RU2349704C2 - Oil boom and method of collecting oil and oil products on circulating water reservoir - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ecological safety in emergent conditions possible in operation of sea and river oil-loading terminals, abstraction intakes, offshore oil production platforms and is indended for oil and oil products localisation and collection. The proposed oil boom comprises a chain of movable swivel-jointed sections made up of logs or cants and cables connected to the extreme sections and with shore anchors. The sections are jointed together by coupling vertically matching ledge and slot made on the section face sides. The sections are furnished with yards, movable cants, each of which is jointed to the section to turn through 90 degrees, to be parted and locked at an angle to water stream with the help of separators hinged to the yard or section. In holding position the sad yards are located along the sections, while in operating conditions they are locked at an acute angle to the section. On the side of oil spot, the sections are furnished with PVC 40 to 70 cm-high plates.

EFFECT: localisation of oil spot un hard-to-reach areas on whatever circulating water reservoir, lower costs, longer life, mobility and ease of production.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and is intended for the localization and collection of oil or oil product during accidental spills, including the operation of main oil pipelines in a flowing body of water, mainly rivers and streams. Also, the invention can be used as a preventive measure of environmental safety from possible emergency situations when operating offshore and river oil terminals, water intake devices, offshore oil drilling platforms.

Known metal booms (Pipeline transport of oil, 2001, No. 3, pp. 7-10 applications) with articulated joints of sealed sections and an anchoring system, limiting the movement of oil on the surface of the river and directing the oil slick to the shore.

Known boom barriers have a large mass, are susceptible to corrosion and difficult to manage.

A boom boom of constant buoyancy is known (RF patent No. 2247808), selected as a prototype, containing sections connected in series by hinged elements, and cables connected to extreme sections and shore anchors, each section made of worn tires of the same diameter.

The specified fence is a bulky, difficult to manage design and requires significant labor costs for manufacturing.

The method of collecting oil and oil products in a flowing pond according to patent 2247808 involves the localization of an oil slick by installing a chain of articulated sections across the pond, securing the fence at an angle to the direction of the water flow using the coastal anchor system, directing the oil slick to the drainage site, and setting up the chain of sections across the reservoir is carried out by moving in tow by one end of the chain to the opposite shore.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the installation, significant complexity, the dependence of the installation of the boom on boats, navigability of the river, etc.

The objective of the invention is to create a new cheap and simple design of the boom fence and an easy and affordable way to install it.

The technical result of the design is mobility, controllability, simplicity and affordability of production, including in remote areas of operation of main pipelines (directly on the spot near the river), the possibility of use in shallow rivers and streams. Reliability for mechanical damage, long service life.

The technical result of the method is to reduce labor costs, the speed of localization of the oil slick, the simplicity and accessibility of the installation of the guide blocking structure on any flowing body of water, including streams, small and medium rivers, as well as in the spring during the spill of the reservoir. The method allows you to control the boom, installing the section at the desired angle without involving boats.

The technical result of the design is achieved in that the boom containing the chain pivotally connected by means of vertical fastening elements of the sections and cables connected to the extreme sections and coastal anchors, according to the invention, the sections are made of logs or timber, the connection of the sections is made by vertical fastening of the combined protrusion and groove, made on the end sides of the sections, while the sections are equipped with shafts - movable beams, each of which is connected at one end to the section with the possibility of Strongly rotation to 90 degrees and providing dilution and fixing an angle to the direction of water flow through the struts pivotally connected with Rhea or section, wherein the spar in the standby mode are arranged along the sections, in the operating mode - fixed at an acute angle to the section. In a particular case, sections from the side of oil pollution are equipped with polyvinyl chloride linings 40-70 cm high.

The technical result is achieved in that a method for collecting oil and oil products in a flowing reservoir, including the localization of a polluting spot by installing a boom fence, securing a chain of movable sections articulated by means of vertical fasteners, using cables connected to the extreme sections and coastal anchors across the reservoir at an angle according to the invention, the sections are made of logs or timber, the sections are connected to the direction of the water flow and the direction of the oil slick to the point of discharge by fastening the combined protrusion and groove made on the end sides of the sections, and installing the chain of sections across the pond is carried out by spreading and fixing at an angle to the direction of the water flow of the rails - movable bars, each of which is connected at one end to the section with the possibility of rotation up to 90 degrees, which are carried out by struts pivotally connected to the rack or section, and in standby mode, the rails are located along the sections, and in the operating mode, the rails are fixed at an acute angle to the section.

In figure 1, 2, 3, 4 presents a boom deployed on the river; figure 5 - boom fence in standby mode; Fig.6 and 7 - options for connecting sections of the boom.

The boom consists of sections 1 connected in series. Each section 1 is made of logs of the same diameter or a wooden beam. The connection of section 1 with a similar one is done by means of a tongue and groove connection. To do this, a groove 2 is made on one side of the end face, and a protrusion 3 is made on the other side. When assembling the chain of sections 1, the groove 2, combined with the protrusion 3, is fastened by means of a vertical fastening element 4, for example, a pin, bolt with nuts, studs with nuts, tongue and groove with a clamp. The fastening of the groove 2 with the protrusion 3 is made with the possibility of ensuring the mobility of the connection. Sections 1 are equipped with shafts - movable bars 5, which in standby mode are located along the sections, and in the operating mode - are installed and fixed at an acute angle to the section. Fixing the yoke 5 at an angle can be carried out by means of a spacer 6, along the length of which the sharp angle is regulated, while one end of the spacer 6 can be pivotally connected to the yoke 5 or section 1. The second option for fixing the yaw 5 at an angle and controlling the boom is extensions using a winch 9 installed on the shore or on a floating platform with a dead anchor equipped with a cable system 7 and 8. The initial boom section is connected via a cable to the shore dead anchor 10. The last The section of the boom can also be equipped with a device 11 for holding the boom in place. For the removal of oil, a coastal pit 12 or a floating oil trap is used, from where the oil is then pumped out and transported for separation and refining.

In addition, sections 1 of the boom fence located in the trap zone can be equipped with lining 13 of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material 40-70 cm high from the oil pollution side.

The second special case of the use of the pads is their installation on the side surfaces of the sections 1 along the entire length of the boom. Similarly, PVC linings 14 are made in the height of 40-70 cm, which eliminates the ingress of oil above and under the boom fence.

Section 1 of the boom fence is made of timber 150 × 150 mm. Also, the manufacture of sections 1 can be carried out directly on the spot from the forest of the coastal zone, which allows you to mount and install booms in hard-to-reach areas without additional transportation costs. The peeled, dried logs with a diameter of 150-200 mm and a length of 4-6 meters are connected by means of a tongue and groove joint, for which grooves 2 and protrusions 3, which are connected by a fastening element, are made from the ends of the logs with an ax or saw. Rey 5 at one end are attached to the manufactured sections 1 with the possibility of rotation up to 90 degrees. To fix the rails 5 at an angle, spacers 6 of a certain length are made or the main cable 7 is pulled from above the boom fence, from which cables 8 connected to the ends of the rails 5 extend.

The boom fence is easily mounted and dismantled near the river, and can be transported up or downstream using a motor boat.

The chain of movably connected sections 1 in standby mode is located along the coast and does not interfere with navigation. The first section is attached to the dead anchor, yards 5 are parallel to the sections. Pads made of PVC-based material, made on the end sections or along the entire length of the boom fence, have high chemical resistance, rigidity and thermoplasticity.

The boom fence made of wooden sections is reliable, durable, not subject to mechanical damage and allows river transport to pass through it.

The method of collecting oil is as follows.

From the moment of an emergency, a boom fence has been deployed to localize and collect oil. The installation of the boom fence is carried out by routing the rails, which, using the river flow, install the boom fence at the desired angle, while the installation time is 15-40 minutes depending on the width of the river (stream) and the flow velocity.

The wiring of the rails is carried out using spacers 6 or using ropes 7, 8 and winch 9.

When wiring rails 5 using struts 6, a motor boat with two operators is used. One end of the spacer 6 is fixed on the yoke, the second on the section. When wiring rails 5 using a winch 9 installed on the site, one operator by winding the cable 7 on the winch 9 by pulling the ropes 8 opens the rails 5 at the required angle and fixes the cable. Divorced and fixed gates 5, playing the role of rudders, under the influence of the river, unfold and install a boom across the flowing reservoir at an angle to the direction of movement of the water stream. The angle of distribution of rails 5 depends on the speed of the river, the greater the flow, the smaller the angle of distribution.

Additionally, the fastening of the chain of movably connected sections 1 installed across the reservoir is carried out using weights that are equipped with the end sections 1, or the shore anchor 11. At the end of the chain sections of the boom due to the mobility of the connection sections and fixing rails 5 at different angles can be installed in in the form of enclosing an arcuate or annular section and used as a reservoir for collecting oil in the spring during river spills, while the final section of the guide section is equipped with an anchor 15.

An installed boom fence blocks the flow of oil flowing downstream and directs the oil slick to the point of discharge - to the coastal pit 12 or a floating oil trap. Oil is pumped out of the coastal pit and transported for further processing.

At the end of the work on the localization of oil, anchors, struts 6 or the tension of the ropes 8 are removed, yards 5 are installed along the sections and the boom spontaneously, under the influence of the river flow, is set along the shore in standby mode.

An annular boom fence (single or multi-row) can also be formed, which is used around oil barges, water intake devices, oil production drilling platforms, as protection against oil spills.

Thus, the present invention allows you to quickly localize oil pollution in any flowing water bodies, including inaccessible crossings, as well as in the spring current, in a simple and affordable way.

Boom fencing and method were tested under production conditions in the Komi Republic on the Colva River.

Claims (3)

1. A boom fence containing a chain of movable sections pivotally connected by means of vertical fasteners and cables connected to end sections and shore anchors, characterized in that the sections are made of logs or beams, the sections are connected by vertical fastening of the combined protrusion and groove made on the end sides of the sections, while the sections are equipped with shafts - movable bars, each of which is connected at one end to the section with the possibility of rotation up to 90 ° and ensuring dilution and fixing at an angle to the direction of the water flow by means of struts pivotally connected to the rack or section, and in standby mode, the rails are located along the sections, in the operating mode are fixed at an acute angle to the section. 2. The boom fence according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections from the side of oil pollution are equipped with polyvinyl chloride overlays 40-70 cm high. 3. A method of collecting oil and oil products in a flowing reservoir, including the localization of a polluting spot by installing a boom fence, securing a chain of movable sections articulated by vertical fasteners using cables connected to the extreme sections and shore anchors across the reservoir at an angle to the direction of the water the flow and direction of the oil slick to the point of discharge, characterized in that the sections are made of logs or timber, connect the sections by fastening the combined ledge and the basics made on the end sides of the sections, and the installation of the chain of sections across the reservoir is carried out by diluting and fixing at an angle to the direction of the water flow of the rails - movable bars, each of which is connected at one end to the section with the possibility of rotation up to 90 °, which are carried out by spacers connected to the ray or section, and in standby mode, the ray is located along the sections, and in the operating mode, the ray is fixed at an acute angle to the section.

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