RU2329869C1 - Method of enrichment of natural resources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of enrichment of natural resources, particularly to enrichment of virgin, non-ferrous and rare metal ores and can be used for processing of other kinds of metallic and non-metallic raw materials. The method of enrichment of natural resources includes crushing of ore in breakers in a closed cycle with screening, extraction of minerals of higher density out of crushed ore, removal of gangue material and light mineral fractions into the dump. Prior to the crushing operation ore is subject to pre-breaking by high-contrast and high-temperature heat treatment by the flow of incandescent gases or superheated steam. Minerals of increased density are extracted out of crushed ore by at least two-stage vibroconcentration with subsequent removal of gangue material and light mineral fractions into the dump. At the first stage of vibroconcentration mineral fractions of higher density are subject to at least two-stage recleaning vibroconcentration with obtaining concentrate and middling products. Middling products of recleaning operations are subject to grinding together with mineral fractions of higher density obtained at control stages of vibroconcentration. Prior to the grinding operation the material is subject to pre-breaking in the same way as prior to the crushing operation. The ground material is delivered to the main operation of vibroconcentration; after recleaning operations concentrate is delivered for aftertreatment.

EFFECT: increased extraction of the commercial component and increase of ecological safety of processing natural resources.

5 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing, in particular to the processing of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals, and can be used in the processing of other types of ore and non-metallic materials.

A known method of extracting diamonds from ores, including grinding the ore and fractioning it by size, extracting diamonds with subsequent tailings to the dump, before grinding the ore, it is crushed to a particle size exceeding the size of diamond crystals, the extraction of diamonds from the crushed ore is carried out by means of vibroconcentration, the tailings of which are directed to the dump [1].

The disadvantages of the method [1] include the lack of the necessary completeness and sequence of operations to increase the extraction of the useful component of the entire range of fineness in the enrichment of other types of ore raw materials, in particular ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals. Despite the use in the method [1] of an effective process of vibroconcentration, in general, this method is quite complicated in practical execution.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of extraction of diamonds from ores, including grinding of ore and its fractionation by size, extraction of a useful component with subsequent removal of the tailings to the dump, prior to the concentration of the crushed ore, it is pre-concentrated with the return of tailings of the vibroconcentration to grinding in a closed cycle, the tailings of the vibroconcentration are sent to the dump [2].

Method [2] is more effective than method [1]. However, it is not without drawbacks inherent in the method [1]. It also does not have the necessary completeness and sequence of operations to increase the extraction of the useful component of the entire range of fineness in the enrichment of other types of raw materials, in particular ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals.

The aim of the invention is to improve and reduce the cost of technology for the enrichment of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals, as well as other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials, increase the extraction of useful component by improving the conditions for its disclosure and enrichment, as well as increase the environmental safety of the processing of these and other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the method of mineral processing, including crushing ore in crushers in a closed cycle with screening, separation of high density minerals from crushed ore, removal of gangue and light minerals into the dump, is subjected to pre-destruction by highly contrast and high-temperature heat treatment by a stream of hot gases or superheated steam, the allocation of high density minerals from crushed ore is carried out by, for m at least two-stage vibroconcentration with subsequent removal of waste rock and light mineral fractions into the dump, while the mineral fraction of high density of the primary stage of vibroconcentration is subjected to at least two-stage cross-section vibroconcentration to obtain concentrate and intermediate products, intermediate products of roughing operations are subjected to grinding together with the mineral fraction increased density of the control stages of vibroconcentration, before the grinding operation, the material is subjected to pre-separation to the solution, similar to ore prefracture before the crushing operation, the crushed material is sent to the main vibroconcentration operation, the concentrate after cleaning operations is sent to refinement, ore crushing and grinding of industrial products is carried out in the centrifugal impact mode, ore and industrial products are crushed by means of high contrast and high temperature heat treatment a stream of hot gases or superheated steam is carried out in conjunction with magnetic pulse processing acting on the sweat material, either simultaneously with high contrast and high temperature heat treatment, or immediately after it, the tail product of the primary stage of vibroconcentration is subjected to similar pre-fracture and grinding in the centrifugal-impact fracture mode, the concentrates are refined by deep grinding of the material and subsequent removal of associated minerals into the dump in the form of fine fractions.

When creating the invention, the authors proceeded from the following.

It is rational to carry out the extraction of a useful component from crushed ore in a “dry” form using vibroconcentration.

It is also rational to carry out ore preparation for these processes of anhydrous enrichment using dry and effective methods for revealing a useful component, such as, for example, screw-gear and centrifugal-impact crushing and grinding.

The process of vibroconcentration passed industrial testing in the enrichment of diamond ores. The prerequisites for its practical application in diamond extraction plants were as follows.

Before luminescent, gravitational and flotation enrichment and sticky separation, it was economically feasible to carry out a preliminary concentration of the material in a heavy fraction, and especially in diamonds, which can be carried out using an enrichment operation, combining it with screening, given that when the layer of diamond-containing material is vibrated, diamond crystals having a higher density and at the same time a significantly lower coefficient of surface friction with respect to minerals of waste rock, stra They are likely to occupy the lowest level in this layer. On the sowing surface of the vibrating screen, a special concentration element was fixed, made in the form of a ribbed coating with transverse ribs, having a longitudinal groove, the inner cavity of which at the lower level was interfaced with intercostal cavities through lateral openings. A slope was created for the transverse ribs in the direction of the longitudinal groove, and the ribs were tilted to the loading side. The usual screen, designed for sieving the material (and continuing to fulfill its direct function), was converted into an enrichment apparatus that does not require any additional energy and operating costs. It became a rumble-concentrator, the over-sieve product of which began to be issued in the form of two products: concentrate and tail (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2234982 "Roar-concentrator" / M.N. Zlobin et al. Bull. 2004, No. 24).

During the operation of such a screening concentrator, the source material containing diamonds was fed to the sowing surface, moving along which the material was distributed evenly over the entire width due to vibrations of the screen and sieve, and fine fractions were sifted out of it. At the same time, the vibrating layer of the material entered the concentration element, where the material was separated by density and surface friction of its mineral particles. Heavier mineral grains and diamonds occupied the lowest position in the vibrating layer of the material and along the intercostal cavities, sliding along the ribs, moved to the longitudinal groove, entered through the side holes and then along this groove due to screen vibrations were sent to the receiver for the concentrate.

Industrial tests of the vibroconcentration process were carried out at the largest diamond extraction plant No. 12 of AK ALROSA using SVEDALA screens, with a sowing surface of 2000 × 6000 mm and a sieve mesh size of 5 × 5 mm, which were equipped with concentration elements. The extraction of diamonds was controlled by introducing radioactive indicator diamonds with a grain size of -8 + 6.7 mm into the power of the screening hub. During industrial tests, three trials were carried out, in each of which 20 such indicator diamonds were introduced into the power of the screening hub. The test results are positive and recorded by the act of industrial testing.

Taking into account that the difference in the specific gravities of native, non-ferrous and rare metals and host rocks exceeds this difference between diamonds and kimberlite ores, one should hope for positive results of using vibration concentration in the enrichment of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals, as well as other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials in which the useful component has an increased density.

This method of mineral processing can be applied in the processing of ores and placer raw materials in frozen form during the frosty season in areas with harsh climates and permafrost.

The following is a specific example of the implementation of the proposed method for processing ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals.

The method is implemented during mining operations on the "board" of the quarry, as well as on mobile modular plants or in stationary processing plants.

On the “board”, the ore quarry is crushed to a particle size of minus 50 mm in auger-gear crushers, and then in centrifugal impact crushers to a particle size of minus 10 mm with a control screening and preliminary softening.

The softening of the ore is carried out by means of a pulsed high-contrast and high-temperature heat treatment by a stream of hot gases or superheated steam (possibly together with a magnetic-pulse treatment acting on the material flow, or simultaneously with a high-contrast and high-temperature heat treatment, or immediately after it) .

Material with a particle size of less than 10 mm is sent to vibroconcentration, the tails of which are crushed in centrifugal impact mills with a similar preliminary softening, and then undergo control one- or two-stage vibroconcentration.

Tails after the control stages of vibration concentration are sent to the dump. These tails can serve as an additional marketable product when adding roads and during construction.

The intermediate products of cleaning operations are subjected to centrifugal impact grinding together with a mineral fraction of increased density of the control stages of vibration concentration. Before this centrifugal impact grinding operation, the material is also subjected to pre-fracture, similar to centrifugal impact grinding. The crushed industrial products are returned to the main operation of vibroconcentration.

The concentrate after cleaning operations vibroconcentration is sent for refinement. Finishing of concentrates with a useful component with higher hardness and strength is carried out by deep grinding of the material and subsequent removal of the accompanying minerals into the dump in the form of fine fractions.

Obtaining coarse-grained “dry” tails largely solves the problem of their storage, excluding the construction of typical slop tailings that occupy large areas. In this, environmental problems are largely resolved positively.

This method of mineral processing can also be used for processing enriched products obtained as a result of preconcentration of ore and non-metallic raw materials.

Thus, the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype will improve and reduce the cost of the technology for the enrichment of ores of native, non-ferrous and rare metals, as well as other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials, increase the recovery of the useful component by improving the conditions for its disclosure and enrichment, as well as increase environmental safety of processing these and other types of ore and non-metallic raw materials.

Information sources

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2213622 "Method for the extraction of diamonds from ores" / M.N. Zlobin. Bull. N 28, 2003.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2223825 "Method for the extraction of diamonds from ores" / M.N. Zlobin (prototype).

Claims (5)

1. A method of mineral processing, including crushing ore in crushers in a closed cycle with screening, separating high density minerals from crushed ore, removing waste rock and light minerals into a dump, characterized in that the ore is subjected to pre-crushing by a high contrast and high-temperature heat treatment by a stream of hot gases or superheated steam, the allocation of high density minerals from crushed ore is carried out by means of at least two staged vibroconcentration with subsequent removal of waste rock and light mineral fractions into the dump, while the mineral fraction of high density of the primary stage of vibroconcentration is subjected to at least two-stage cleanup vibroconcentration to obtain concentrate and intermediate products, intermediate products of cleaning operations are subjected to grinding together with the mineral fraction of high density control stages of vibroconcentration, before the grinding operation, the material is pre-fractured, similar to ore pre-destruction before the crushing operation, the crushed material is sent to the main operation of vibroconcentration, the concentrate after cleaning operations is sent to refinement. 2. The method of mineral processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing of ore and grinding of industrial products is carried out in the mode of centrifugal impact destruction. 3. The method of mineral processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-destruction of ore and intermediate products by means of a high contrast and high temperature heat treatment by a stream of hot gases or superheated steam is carried out in conjunction with magnetic pulse processing acting on the material stream or simultaneously with high contrast and high temperature heat treatment, or immediately after it. 4. The method of mineral processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail product of the primary stage of vibroconcentration is subjected to similar prefracture and grinding in the mode of centrifugal shock destruction. 5. The method of mineral processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the refinement of the concentrates is carried out by deep grinding of the material and the subsequent removal of associated minerals into the dump in the form of fine fractions.