RU2348753C2 - Method of active effect on warm and freezing fogs and associated device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrometeorology, namely to methods and facilities needed for active effect on warm and freezing fogs. Pyrotechnic compound with an active substance is burnt in the burner can provided with the orifice and tapered flare. Later on, gas tore is generated from the accumulated active smoke and rotated around the own annular axis. The gas tore is discharged into atmosphere through the orifice. The facility includes the burner can with orifice and tapered flare. There is a nozzle at the burner can basement. The pyrotechnic cartridge with the active substance interacting with water particles of the fog is inserted into the can cavity. The pyrotechnic cartridge includes blasting fuze connected to the control board by means of electrical cable.

EFFECT: effectiveness and safety of active effect on fogs is achieved.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydrometeorology, and in particular to methods and technical means for actively influencing warm and supercooled mists in order to ensure favorable meteorological conditions for the operation of airports and road transport communications.

There are various methods of active exposure to supercooled mists using ground propane plants, when propane is sprayed into the atmosphere using special nozzles and, interacting with fog particles, causes the necessary effect of their dispersion. [Guidelines. Artificial dispersion of supercooled mists at aerodromes using an automated land-based propane system. - M .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1985, p.27.]

When artificially applied to mists, propane is dispersed in the form of tiny particles, which during the explosive evaporation form a torch, in some parts of which the temperature can reach minus 70 ° С. As a result, a zone of highly supersaturated water vapor is formed in the atmosphere, in which the vapor, when condensed into small droplets, quickly freezes. Thus, in the atmosphere, a large number of crystallization centers are created artificially, in which steam condenses from the environment and supercooled cloudy particles of water settle into a solid state, which provides the necessary effect of fog dispersion.

The disadvantage of this method is that liquefied propane, used as a reagent in a mixture with air in a concentration of from 2.2 to 9.5%, is flammable. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to carry out work related to open fire at a distance of less than 15 m from ground propane installations. In general, all work with ground propane installations should be carried out in full accordance with the existing "Safety Rules in the Gas Industry" (Gostekhnadzor of the USSR, M .: Nedra, 1980).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a method of active effects on hail clouds by burning in the combustion chamber with a neck and a bell of the working composition with the subsequent formation of a shock wave and gas composition directed to the atmospheric environment. [Anti-hail gun with ionizing shock wave and meteorological radar station. Advertising leaflet. PROTOTYPE.]

The method is implemented using an anti-hail gun with an ionizing shock wave, containing a combustion chamber with a neck and a bell, a working composition located in the cavity of the combustion chamber and an associated electric igniter. (The prototype is the same). A photocopy of the prototype is attached.

The conical bell in the device reaches a height of 6 meters. At the base of the combustion chamber there are two openings for supplying air to it, as well as an injector-mixer connected to the cylinder with acetylene, as well as two electrodes for igniting the gas mixture. The device is equipped with an autonomous control system. In the process, air and acetylene gas with a large detonation ability are supplied to the injector mixer. Then, using the electrodes, the mixture is ignited, and gases explode inside the combustion chamber. In this case, the shock wave propagates upward in the form of an elliptical funnel. This creates vibrations that affect the microstructure of the clouds, in which hail does not form and instead rain or wet snow falls.

The disadvantages of the known device include the roar, which accompanies the explosion of the mixture in the working chamber, the complexity and bulkiness of the structure, as well as the need to use a special radar during operation of the device, etc. In addition, when the mixture explodes in the combustion chamber, simultaneously with the shock wave, heated gas with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of air is released into the atmosphere. This gas dissipates in the atmosphere and, being inert with respect to water particles, has no effect on their decay and the processes of fogging.

Other disadvantages of the known method and device include the fact that an explosion of a detonating mixture of air with acetylene is used to create a shock wave. Explosions of such a mixture have problems ensuring the safety of staff.

And the last most serious drawback of the known method and device is the low efficiency of their use for dispersing supercooled and warm mists, the layer thickness of which from the ground is about 200 meters. This is due to the fact that an acoustic shock wave, originally intended to act on hail clouds, has practically no effect on the processes associated with fogging.

The technical result from the use of the claimed technical solution is to increase the efficiency and safety of active effects on supercooled and warm mists.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of active effects on warm and supercooled mists by burning in a combustion chamber equipped with a neck and a conical bell, a working composition with subsequent formation of a shock wave of directional action and a gas composition emitted into the atmosphere, a reagent is introduced into the working composition , when burned, they form an active gas composition interacting with a cloud medium, then from this active gas composition a spinning around second annular torus axis gas, which is ejected through the neck of the combustion chamber to the atmosphere, wherein the gas torus rotation around its annular axis is preferably carried out in a circle, directed from the top through the torus center outwards.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the known device for active exposure to supercooled and warm mists, containing a combustion chamber equipped with a neck and a conical bell, as well as a working composition and an associated electric igniter located in the cavity of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is made in in the form of a flask, while the working composition is made in the form of a pyrotechnic checker containing the active substance, for example silver iodide, and is placed along the axis of the combustion chamber in the central part of its base .

Silver iodide is used when exposed to cold mists. For exposure to warm mists, for example, compositions based on alkali metal nitrate and magnesium powder according to RF patent No. 2090548 can be used as a reagent.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a device that implements a method of active effects on warm and supercooled mists.

The device comprises a combustion chamber 1 with a neck 2 and a conical bell 3. The combustion chamber is made in the form of a bulb, the walls of which have an oval profile. To ensure the necessary stability, the device at the bottom contains support racks 4, equipped with fastening elements to a concrete or wooden base. The combustion chamber 1 contains a nozzle 5 at the base through which a pyrotechnic block 6 containing a pyrotechnic composition 7 including an active substance, for example silver iodide, is introduced into the cavity of the combustion chamber 1 using a bayonet or threaded connection (not shown in the drawing). The pyrotechnic checker 6 also contains an electric igniter 8 connected via a conductive cable 9 to the control panel (the panel is not shown in the drawing).

Using this device, the proposed method of active effects on warm and supercooled mists is implemented as follows.

Before using the device, a pyrotechnic checker is inserted into the combustion chamber 1 through the nozzle 5 from below and fixed using a bayonet or threaded connection. Then the electric cable 9 is connected to the control panel.

When exposed to fog using a control panel, an electric pulse is supplied to the electric igniter 8, which ignites the pyrotechnic composition 7. In this case, the pyrotechnic composition 7 burns out in a pulsed mode almost instantly and without detonation, i.e. there is no explosion as such. The resulting gases, expanding, interact with the inner side surface of the combustion chamber 1. The oval profile of the combustion chamber 1 inhibits the movement of the gas flow in the wall layer in the direction toward the outlet, while in the direction along the central axis there is a free outward release of gas jets. As a result, twisted, i.e. the gas torus 11 rotating around its own annular axis 10. In this case, the effect of the rotation of the gas torus 11 around the axis 10 is higher, the greater the difference in gas velocities in the wall layer and in the layer directed upward along the central axis. The rotating gas torus 11 containing active smoke is less in specific gravity than the specific gravity of the surrounding air, since it is heated and as a result rushes upward, moving in a layer of fog. As the gas torus 11 moves up, it loses energy into the environment and gradually erodes, leaving behind a plume of active particles interacting with water particles of fog, thus causing the necessary effect of their dispersion.

The gas torus 11 discharged through the neck 2 of the combustion chamber 1 into the atmosphere is essentially a transport and distribution means for active particles. The rotation of the gas torus 11 around its own annular axis 10 (shown in the drawing by circular arrows) provides its necessary stability for a long time, thereby ensuring the delivery of the reagent over significant (up to 200 and above meters) distances up. The direction of movement of the gas torus 11 in the drawing is shown by a vertical arrow.

The necessary stability of the gas torus 11 is also largely ensured by the fact that when it is rotated according to the adopted scheme, Magnus “P” forces act on it, which keep the gas torus from spreading in the radial direction.

Thus, the proposed method and device for its implementation can significantly increase the effectiveness of active impacts on warm and supercooled mists by providing prompt delivery and distribution of the reagent in the cloud layer with simple and reliable means. This reduces the safety of work, since there is no need to use various detonating explosive compositions.

The method and device can be widely used for active impacts on warm and supercooled mists in order to provide favorable meteorological conditions for the reliable operation of airports and road transport communications.

The method and device can be implemented in two versions: stationary version and mobile version.

In the first case, a certain number of devices are placed at points located along the line of influence, at a given distance from the runway of airports. In the second case (mobile version), the devices are placed on a motor vehicle moving along a given route at the same distance running along a line bordering the runway.

Claims (2)

1. The method of active influence on warm and supercooled mists by burning in a combustion chamber equipped with a neck and a conical bell, a working composition with the subsequent formation of a shock wave of directional action and a gas composition emitted into the atmosphere, characterized in that the reagent is introduced into the working composition, when the combustion of which produces an active gas composition interacting with the cloud, then from the active gas composition a gas torus rotating around its own ring axis is formed, which in ejected through the neck of the combustion chamber into the atmosphere, while the rotation of the gas torus around its own annular axis is carried out mainly in a circle directed from the center of the torus through the top out. 2. A device for active influence on warm and supercooled mists, comprising a combustion chamber provided with a neck and a conical bell, a working composition located in the cavity of the combustion chamber, and an associated igniter, characterized in that the combustion chamber is made in the form of a bulb, while working the composition is made in the form of a pyrotechnic checker containing the active substance, for example silver iodide, and is placed along the axis of the combustion chamber in the central part of its base.