RU2347621C1 - Ore processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: ore processing method includes getting the ore in mining, stage-by-stage ore crushing, sizing the crushed ore, isolating off-grade and dead rocks using a lump-by-lump X-ray spectral sorting and small-batch X-ray spectral sorting. Note here that the dressed ore batch is subjected to additional crushing along with screening in a closed-loop cycle. The dressed ore additionally crushed, screening is used to extract fine traction for subsequent dressing in a separate cycle with consecutive application of vibro concentration and small-batch X-ray spectral sorting. Refuse ore resulted from the said small-batch X-ray spectral sorting is transferred into calm bank, while the dressed product is recrushed and sent back for vibro concentration. The dressed product of vibro concentration is sent to electric separation. The electric separation tailings are subjected to screening. The screening oversize products are recrushed together with the dressed product of small-batch X-ray spectral sorting of a separate cycle, while the oversize product of screening is sent to calm bank. The dressed product of electric separation is subjected to air separation with preliminary fractionation into intermediate grain-size category.

EFFECT: higher-efficiency of extraction, better ecology, lower costs of dressing.

4 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing, in particular to the processing of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals, and can be used in the processing of other types of ore and non-metallic materials.

A known method of processing ores, including excavation of ore during mining operations, stage-by-stage crushing of ore in crushers, separation of crushed ore into size classes, separation of its substandard part and waste rock from crushed classified ore / 1 /.

The disadvantages of the method / 1 / include the lack of the necessary completeness and sequence of operations to increase the extraction of useful components of the entire range of fineness.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of ore processing, including ore extraction during mining operations, stage-by-stage crushing of ore in crushers, separation of crushed ore into size classes, separation of its substandard part and waste rock from crushed classified ore using piecewise X-ray spectral separation and finely proportioned x-ray spectral sorting, while the enriched part of the ore is mined in crushers in a closed cycle with screening / 2 /.

Method / 2 / is not without drawbacks inherent in the method / 1 /. It also does not have the necessary completeness and sequence of operations to increase the extraction of the useful component of the entire range of fineness.

The aim of the invention is to improve and reduce the cost of technology for the enrichment of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals, as well as other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials, increase the extraction of useful component by improving the conditions for its disclosure and enrichment, as well as increase the environmental safety of the processing of these and other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of processing ores, including ore extraction during mining operations, stage-by-stage crushing of ore in crushers, separation of crushed ore into size classes, separation of its substandard part and gangue from crushed classified ore using piecewise X-ray spectral separation and finely proportioned x-ray spectral sorting, while the enriched part of the ore is finished in crushers in a closed cycle with screening, after the completion of the enriched part of the ore from n it is isolated by screening a small fraction for subsequent enrichment in a separate cycle with sequential use of vibration concentration and fine-weighted X-ray spectral sorting, while the tailings of this fine-weighted X-ray spectral sorting are sent to the dump, and the enriched product is refined and returned to the vibration concentration, the electric concentration is concentrated to the tailings subjected to screening, while the oversize screening product is finished with together with the enriched product of small-scale x-ray spectral sorting of a separate cycle, and the under-sieve screening product is sent to a dump, the enriched product of electroseparation is subjected to air separation with its preliminary fractionation into intermediate size classes, vibroconcentration is carried out using cross-cutting operations, fine-proportioned x-ray spectral sorting is carried out with enrichment products are carried out in the mode of centrifugal ud Nogo destruction.

When creating the invention, the authors proceeded from the following.

In ore processing, the loss of a useful component, sometimes very significant, begins even before the ore arrives at the processing plant, namely, during mining operations in dumps of substandard ores. The loss of the useful component during mining can sometimes be several times higher than the loss of the useful component with the tailings of the processing plants [1].

The presence in the ore of waste rock and its substandard part, which is inevitable when the ore is directly supplied from a quarry (slaughter) to a factory or through a mine of extracted ore, contributes to an increase in the loss of a useful component with dump tailings of concentration plants. Ore dilution of waste ore and its substandard part significantly increases the concentration limit and leads to a decrease in its technical and economic indicators.

The process of preconcentration of ores allows to exclude or significantly weaken the effect of the above negative factors in the processing of ores. To reduce the cost of ore processing, it is advisable to carry out the preconcentration operation “on board” the quarry, removing the waste rock from the ore mass as much as possible and at the same time most fully extracting the useful component from the substandard part of the ore, which is sent to the dump during selective mining. In this case, a better ore will be supplied to the processing plant in much smaller volumes and with the largest amount of useful component provided by eliminating or minimizing its losses during mining operations.

Depending on the application of a particular beneficiation method, the types of ore preconcentration can be very different. But the most economical and effective, according to the authors, may turn out x-ray spectral separation, small-portion x-ray spectral sorting and vibration concentration, allowing the most selective preconcentration in its “dry” form “on board” the quarry. Possible loss of a useful component with tails of X-ray spectral sorting (loss of the method) can be eliminated by vibroconcentration with the separation of the useful component in a separate enriched product and its subsequent refinement using electric separation and air separation.

It is also rational to carry out ore preparation for these processes of anhydrous enrichment using dry and effective methods for revealing a useful component, such as, for example, screw-gear and centrifugal-impact crushing and grinding.

The preconcentration of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals with consistent use of processes based on various physical methods of beneficiation, in particular, X-ray spectral, gravitational and electrical, improves the reliability of the extraction of useful components, since in this case the technological “method losses” are compensated.

The following is a specific example of the implementation of the proposed method of ore processing.

The method is implemented during mining operations on the "board" of the quarry, as well as on mobile modular plants or in stationary processing plants.

During mining operations, gross extraction of all ore is carried out: conditioned and substandard. On the “board”, the ore quarry is crushed to a fineness of -50 mm with a control screening and sifted into classes: -50 + 20 mm, -20 + 10 mm and -10 mm. After sieving, products with a particle size of -50 + 20 mm and -20 + 10 mm are sent to a piecewise X-ray spectral separation, and material with a particle size of less than 10 mm is sent to a small-portion X-ray spectral sorting. If necessary, the processing of the conditioned and substandard parts of the ore can be carried out separately.

The enriched product of X-ray spectral separation and fine-proportioned X-ray spectral sorting is sent to crushing in centrifugal impact crushers operating in a closed cycle with screens for ore sieving. At the same time, a fine (less than 10 mm) fraction is isolated from the crushed product by screening for subsequent enrichment in a separate cycle with successive use of vibration concentration, fine-ratio x-ray spectral sorting, as well as electric and air separation. The tails of this stage of small-scale X-ray spectral sorting are sent to the dump. These tails can also be an additional commercial product when used in the form of crushed stone for paving, in construction, or as filling material for mining.

The enriched product of this stage of small-scale X-ray spectral sorting is sent for further processing to centrifugal impact crushers and, after the additional processing, is returned to vibration concentration.

The enriched vibroconcentration product is sent to electroseparation. The tailings of the electric separation are screened with the aim of introducing coarse-grained aggregates of ore and a useful component into the oversize product and directing them for completion for more complete disclosure of these components of useful components. The under-screening product is sent to the blade. The refinement of the oversize product is carried out in conjunction with the enriched product of small-portion X-ray spectral sorting of a single cycle.

The enriched product of electric separation is subjected to air separation with its preliminary fractionation into particle size classes: -2 + 0.5 mm, -0.5 + 0.2 mm, -0.2 + 0.05 mm and-0.05 mm.

The enriched vibroconcentration product, in order to minimize material, undergoes a roughing operation of vibroconcentration. In order to reduce the yield of concentrate, the number of cleaning operations of vibroconcentration can be several, with different operating parameters.

In order to obtain tails with a dump content of a useful component, small-portion X-ray spectral sorting is carried out using treatment operations.

The completion of the enrichment products is carried out in the mode of centrifugal impact destruction.

Obtaining coarse-grained “dry” tailings in many respects solves the problem of their storage, excluding the construction of typical settling tailings, which occupy large areas. In this, environmental problems are largely resolved positively.

Thus, the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype will improve and reduce the cost of the technology for the enrichment of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals, as well as other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials, increase the recovery of the useful component by improving the conditions for its disclosure and enrichment, as well as increase environmental safety of processing these and other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials.

Sources of information taken into account

1. Novikov V.V. and others. "Unconventional technology of mining ore deposits." Ore dressing, 1992, p. 4-12.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2304024 "Method for processing gold-bearing ores" / MN Zlobin, VV Novikov, VV Rudakov and others, Bull. N 22, 2007, (prototype).

Claims (4)

1. A method of ore processing, including ore extraction during mining operations, stage-by-stage crushing of ore in crushers, separation of crushed ore into size classes, separation of its substandard part and gangue from crushed classified ore using piecewise x-ray spectral separation and fine-ratio x-ray spectral sorting, while enriched part of the ore is finished in crushers in a closed cycle with screening, characterized in that after the completion of the enriched part of the ore is extracted from it in the middle by screening, the fine fraction for subsequent enrichment in a separate cycle with sequential use of vibration concentration and fine-ratio x-ray spectral sorting, while the tailings of this fine-proportioning x-ray spectral sorting are sent to the dump, and the enriched product is refined and returned to the vibration concentration, the enriched product is electrically concentrated to reduce the concentration while the over-screening product is finished together with enriched nym product melkoportsionnoy separate X-ray spectral sorting cycle, and the undersize product is fed to the screening blades enriched product is subjected to air separation elektroseparatsii with preliminary fractionation intermediate size classes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration concentration is carried out using cleaning operations. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the small-portion X-ray spectral sorting is carried out using cleaning operations. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the completion of the enrichment products is carried out in the mode of centrifugal impact destruction.