RU2273529C1 - Method of vibration excitation and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vibration technique of intensification of production processes by directive inertial vibration action.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in forming two kinds of vibrations in continuously alternating sequence by means of unbalanced masses revolving in radial axles located on opposite sides relative to vibration rod axis. Vibration exciter includes vibration rod with unbalanced mass holder mounted on it; unbalanced masses are placed on bevel gears and are kinematically linked by means of intermediate gear. Bevel gears with unbalanced masses are placed on radial axles and are located on opposite sides relative to vibration rod axis; intermediate gear is kinematically linked with drive. Proposed method makes it possible to form two kinds of vibration simultaneously: longitudinal reciprocating vibration for forming compelling directive force and transversal torsional swinging vibration for forming torque aligning their maximum and minimum magnitudes in phase and anti-phase modes.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a vibration technique for the intensification of technological processes by directional inertial vibration.

With vibrational excitation, intense heat and mass energy exchange occurs, which determines the following process parameters:

- the duration of the process (reaction), that is, the duration;

- conversion rate (conversion) of the process (reaction);

- uniformity and dispersion of the output product;

- quality indicators of the output product;

- the stability of the process and the reproducibility of its energy-dynamic parameters in the entire volume of the apparatus.

A known method of gyrational vibrational excitation, in which vibrations from the rotation of inertial masses are combined with circular vibrations created using an eccentric [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the limited vibration excitation of the processed product, which reduces the intensification of technological processes.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of implementing an asymmetric vibrational motion of an oscillatory mechanical system by a centrifugal vibration exciter [2], selected as a prototype. This method differs from the previous one in that they organize two alternating modes of operation of the oscillatory system, one of which is characterized by a change in the frequency of the driving force in the direction of approaching the resonant frequency, the first mode being switched to the second as soon as the kinetic energy of the oscillating system becomes larger upper setpoint, and the second mode is switched to the first, as soon as the kinetic energy becomes less than the lower setpoint. The disadvantage of this method is the structural complexity of the implementation of this method and the limitations of its application for various technological processes.

The closest to the structural implementation of the proposed method is a single-shaft directional vibration exciter [3], selected as a prototype for a vibration excitation device. In this vibration exciter, the shafts of the drive motors are directly connected to the unbalanced shaft, and the unbalances are freely and rigidly mounted on the shaft, interconnected by bevel gears and intermediate bevel gears rigidly attached to them, one part of the latter is mounted on fixed axes in the vibrator housing, and the other on axially movable axes, which are equipped with mechanisms for their translational movement. The disadvantage of this device is the lack of torsional-oscillatory vibrations and the complexity of the design.

The simultaneous generation of torsional-oscillating and reciprocating vibrations allows one to obtain oscillations of the oscillatory system in three dimensions. This makes it possible to build more efficient technological vibratory bodies and significantly intensify technological processes. Thus, the aim of the invention is to create simultaneously two types of oscillations: longitudinal reciprocating for the formation of a driving directed force and transverse torsional-rocking for the formation of torque and matching their maximum and minimum values in phase and antiphase modes.

The term "reciprocating vibrations" refers to the reciprocating movements of the vibroshaft, creating an alternating driving force directed along the axial vibroshock. The term "torsional-oscillatory vibrations" means the reciprocating-rotational movements of the vibro-rod around its axis, creating alternating torque. The term "oscillatory system" refers to a combination of a vibration exciter and a vibration rod equipped with technological bodies in the form of diode panels, screw elements, profile blades, static mixers and the like elements placed in the product or raw material volume in the form of a pipe, reactor, and the like.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is achieved by the fact that using the unbalances rotating on the radial axes located on opposite sides with respect to the axial vibration rod, two types of oscillations are created in a continuously alternating sequence. The first type of oscillation is reciprocating, creating an alternating forcing directing force along the axial vibroshock. The second type of oscillation is torsion-swinging, which creates alternating torque around the axial vibroshock. In this case, one of the following vibration excitation modes is carried out. The first mode - set the unbalances in the same directional initial position in a cycle so that when the unbalances are rotated, the maximum value of the driving directed force of the first mode of oscillation occurs at a zero value of the torque of the second mode of oscillation, followed by rotation of the unbalance position, which creates the maximum value torque of the second mode of vibration at zero value of the driving directional force of the first mode of vibration. The second mode is carried out with an even number of diametrically located axes, while all unbalances placed on odd diametrically located axes are set in the initial position of the first vibration excitation mode, and on even diametrically located axes the initial position of the unbalances is shifted by an angle α = 180 / n, where n - the number of diametrical axes on which the unbalances are located, and increase the frequency of oscillations of the system n times. The third mode is carried out with any number of unbalances by shifting any unbalance by an angle from zero to 360 °. In addition, the entire oscillatory system is rotated around an axial vibration rod.

To implement the proposed method, a vibration excitation device is proposed, comprising a vibroshaft, a housing with an unbalance holder mounted on it, arranged on bevel gears and kinematically connected by an intermediate gear, while bevel gears with unbalances are located on radial axes, located on different sides relative to the axial vibroshaft, and the intermediate gear is kinematically connected to the drive. The unbalance holder is connected to the housing and is additionally kinematically connected to the rotation drive of the oscillatory system.

According to the results of a search by sources of scientific, technical and patent information, a similar method and device for its implementation have not been identified. This gives reason to believe that the claimed method of vibrational excitation and the device of vibrational excitation are a technical solution that has novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability.

The technical essence of the method of vibration excitation and design are illustrated by drawings, where:

- figure 1 conventionally shows a vibration system explaining the method, with unbalances in four positions of the cycle on the axes X and Y;

- figure 2 conventionally shows a vibration system with unbalances in four positions on the Y axis;

- figure 3 shows the plot values of the driving force P and torque M of the radial vibrations of the vibration system shown in figure 2;

- figure 4 shows the plot values of the driving force P and torque M of the radial vibrations of the vibration system shown in figure 1;

- figure 5 shows a table of transition values of P and M of the vibration system shown in figure 1 in different positions of the cycle;

- figure 6 conventionally shows the design of the exciter;

- Fig.7 conventionally shows the design of the exciter, top view.

The vibration excitation device consists of the following parts (FIGS. 6 and 7): housing 1, on which the lower drive wheel 2 and the cross-shaped (spatial or flat) holder 3 are rigidly fixed (the origin of the coordinate system X, Y, Z coincides with the center of the holder). Bevel gears are movably mounted on the axles of the holder 3: gears 4 along the X axis, gears 5 along the Y axis, with unbalances 6 fixed to them, all of them are kinematically connected to the intermediate gear 7, movably mounted for rotation on the axis of the holder 3 along the axis Z and kinematically rigidly connected with the upper drive wheel 8, rotating from the upper drive 9. The lower drive wheel 2 is kinematically connected with the lower drive 10, which allows the structure to rotate around the Z axis together with the vibroshaft 11. The described design, ealizovannaya scheme 1 can be performed and Figure 2 scheme. In figure 1, the position of the unbalance is shown by conventional signs:

- исходное положение дебалансов при угле 0° (360°) относительно вертикали;

- the initial position of the unbalances at an angle of 0 ° (360 °) relative to the vertical;

- положение дебалансов при угле поворота на 90° относительно вертикали;

- the position of the unbalances at an angle of rotation of 90 ° relative to the vertical;

- положение дебалансов при угле поворота на 180° относительно вертикали;

- the position of the unbalances at an angle of rotation of 180 ° relative to the vertical;

- положение дебалансов при угле поворота на 270° относительно вертикали.

- the position of the unbalance when the angle of rotation of 270 ° relative to the vertical.

At the same time, in FIG. 4, the diagram of the change in the values of the driving directed force P is indicated by a solid line, and the torque M around the Z axis by a dashed line. Figure 2 shows a special case when on a flat cruciform holder 3 gears are installed with unbalances on the same axis with the same symbols for the positions of unbalances, figure 3 shows plots of the values of P and M.

вынуждающие силы Р_Y действуют вниз и происходит направленный удар по оси Z через держатель 3 на виброшток 11, при этом крутящий момент отсутствует. При дальнейшем вращении промежуточной шестерни 7 дебалансы занимают положение -

и возникает крутящий момент М_кр, a P_Y=0, при этом, как видно на эпюре фиг.3, максимальному значению Р_Y всегда соответствует минимальное значение М_КР и наоборот. В следующем положении дебалансов -

возникает Р_Y, а М_КР=0. В положении дебалансов

присутствует М_КР, а Р_Y=0. Таким образом, за один оборот дебалансов происходит два удара вынуждающей силы (+)Р и (-)Р, а между ними в чередующем порядке возникают два крутящих момента (+)М_КР, и (-)М_КР, которые передают через держатель 3 крутильно-качательные колебания. Одновременно с помощью нижнего привода 10 и нижнего приводного колеса 2 можно вращать весь вибратор вокруг оси Z.Consider in more detail the option presented in figure 2. When the intermediate gear 7 rotates in the initial position of the unbalances -

the driving forces P _Y act downward and a directional impact occurs along the Z axis through the holder 3 on the vibroshaft 11, while there is no torque. With further rotation of the intermediate gear 7, the unbalances occupy the position -

and there is a torque M _cr , a P _Y = 0, while, as can be seen in the diagram of figure 3, the maximum value of P _Y always corresponds to the minimum value of M _KR and vice versa. In the following position of unbalances -

arises P _Y , and M _KR = 0. In the position of unbalance

there is M _KR , and P _Y = 0. Thus, for one revolution of unbalances, two driving forces of impact (+) P and (-) P occur, and between them two alternating torques (+) M _КР , and (-) М _КР arise, which are transmitted through holder 3 torsional-oscillatory vibrations. Using the lower drive 10 and the lower drive wheel 2, the entire vibrator can be rotated around the Z axis at the same time.

, что и на фиг.2, но кроме этого на оси Х дополнительно установлены две шестерни 4 с дебалансами, которые развернуты по циклу в разные стороны на 90° по отношению к дебалансам на оси Y и также обозначены -

. На фиг.1 видно, что в исходном положении дебалансов -

, действуют одновременно два фактора: по оси Y - вынуждающая сила Р, а по оси Х - крутящий момент М_КР. Дальнейшее чередование значений Р и М_КР по циклу указаны в таблице фиг.5, из которой видно, что за один оборот дебалансов возникают четыре раза Р и четыре раза М_КР, то есть происходит двойное увеличение частоты вибрации. При этом, как видно из фиг.4, происходит попарно следование Р и М_КР, попарно изменение их направления и при этом с помощью нижнего привода 10 и нижнего приводного колеса 2 можно вращать всю колебательную систему. Такое сочетание вибровозбуждающих факторов дает возможность осуществить более интенсивное воздействие на тепломассоэнергообменные процессы, разработать новые эффективные виброорганы и аппараты. Таким образом, можно реализовать два вида режима вибровозбуждения: первый режим показан на фиг.2 и фиг.3, второй режим показан на фиг.1 и фиг.4 с двойной частотой колебаний. Следует отметить, что, если в схеме на фиг.1 все дебалансы привести в однонаправленное положение, как на фиг.2, то вибровозбудитель будет работать без двойной частоты в первом режиме по схеме фиг.2, но с удвоенной вынуждающей силой Р и удвоенным моментом М_КР.Consider in more detail the scheme presented in figure 1 and figure 4. Note that on the Y axis, gears 5 with unbalances are installed in the same position -

as in figure 2, but in addition to this, two gears 4 with unbalances are additionally installed on the X axis, which are rotated 90 ° in a cycle in different directions with respect to the unbalances on the Y axis and are also indicated by -

. Figure 1 shows that in the initial position of the unbalances -

, two factors act simultaneously: on the Y axis - the driving force P, and on the X axis - the torque M _KR . A further alternation of the values of P and M _CR in a cycle are indicated in the table of Fig. 5, from which it is seen that for one revolution of unbalance four times P and four times M _KR arise, that is, a double increase in the vibration frequency occurs. At the same time, as can be seen from figure 4, the P and M _KR follow in pairs, their direction changes in pairs and in this case, with the help of the lower drive 10 and the lower drive wheel 2, the entire oscillatory system can be rotated. This combination of vibration-exciting factors makes it possible to carry out a more intense effect on the heat and mass-energy exchange processes, to develop new effective vibratory organs and devices. Thus, two types of vibration excitation mode can be realized: the first mode is shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the second mode is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 with a double oscillation frequency. It should be noted that, if in the circuit of Fig. 1 all unbalances are brought into a unidirectional position, as in Fig. 2, then the vibration exciter will work without double frequency in the first mode according to the circuit of Fig. 2, but with doubled driving force P and doubled moment M _KR .

The proposed design works as follows. When the upper drive wheel 8 is rotated using the upper drive 9, the bevel intermediate gear 7 begins to rotate around the Z axis, and with it the gears 4 and 5 around the X and Y axes with unbalances 6 set according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1. Two types of oscillations occur in alternating order: longitudinal reciprocating and transverse radial-oscillating. The rotation of the entire oscillatory system is created using the lower drive 10, but sometimes it is possible without a drive, due to autorotation.

The proposed method of vibrational excitation and a device for its implementation can be used to intensify various processes of emulsification, pressing, extrusion of polymers and viscoelastic dispersed compositions, squeezing oil, juices, mash, hole punching, drying, screening, as well as during pile and drilling operations.

Information sources

1. N.A. Burenkov. Intensification of technological processes in the food industry using low-frequency oscillations. Ed. "Technique", Kiev, 1969, pp. 44-46.

2. RF patent 2113919, MKI: 6 V 06 V 1/16, published BI No. 18, 06/27/98.

3. RF patent 2008101, MKI: 6 V 06 V 1/16, E 02 D 7/18, published BI No. 4, 02.28.94.

4. Varsanofiev V.D., Kolman-Ivanov E.E. Vibration technology in the chemical industry. M .: Chemistry, 1985, pp. 14-21.

Claims (4)

1. The method of vibrational excitation of an oscillatory mechanical system using rotating unbalances, characterized in that using rotating unbalances located on opposite sides relative to the axial vibration rod rotating on radial axes, two types of oscillations are created in a continuously alternating sequence, the first type of oscillations is reciprocating, creating alternating compulsory directional force along the axial vibration rod, the second type of oscillation is torsional-oscillating, which creates alternating torque around the axial a brooch, in this case, one of the following vibration excitation modes is carried out: in the first mode, unbalances are set in the same initial position along the cycle so that when the unbalances rotate, the maximum value of the driving directed force of the first mode of vibration occurs at zero torque of the second mode of vibration with subsequent to rotation by cyclic change in the position of the unbalances, creating the maximum value of the torque of the second type of oscillation p and the zero value of the driving directional force of the first type of oscillations, in the second mode, they are carried out with an even number of diametrically located axes, and all unbalances placed on odd diametrically located axes are set to the initial position of the first excitation mode, and on even diametrically located axes, the initial position of the unbalances is shifted by an angle α = 180 / n, where n is the number of diametrical axes on which the unbalances are located, the third mode is carried out for any number of unbalances by shifting I have any unbalance at an angle from zero to 360 °. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire oscillatory system is rotated around an axial vibroshaft. 3. A vibration excitation device comprising a vibroshaft, a housing with an unbalance holder mounted on it, placed on bevel gears and kinematically connected by an intermediate gear, characterized in that the bevel gears with unbalances are located on radial axes, are located on different sides relative to the axial vibroshaft, and the pinion gear is kinematically connected to the drive. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the unbalance holder is connected to the housing and additionally kinematically connected to the rotation drive of the oscillatory system.

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