RU2221109C1 - Boom barrier of variable buoyancy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental control in process of operation of main oil product pipe-lines, localization and collection of oil or oil product spots, from powerful streams of it in running water ponds and rivers included. SUBSTANCE: invention can also be used around sea and river oil terminals and water intake facilities. Boom barrier consists of interjoined cylindrical sections made of metal tubes carrying plugs. Each plug except last one is fitted with branch pipe for connection of spaces of sections to compressor and water feeding pump correspondingly and for connection of pipe-lines passing through sections to heating gear. Two hollow ridges placed along cylindrical section at some distance one from another are positioned in upper part of cylindrical section, in symmetry with its longitudinal axis. Cross-section of ridge has triangular form. Platform is mounted along entire length of boom barrier between ridges. Inflated cushion is attached to platform, its upper part carries layer of thick porolon to which sorbing mats are attached. Sections can be provided with ballasts fixed to lower surfaces of sections, opposite to platform or with pontoons made of tubes to give boom barrier more wave and gale stability. Spaces of pontoons are connected to spaces of cylindrical sections and boom barrier. Invention makes it possible to localize and to collect oil in any season, from under ice too, under any weather conditions and extreme situations on rivers with various characteristics. Invention allows temporary storage of collected oil in boom barrier itself and possibility of fire fighting. EFFECT: increased efficiency of oil product collection. 10 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the protection of the environment during the technical operation of oil trunk pipelines and can be used to localize and collect oil or oil product stains, including its powerful flow in a flowing body of water, mainly a river. You can use the invention around marine and river oil terminals, as well as water intake devices.

 Known metal booms with articulated joints of sealed sections and an anchoring system, stationary and semi-stationary. They limit the movement of oil along the surface of the river. direct the oil slick to the shore, reducing the speed of its spread. Fixed booms installed in advance in the transition zone work in standby mode and provide the start of work on oil localization from the moment of an emergency. To divert oil from the localization zone (from the boom), a coastal pit or floating oil trap is used. Then, oil from the coastal pit or floating oil trap is pumped by an oil sump to a rubber-fabric tank located on the shore, or to a special oil tanker [g. Pipeline transport of oil, 2001. N3, p. 7-10 applications].

 However, well-known stationary booms are removed for the winter. and during this period, the rivers are unprotected from accidental oil spills. The work associated with the installation and dismantling of these boom barriers is very time-consuming.

 Known pop-up boom designed and manufactured by LLC "North Sea" (St. Petersburg). It contains sections connected in series with each other and attached by a chain to the anchors. The sections are made of a flexible waterproof oil-resistant material with a polyvinyl chloride coating. In the upper part, each section has a sealed inflatable chamber, on which an elastic skimmer for oil localization is placed. To control the pop-up boom boom, a gas filling station is used [pop-up boom boom TU 4834-015-20504853-99] - the closest analogue.

 The well-known pop-up boom barrier is designed for year-round use, including for work under ice. However, its capabilities are limited. During the open water period, the boom can only be used on small rivers with little flow and in calm weather, because otherwise, oil may be trapped through the skimmer. In winter, the skimmer is not able to work with the surface of the ice, it will relate to the river and pass a layer of oil. It is also impossible to use it during periods of ice freezing and ice drift. The boom barrier has low reliability for mechanical damage that can occur especially in the spring, when the rivers are saturated with various heavy floating objects (whips, logs, etc.). Other disadvantages of this boom barrier are the high cost of manufacture, short service life, as well as insecurity from fires.

 The objective of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely the expansion of functionality, increasing the reliability of the structure, reducing the cost of manufacture and increasing the life of the boom.

 This problem is solved by the fact that in the boom. containing sealed cylindrical sections sequentially connected to each other and attached to the anchors, the communicating cavities of which are connected to a source of compressed air or gas, the sections are made of metal pipes having plugs at the ends, and the section cavities are additionally connected to a pump for supplying water to them. each section in the upper part is provided with metal ridges, preferably two, located along it at a distance from each other. The cavities of the sections are interconnected by sleeves for supplying compressed air and sleeves for supplying water connected to the corresponding nozzles located on the plugs. The ridges are made hollow and have a triangular profile in cross section, the apex of which is directed outward. Between the ridges there is a platform on which an air bag is installed. Layers of sorbent materials are placed on the surface of the inflatable pillow. In the crests and cavities of the sections are pipelines connected to a heating device. A ballast is attached to the bottom surface of each section opposite the platform, or a pontoon is installed on at least one side of each section. Removable shields made of refractory material are attached to the crests of the sections, and nozzles are installed in the outer walls of the crests. A metal strip is attached to the bottom of each section.

 The expansion of functionality includes the use of a boom barrier at any time of the year, under any weather conditions and extreme situations on rivers with different characteristics. In addition, it provides for the possibility of temporary storage of collected oil in the boom itself and the possibility of fire fighting oil.

 The strength of the structure ensures its reliability and long service life (up to 25-40 years).

 Due to the simplicity of the design and the possibility of reuse of used elements, for example, oil pipes for the manufacture of sections and pontoons, rubberized panels for the manufacture of panels, inflatable elements, etc., the cost of manufacturing a boom is reduced.

 In FIG. 1 shows a boom section in a perspective view; in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a section with a pad and sorbent elements placed on it; in FIG. 3 - the same with fire extinguishing devices and a pillow in the inflated state; in FIG. 4 - boom boom when working in winter under ice; in FIG. 5 - boom fence deployed on the river.

 The boom consists of articulated cylindrical sections 1. made of metal pipes, welded with plugs on both sides 2. After production, sections 1 were tested with high pressure for strength and tightness. On each plug 2, in addition to the end, there are nozzles 3, 4, to which elastic sleeves (not shown) are attached, communicating the cavities of sections 1 in the openings between them and connecting cavities, respectively, to the compressor 5 and pump 6 for water supply, as well as nozzles 7, to which elastic sleeves are attached, connecting in the openings between sections 1 pipelines 8 passing through sections 1 with a heating device 9. As a heating device 9, for example, a steam generator or an electric boiler can be used. In the upper part of section 1, two hollow ridges 10 made of sheet steel are located symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal axis. The inner walls of the ridges 10 are removable. In cross section, ridges 10 have a triangular profile, the apex of which is directed outward. An electric cable 11 is located in the cavity of one of the ridges 10 for powering the pump of the oil pumping device 12, and in the cavities of both ridges, heating pipes 13 are connected by elastic sleeves to the heating device 9 for quick installation and melting into ice, as well as to disconnect the boom from ice in the case of necessary. Between the ridges 10 mounted platform 14 along the entire length of the boom. An inflatable cushion 15 is fixed on the platform 14, in the upper part of which there is a layer of thick foam rubber 16. To which the sorbent mats are fastened 17. For greater stability on the wave and in a gale, sections 1 can have ballasts 18 attached to their lower surfaces opposite the platform, or pontoons 19 made of pipes. The cavities of the pontoons are also looped with the cavities of the sections 1 of the boom with welded pipes or with flange connections. To suppress turbulent flows, it is possible to install a steel strip 20 along the entire length of each section in its underwater part. This reduces the likelihood of oil getting under the boom. For the option of a boom barrier with the possibility of fire extinguishing on the ridges 10, from the side of oil burning, removable shields 21 are made of metal or of refractory fabric, and nozzles 22 for foam exit in the outer walls of the ridges 10. A high-pressure sleeve 23 for supplying foam from the foam generator 24 to the nozzles 22 is placed under the platform 14. It can also be placed in the cavity of the ridges 10. The presence of removable shields 21 and air bags 15 also plays a large role in another extreme situation: in case of a gale and a large wave . Given the great buoyancy of the boom, it is possible to use shields 21 having significant dimensions and sufficient strength. In this regard, to increase the stability of the boom, it becomes possible to land it at a great depth. Precipitation depth can be reached up to 1 m or more, and the height of the surface part up to 2 m. That will reliably protect against overlapping oil film. The boom boom is attached on opposite sides of the river with powerful ropes 25 to the “dead” anchors 26. Depending on the width of the river and the speed of its flow, the anchor can be mounted in the river bed at its bottom and additionally fixed in the center of the boom.

 To monitor the position of the boom in a given period of time, for example, beacons in airtight capsules attached to a side fence in the area of the river fairway, or poles with a depth marking mounted on the sides of the fairway can be used.

 The boom works as follows.

 A. In the period of open water.

 If the river is not navigable, the boom is constantly afloat. On the navigable river, the required amount of water is pumped into the cavity of sections 1 of the boom boom with pump 6. To do this, open the valve on the water line and the valve on the air line (not shown). After air is displaced from the cavities of sections 1, the valve and valve are closed. The boom sinks to a predetermined depth or falls to the bottom, depending on the amount of water injected. When an alarm signal is received, the valve on the water line opens, the water supply hose from the pump 6 is disconnected, the compressor 5 is turned on and compressed air is supplied to the cavity of the sections 1, which displaces water from them. A boom float and block the river. After the booms rise, the valve on the water main is closed, the compressor 5 is turned off and the valve on the air main is shut off. When approaching the oil film to the booms and its accumulation in sufficient quantity in the oil trap area, the pump of the oil pumping device 12 is turned on and the oil is pumped ashore to a tank or barn prepared for this. In the absence of the latter or their temporary unpreparedness, oil is pumped into the cavity of sections 1 and pontoons 19. When they are completely filled, the buoyancy of the boom is lost, then the elastic cushion 15. is pumped, which keeps sections 1 afloat and starts to serve as an elastic boom itself. The elastic cushion 15 is also inflated during a large wave on the river, creating a barrier to protect against overlapping contaminated water. This allows the boom to be recessed to give it greater stability on the wave and to protect it against oil spillage under the boom. In the period of open water it is possible to use a side fence with a fire extinguishing system. In this case, fireproof shields 21 are mounted on ridges 10 and the foam generator 24 is turned on. Foam exits through nozzles 22 in ridges 10 and forms a foam barrier for burning oil, which, passing through it, goes out, enters the oil trap and is pumped out by device 12.

 B. In winter conditions.

 Before freezing, the boom sinks to the bottom or bottom of the river by pumping water into the cavity of its sections 1 with pump 6. After the ice formation, the boom rises under the ice by displacing water from the cavities of sections 1 by supplying compressed air to them with compressor 5 and remains under the ice until the spring ice . With weak ice cover, booms that have surfaced under the ice serve as a support for safe movement on ice, for example, for building a lane or for carrying out other events arising from accidents. When ice builds up, the boom is frozen by the upper part of the ridges 10 into the ice and is firmly fixed in it. Upon receipt of a signal about an accident in the area of the oil trap, an observation lane is cut down. With the approach of the oil and its sufficient concentration, the oil pumping device 12 is turned on and the oil is pumped into the onshore tank or cavity of the sections 1. If the oil pumped into the cavity of the sections 1 has a high viscosity and needs to be pumped into the onshore tank, the heating device 9 and the coolant are turned on, passing through the pipeline 8, heats the lower, settled oil fractions.

 B. Before the ice drift.

 Water is pumped into the cavity of the boom sections 1 by the pump 6. while under weight from the own weight and water sections 1 are torn off from the ice and sink to the bottom. With severe freezing, additional efforts to tear sections 1 from the ice can be given by pumping the cushion 15, which abuts against the ice surface, as well as by heating the ridges 10 through the pipe 13.

 D. Directly during the period of freezing or freezing.

 In the event of an accident, a part of the water is displaced from the boom, it is floated under the ice, and the pillow 15 is slightly pumped up to create its elastic elastic contact with moving ice. While the sorbent mats 17, mounted on the upper part of the cushion 15, wipe the oil film from the bottom surface of the ice. The retained oil is pumped by the oil pumping device 12 to the onshore tank or barn through a separator or filter (not shown), where the oil is finally separated from the water. and purified water returns to the river above the booms or undergoes a deeper filtration. If necessary, water or an emulsion of sorbing powder or other neutralizing agent, which will wash off oil adhering to ice, is supplied to the foam supply sleeve 23 under pressure. To better flush oil from an ice surface, water or emulsion may be supplied hot.

Claims (11)

1. A boom boom of variable buoyancy, containing sealed cylindrical sections sequentially connected to each other and attached to the anchors, communicating cavities of which are connected to a source of compressed air or gas, characterized in that the sections are made of metal pipes having plugs at the ends, and the sections have additional cavities connected to a pump for supplying water to them, with each section in the upper part provided with metal ridges, preferably two, located along it at a distance from each other t friend. 2. The boom according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity of the section communicates with each other by sleeves for supplying compressed air and sleeves for supplying water connected to the corresponding nozzles placed on the plugs. 3. The boom according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridges are hollow and have a triangular cross-section in cross section, the apex of which is directed outward. 4. Boom barrier according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 3, characterized in that between the ridges there is a platform on which an air bag is installed. 5. A boom barrier according to any one of claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that layers of sorbent materials are placed on the surface of the air bag. 6. Boom barrier according to any one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that in the crests of the sections are pipelines connected to a heating device. 7. The boom according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cavities of the sections are pipelines connected to a heating device. 8. Boom barrier according to any one of claims 1 and 4, characterized in that a ballast is attached to the lower surface of each section opposite the site. 9. The boom of claim 1, wherein a pontoon is installed on at least one side of each section. 10. The boom according to claim 1, characterized in that removable shields of refractory material are attached to the ridges of the sections, and nozzles are installed in the outer walls of the ridges. 11. The boom according to claim 1, characterized in that a metal strip is attached to the lower part of each section.

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