RU2350494C1 - Storage battery automatic electronic circuit breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport, electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: storage battery automatic electronic circuit breaker incorporates circuit breaker, power switch and storage battery. In compliance with this invention, the circuit breaker additionally comprises pickups, field transistor and self-restoring fuse. Field transistor source is connected to the storage battery negative terminal, its drain being connected to the frame. Field transistor gate is connected, via resistor, to the source and, via pickups and ignition lock, to the storage battery positive terminal. The said self-restoring fuse is connected in between the source and drain.

EFFECT: higher safety of vehicle.

6 dwg

Description

The automatic electronic battery switch belongs to the field of electrical equipment of vehicles and can be used on a car to automatically and daily turn off the battery in order to prevent an accident or fire in case of dangerous changes in the parameters affecting the operation of the car: lack of brake fluid, high temperature, high current consumption, a drunk driver, etc., can be used as an anti-theft tool.

Known devices described in [1, 2, 3, 4].

For the prototype, the device “Electronic vehicle mass switch” by V.V. Byakova [4], containing button 1; light bulb 2; pin 3; resistor 4; resistor 5; resistor 6; battery 7; capacitor 8; capacitor 9; pulse transformer 10; diode 11; relay 12; button 13; thyristor 14; diode 15; diode 16; diode 17 (Fig. 1).

In order to increase the reliability in operation, three resistors, three diodes, two capacitors, a pulse transformer and a relay are additionally introduced into it, and the thyristor control electrode is connected to the junction point of the first diode and the normally open relay contact, through the first resistor connected to the positive terminal. The anode of the first diode is connected to the first output of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer, the second output of which is connected to the cathode of the thyristor, the first lining of the first capacitor, with the first output of the switching button and the negative battery terminal. The primary winding of the transformer with the first terminal is connected to the second plate of the first capacitor, the third resistor connected to the positive terminal, and the anode of the second diode. The second terminal of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the anode of the third diode, the cathode of which is connected to the first lining of the second capacitor, the second resistor connected to the plus terminal and the second terminal of the switching button, the cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode, the second lining of the second capacitor, the thyristor anode , the first terminal of the relay winding and the grounding wire of the vehicle, the second terminal of the relay winding is connected through a parallel-connected light bulb and ignition switch to the positive terminal (Fig. 1).

As can be seen from the electrical circuit of the device, a thyristor is used as a key.

The disadvantage of this device (prototype) is that when the battery is turned off, the on-board network is de-energized and the alarm system, computer, radio, etc. do not work. Since the thyristor conducts current in one direction, it is necessary to turn on the diode to ensure battery charging when the engine is running. In addition, the voltage drops by 1.5 ÷ 2V on the thyristor and diode, which when working on the battery reduces the voltage of the on-board network by 10 ÷ 15%, making it difficult to start the engine. You will have to raise the voltage in the on-board network by the same amount to ensure the battery is charged, electrical appliances will be powered by increased voltage.

The present invention aims to eliminate these disadvantages.

The technical result of the invention is to increase transport safety due to the inability to turn on the battery before starting the engine, if one of the parameters affecting the operation of the car is not normal and the battery is always turned off when the ignition is off.

This is achieved by the fact that in the automatic electronic switch of the battery containing the battery, the thyristor key, the switch, according to the invention, a power field-effect transistor, sensors and a self-resetting fuse are additionally introduced.

In addition, in order to reduce the voltage drop across the mass disconnect device and eliminate the diode shunting the key, it is proposed to use an N-conductivity field-effect MOSFET transistor as the key.

At the same time, the source of the field-effect transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the drain is connected to the mass of the car, the gate through the resistor is connected to the source and through the sensors and the ignition switch contact to the plus of the on-board network.

At the same time, a self-resetting fuse is connected to the source and drain.

The introduction of new elements, the exclusion of others and the change in relationships between them provides a solution to the problem.

In FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a proposed automatic electronic battery switch.

Automatic electronic battery switch contains: 1 - switch; 2 ... n - sensors; 3 - resistor; 4 - transistor; 5 - self-healing fuse; 6 - battery.

Switch 1 - these are the contacts of the central ignition switch, by means of which a supply voltage (+12 V) is supplied or disconnected to the nodes of the vehicle, ensuring its functioning. This voltage through the sensors 2 ... n is supplied to the gate of the field-effect transistor 4 and opens it, and it connects the minus of the battery 6 to the mass.

The device operates as follows: the positive potential from the battery through the contacts of the ignition 1 enters through the sensors 2 ... n to the gate of the transistor 4 and opens it.

By sensors and contacts, the positive potential can be disconnected from the base, in this case the transistor closes and minus the battery 6 is disconnected from the mass.

As sensors, both contact sensors and parametric can be used. For example, brake fluid level contacts, temperature fuses, which are widely used for protection against fire of electronic and other devices; The n-sensor is directly connected to the shutter. As it is recommended, but not necessary, to use one of the drivers that are designed to control the operation of power field-effect transistors. For example, 1R2121. It provides for shutdown (closing of the transistor) with increasing temperature, current and with a dangerous decrease in the supply voltage. Resistor R3, connected between the gate and the drain, provides the closure of the transistor. Self-healing fuse 5 for a current of 10 ÷ 15A, ensuring the operation of the radio, computer, security alarm when the battery is disconnected.

In the present invention, in order to reduce the voltage drop at the battery disconnect device and eliminate the diode shunting the key, an N-conductivity power field MOSFET is introduced, and a self-healing fuse is introduced to ensure the operation of the radio, computer, and security alarm.

According to this application, several variants of automatic electronic battery circuit breakers were developed, manufactured and tested. One of the options is located in the wire connecting the negative terminal of the battery to ground. Appearance is shown in the photograph (Fig. 3).

Specifications:

- maximum switched current i max = 360 A;

- voltage drop at a current of 100 A, Up = 0.15 V;

- disconnecting the battery at a temperature of 150 ° C in the engine compartment.

The second option is located in the "washer", which is located between the motor housing and the tip of the negative battery wire. The appearance is shown in FIG. four.

Specifications:

- I max = 720 A;

- Up = 0.075 V, at a current of 100 A.

One of the described options for the circuit breaker is installed on the car (Figure 5) and is operated for more than 2 months. It ensures that the battery is switched off when the temperature rises above 150 ° C in the engine compartment or the passenger compartment, the battery is not connected if the brake fluid level is insufficient. The switch is equipped with an additional burglar alarm, the battery is switched on through the Z-5R controller, which is designed to be installed and to restrict access at the entrances of residential buildings, etc., the indicator and reader of which are located in the front lining of the car (photo in Fig. 6).

Information sources

1. Danov B.A., Rogachev V.D. Electrical equipment of KamAZ vehicles. - M .: Transport, 2001.

2. Rogachev V.D., Dmitriev V.V., Malchikov S.M., Evstafiev M.V. "Car Battery Switch." RU 2301749 C2, 06/27/2007.

3. Aralov V. Protection against short circuit. - Model designer, 1989, No. 1, p. 36.

4. Byakov V.V. SU 1699833 A1, 12/23/1991. Bull. No. 47.

Claims (1)

An automatic electronic battery switch containing a switch, a power switch and a battery, characterized in that sensors, a field effect transistor and a self-resetting fuse are additionally introduced, while the source of the field effect transistor is connected to the battery negative terminal, the drain is connected to ground, and the gate through the resistor is connected to to the source and through the sensors and the ignition switch contact to the battery plus, between the drain and the source, a self-healing fuse is connected.

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