RU2348530C2 - Baler press for plastic bottle wastes packing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: baler press for plastic bottle wastes packing consists of a weld fabricated vertically positioned housing with a feed bin and a powered device for plastic bottles compaction mounted beneath the feed bin. The pressure chamber and the movable plate mounted on the hydraulic-cylinder rods are arranged within the press housing lower and upper zones accordingly. On the housing front wall there is a door arranged which acts as the pressure chamber wall when closed. Prior to formation of a packet bandaging material is laid in the press bottom grooves. Compaction over, the packet produced is bundled up. The compaction device is designed to consist of a housing with a tray, the housing accommodating a pinned drum and a pin roll mounted so that to enable their rotation in opposite directions. The pins are arranged at an angle relative to the drum surface. The pins on the drum and the roll surfaces are arranged chequer-wise.

EFFECT: improvement of the press performance characteristics and operational reliability.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the recycling of consumer plastic waste in the form of various bottles.

Many presses for compacting waste are known.

So, for example, a press [1] is known for packaging waste household waste, it includes a punch moving in a horizontal pressing chamber. Waste into the chamber is loaded from above through the loading hatch. The press is characterized in that the finished pressed waste bag is removed from the pressing chamber in a direction perpendicular to the pressing direction through the side pivoting wall of the chamber. The press is equipped with a pusher of a finished pressed waste package containing a displacement plate driven by a hydraulic cylinder.

A device for compacting waste [2] is known, which includes a box in the shape of a parallelepiped, in the upper part of which a punch is mounted. The punch includes a horizontal plate moving in a vertical plane along the rails using hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders. The lower part of the body is equipped with two vertical doors with lockable leaves and a loading nozzle. Waste into the device comes through the loading pipe under the punch plate. After loading a portion of the waste, the punch is lowered and presses the mass of waste underneath. After several such cycles, the space under the punch is filled with a compressed briquette, which is removed through openings in the lower part of the device with the doors open for this.

These devices do not allow to press polymer bottles with a screwed cap, since a large volume of air enclosed in closed bottles leads to the appearance of large breaking forces and after the pressure is removed, the mass of bottles will assume the previous volume.

A device for sealing and destroying plastic bottles [3], which contains one or more pairs of sealing rolls and a cutting mechanism. Bottles are passed between the rolls and creased. A design feature is the combined effect of mechanical forces and temperature on the processed bottles. For this, one of each pair of rolls is heated to the softening temperature of the material.

A device [4] is known which is intended for the disposal of plastic bottles by flattening them between the rollers under the combined action of mechanical forces and heating to the softening temperature of the plastic. Flattened bottles are then ground using a knife cutter. A design feature is the toothed surface of the cylinders, which facilitates crushing of the container and its supply to the cutting mechanism.

A device for preparing plastic waste for recycling [5] is known, the basis of which is a flat horizontal table, along the edges of which endless chains with fixed transverse leads are moved. At one end of the table is a hopper with a supply of bottles. Leashes are captured and transported to a dispenser in a certain position with a flat bottom plate, which is held at a certain distance from the table surface by the force of the springs. The bottles, laid in one layer, are then cut with spring-loaded knives at the exit end of the table.

Devices [3], [4] and [5] are not intended for packaging waste bottles, they serve to flatten the bottles and their further grinding.

The closest known among the technical essence and the achieved result is a baling press for waste in the form of plastic bottles [6], containing a welded vertical casing with a loading hopper, a bottle crushing device with a drive installed under the loading hopper, a movable plate located in the upper zone case, and a pressing chamber located in the lower zone of the case, wherein the press is made with a bottom having grooves for accommodating strapping twine or wire.

This press allows you to press plastic bottles with a screwed cap, but with lower productivity, because pressing is carried out in several stages, i.e. feeding bottles, crushing, and then pressing the bag.

The objective of the present invention is the creation of a more productive and more reliable packaging press for pressing waste plastic bottles (for example, from PET) with a screw cap and open bottles in bags in order to simplify the storage and transportation of bottle waste.

The task is achieved in that the proposed press is made with a vertical body of a welded structure. A pressing chamber is located in the lower zone of the housing. The bottom of the pressing chamber is lifted from one edge to facilitate removal of the finished bag. In the upper zone is placed a movable plate mounted on the rods of hydraulic cylinders. The plate moves up and down along the guide. Bottle waste is loaded and pressed in a cyclic mode. After loading a portion of the waste, the movable plate lowers and compresses the portion of waste underneath. After several such cycles, the space under the slab is filled with a compressed bag. When the package reaches the specified overall dimensions and density, the package is strapped with twine or wire and the package is removed from the press. A door is provided in the front wall of the housing in the closed position, which is the wall of the pressing chamber. Twine or wire is laid before each bundle is formed in special grooves, on the bottom of the body. After pressing the bag into place with a special grip, the twine or wire is pulled to the other side of the press through the grooves of the movable plate, the press door is opened and the ends of the twine are twisted together or the ends of the wire are twisted. After that, the plate rises, one end of the bottom is lifted to slip off the package and the package is unloaded from the press.

A distinctive feature of the press is that it is equipped with hydraulic cylinders 2, on the rods of which a movable plate 3 is installed. The housing is made with doors 4 located on its front wall, which in the closed position represent the wall of the pressing chamber (see figure 1), and under the loading the bunker has a crushing device. This device is represented by a housing 21, in which a pallet 22, a drum 12 and a shaft 13 are placed (see FIG. 5). The device is equipped with a drive 6 of rotation of the drum 12 and the shaft 13 (see figure 1, 2). On the surface of the drum 12 along its length, angles 17 are welded evenly around the entire perimeter, on which side there are needles 14. On the surface of the shaft 13 are fixed teeth 20. The rotation of the drum 12 and the shaft 13 is carried out in different directions from one drive, while the rotation frequency the shaft 13 is at least three times the rotational speed of the drum 12. The needles 14 on the surface of the drum 12 and the teeth 20 on the surface of the shaft 13 are staggered, this allows you to puncture and dump all the bottles fed to the press hopper 14 ( look fi .2, 3, 4).

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a general view of a baling press, where 1 is a frame, 2 is a hydraulic cylinder, 3 is a movable plate, 4 is a door, 5 is a crushing device, 6 is a crushing device drive, 7 is a hydraulic station, 8 is a hydraulic distributor, 9 is a rod 10 - bunker, 11 - remote control. Figure 2 shows 12 - drum with a device for crushing and puncturing, 13 - shaft. Figure 3 is a side view of the drum, where 14 is the needle, 15 is the nut, 16 is the boss, 17 is the corner, 18 is the cylinder. Figure 4 shows a side view of the shaft, where 19 is a cylinder, 20 is a tooth. Figure 5 shows 12 - drum, 13 - shaft, 21 - the housing, the upper housing cover is removed, 22 - the pallet. Figure 6 shows a cross section of the crushing device (the upper housing cover is removed), where 12 is a drum, 13 is a shaft, 21 is a housing, 22 is a pallet.

The press operates as follows. First, twine or wire and a sheet of cardboard or plywood are laid in special grooves on the bottom of the press. Bottles with and without screwed caps are loaded into the loading hopper of the press 10. When you turn on the drive of the squeezing device 6, the bottles from the hopper fall into the gap between the drum 12 and the pallet 22 of the squeezing device, are punctured by the needles 14 of the drum 12 and wrinkled in the gap between the pallet 22 and the drum 12. Then the wrinkled bottles are discarded from the needles 14 of the drum 12 by the teeth of the shaft 20 13, which rotates in the opposite direction and with a higher speed compared to the drum 12. When dropping, the bottles are fed into the lower zone of the press — the pressing chamber, where the doors 4 are the one face wall and then pressed by the movable plate 3, the movement of which echivaetsya cylinders 2. After pressing portions bottles movable plate 3 rises, the drive device is switched crumpling 6, wherein in the compression chamber is applied, another portion of the bottles, and again pressed. And so on until the package of bottles reaches the established overall dimensions and density. After that, a sheet of cardboard or plywood is laid on top of the bag and the movable plate is lowered and the bag is pressed. When the movable plate is lowered by a special grip, the twine (or wire) is pulled to the other side through the grooves of this plate, the press door is opened and the twine ends are manually linked or the ends of the wire twisted. Then the movable plate and one edge of the bottom rise and the finished bag slides outward on the bottom.

When pressing PET bottles on a press, a package of 0.66 × 0.5 × 0.6 m is obtained, the weight of such a package is 45-55 kg, the number of bottles in a package is from 900 to 1300 pcs.

Information sources

1. Application Germany No. 19600039, cl. B30B 9/30, claimed 01/02/96, publ. 07/03/97.

2. US Patent No. 5690025, cl. B30B 9/30, claimed 01.16.96, publ. 11/25/97.

3. Application France No. 2711574, cl. B30B 9/00, claimed 06/14/94, publ. 05/05/95.

4. Application France No. 2711552, cl. B02C 18/28, claimed 10.22.93, publ. 05/05/95.

5. Application Germany No. 19613634, cl. B29B 17/02, claimed 04/04/96, publ. 10/09/97.

6. Application Switzerland No. 2004115634, cl. B30B 9/30, claimed 10.16.2002, publ. 06/10/2005 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A baling press for waste in the form of plastic bottles containing a welded vertical casing with a loading hopper, a bottle-crushing device with a drive installed under the loading hopper, a movable plate located in the upper zone of the housing and a pressing chamber located in the lower zone of the housing, with the press bottom made with grooves to accommodate strapping twine or wire, characterized in that it is equipped with hydraulic cylinders, on the rods of which a movable plate is installed, the body is made with its front wall with a door, which in the closed position represents the wall of the pressing chamber, and the bottle-squeezing device is made in the form of a casing with a pallet and placed in the casing with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions of the drum with needles located on its surface for piercing and crushing the bottles and shaft with with teeth located on its surface for tearing the bottles from the drum needles and dropping them into the pressing chamber, while the drum needles and shaft teeth are staggered, the needles are set us an angle to the surface of the drum at the corners welded thereto disposed on length of the drum and evenly along the entire perimeter, and the shaft is rotatably mounted with a frequency exceeding the rotational frequency of the drum.

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