RU2348467C1 - Vibroactuator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: vibroactuator structure comprises rotary unbalanced weights - eccentric weights that create mechanical harmonic oscillations of circular or directed action in devices. Combination of two or three vibrators of circular or directed actions is created in monoblock with equal amplitudes of disturbing forces and multiple rotational frequencies as 1:2 or 1:2:3 with location of eccentric weights in single plane of rotation and initially in the same phases.

EFFECT: mechanism ability to impart vibration-forward motion to solid body from action of internal inertial forces of rotary unbalanced weights in process of interaction with forces of environment resistance.

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Description

The invention relates to a class of machines for exciting mechanical vibrations, and more particularly to inertial vibrators, a characteristic feature of which is the presence in the design of rotating unbalanced masses - unbalances.

Mechanical vibrating vibrators are structurally subdivided into single and multi-mass, simple and self-centering, with a constant and adjustable value of the force and frequency of oscillations.

However, only inertial vibrators with one rotating unbalance in circular vibrators and with two identical unbalances rotating in opposite directions in directional vibrators found the widest application in technology.

These vibrators, operating at medium speeds, are able to create large disturbing forces at small dimensions and cause circular or reciprocating harmonic oscillations in the mechanisms and structures, i.e. oscillations symmetric in amplitude (see Kozhevnikov S.N., Esipnko Ya.I., Raskyan Ya.M. Mechanisms. "Mechanical Engineering", Moscow, 1965).

The objective of the present invention is to provide a mechanism capable of giving a solid body a vibratory-translational motion from the action of internal inertial forces of rotating unbalanced masses when interacting with resistance forces of the external environment.

This goal is achieved by creating a combination of two or three circular or directional vibrators in a monoblock with equal amplitudes of disturbing forces and multiple rotation frequencies, such as 1: 2 or 1: 2: 3, with unbalances located in one rotation plane and initially in the same phases. In this case, the addition of the maxima of the disturbing forces of all the vibrators in one direction occurs.

The principle of operation of the vibrator is that when the disturbing forces of the vibrators with the same amplitude and multiple frequency are added, beats occur, i.e. oscillations with periodically changing amplitude and frequency equal to the rotational speed of the slowest vibrator. Oscillations become inharmonious. In the forward direction, the total “large” disturbing force of the vibrators acts, and in the backward direction, the “small” force is approximately equal to the disturbing force of one of the vibrators. A large force acts for a short time, and a small force lasts a longer time. Therefore, the vectors of impulses of forces in the forward and backward directions are equal to each other and opposite in sign. Such internal forces cannot bring the center of gravity of the system of material points out of balance, but can only give him oscillatory motion. But, interacting with the forces of resistance of the external environment, the "big force" overcomes them and its excess gives the mass of the machine itself or its working body forward movement. And in the backward direction, the "small force" is extinguished by the forces of resistance of the environment.

The effectiveness of the vibrator can be significantly increased by decreasing the resistance of the external environment in the forward direction and increasing in the backward direction by changing the geometric shapes of the moving apparatus or working body of the vibration unit.

Figure 1 shows in two projections the kinematic diagram of a circular vibrator of two unbalances rotating in the same direction.

Figure 2 shows its total vector diagram of perturbing inertial forces. Rotation angles in degrees are indicated per revolution of the slowest vibrator.

The list of elements in the kinematic diagram:

1, 2 - unbalances;

3 - driven shaft;

4 - drive shaft;

5, 6 - gears;

7 - bearings in the vibrator housing;

8 - bearing on the driven shaft.

Conventions in the diagram:

Fu ^max - maximum disturbing force of the vibrators;

Ftr is the resistance force of the external environment;

Fdv is the driving force implying translational motion.

Figure 3 shows in two projections the kinematic diagram of a circular vibrator of three unbalances, rotating in different directions. Figure 4 shows its vector diagram of perturbing inertial forces. Rotation angles in degrees are indicated per revolution of the slowest vibrator.

The list of elements in the kinematic diagram:

1, 2, 9 - unbalances;

4 - drive shaft;

3, 10 - driven shafts;

7 - bearings in the vibrator housing;

5, 6 - gears.

The legend on the diagram is the same as in figure 2.

Figure 5 shows in two projections the kinematic diagram of a directional vibrator of four unbalances, rotating in different directions. Figure 6 shows its detailed vector diagram of perturbing inertial forces per revolution of the slowest vibrator.

The list of elements in the kinematic diagram:

1, 2, 9, 11 - unbalances;

4 - drive shaft;

7 - bearings in the vibrator housing;

3 - driven shaft;

5, 6, 12 - gears.

The legend on the diagram is the same as in figure 2.

Figure 7 shows in two projections a kinematic diagram of a directional vibrator of six unbalances rotating in different directions. Figure 8 shows its detailed vector diagram of perturbing inertial forces per revolution of the slowest vibrator.

The list of elements in the kinematic diagram:

1, 2, 9, 13, 14, 15 - unbalances;

4 - drive shaft;

3, 10 - driven shafts;

7 - bearings in the vibrator housing;

5, 6, 12, 16, 17 - gears.

The legend on the diagram is the same as in figure 2.

Multiple speeds of vibrators are provided by gears.

Equally large disturbing centrifugal forces of vibrators are achieved under the following conditions:

where F, m, e, w is the centrifugal force, unbalance mass, eccentricity and angular rotation speed of the slowest vibrator.

The magnitude of the driving force that informs the working machine of the translational motion is defined in the attached diagrams as the difference between the total disturbing force of the vibrators and the resistance force of the external environment.

The greatest efficiency of the impact of the vibrator on the medium is possible at low and medium frequencies of rotation of the vibrators. In high-frequency machines, damping factors may occur.

The present invention is pioneering. Using the unique properties of such a combination of vibrators, it is possible to create a number of new machines and installations useful in the national economy.

1. For example, apply as a mover of children's toys such as "Emelya on the stove." The stove will move smoothly on the floor on its sole.

2. Using the vibration motor in question, it will be possible to create a pedal boat without propellers and wheels, as well as a more comfortable snowmobile with a heated cabin and vibration motors mounted directly on skis.

3. Vibration drive in agriculture can find wider application when introducing a more promising method of cultivating the land - subsurface plowing, i.e. cultivating arable land to a depth of half a meter with multi-tier plane cutters. By installing a circular vibrator on each ploughshare of the plow and thereby giving the ploskorez a vibratory-translational movement, it will be possible to significantly reduce soil resistance and improve the quality of plowing.

4. It is also possible application of the invention in space technology. Due to gravity, a person on earth is accustomed to a rush of blood in the body to his legs. In zero gravity, blood is evenly distributed in the body and this unnatural state causes some discomfort. To return the astronaut to terrestrial conditions can the proposed vibroengine. A small installation attached to shoes can drive blood to the legs. In this case, a living organism is considered conditionally as a vessel filled with liquid, and there is liquid-viscous friction between the liquid and the walls of the vessel.

In addition, when growing plants in space, the periodic pushing of boxes with crops sharply up and smoothly down by a vibrator can remind plants of gravity and the direction of growth.

5. The use of this invention is also possible to improve the technical and mechanical characteristics of existing vibration machines, installations and hand-held vibration tools.

Claims (1)

A vibration motor containing rotating unbalanced masses in the structure - unbalances that create mechanical harmonic oscillations of circular or directed action in devices, characterized in that in order to create a mechanism capable of giving a solid body a vibrational-translational motion from the action of the internal inertial forces of rotating unbalanced masses in interaction with forces of the environment, creates in a monoblock a combination of two or three vibrators of circular or directional action together with equal amplitudes of disturbing forces and multiple rotational frequencies as 1: 2 or 1: 2: 3 with the location of the unbalance in one plane of rotation and in identical initial phases.

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