RU2346423C2 - Bioreactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: bioreactor comprises a steel tubular vessel installed horizontally or at an angle of 3-5°. The vessel top is divided by segment baffles into three sections: charging section, working section and discharging section. Segment baffles do not reach the vessel bottom. There is a biomass charging hole at the top of the charging section of bioreactor and a discharging hole in the discharging section. Working section is connected to gas holder.

EFFECT: improved efficiency and safety of bioreactor operation, easy bioreactor maintenance and fast production of high-quality fertilisers.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for the processing of liquid organic waste, mainly manure or litter, and obtain environmentally friendly organic fertilizers and combustible biogas.

Known reactor for anaerobic digestion of liquid organic waste, such as manure, containing a thermally insulated fermentation tank with a water jacket, pipes for input and output of the fermented mass, a vertical, central pipe coaxially installed inside the fermentation tank, not reaching the bottom of the latter, made with double walls and having guide elements on the outer surface and in the upper part of the nozzle for biogas waste, while the central pipe is equipped with a pressure-free line, which it is in the form of an inclined nozzle with an adjustable valve communicated with the upper end with the upper part of the inner cavity of the central pipe and the lower end with a fermentation tank, the lower end of the nozzle immersed in the fermentable mass, and the guide elements are made in the form of movable blades mounted in pairs with an inclination to each other (see USSR author's certificate No. 1152541, IPC А01С 3/00, published April 30, 1985).

The disadvantages of this known reactor are the low efficiency of removing the solid sediment fraction, especially when fermenting semi-liquid manure or highly concentrated effluents due to the rapid compaction of sediment in the zone of the lower end of the central pipe, the long fermentation process due to the non-intensive mixing of the fermented mass with movable blades that do not have a drive, high crust formation on the surface of the fermented mass in the upper part of the fermentation tank.

Closest to the proposed reactor is a reactor (see patent FR 2471124 (13) A1, 06/19/1981, 13 l., Fig 1-2). The essence of this technical solution lies in the fact that the patented reactor contains a horizontally located steel tank that has loading and unloading hatches and is connected to a gas tank, in addition, the bioreactor tank is coated with thermal insulation to maintain a stable temperature in the bioreactor.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that during loading, the fermented and newly arrived masses are mixed, as well as during unloading, the mixed mass is unloaded, which does not ensure complete fermentation of the fermented mass and reduces the efficiency of the bioreactor.

The technical results of the claimed technical solution of the bioreactor are that:

- increases the efficiency of the bioreactor due to the horizontal tube structure of the bioreactor, which ensures the separation of fermentable biomass according to the degree of fermentation, which contributes to a more complete release of biogas;

- an opportunity arises to quickly obtain high-quality fertilizers suitable immediately after passing through a bioreactor for use in agriculture due to complete fermentation;

- increases the safety of the bioreactor due to the fact that the loading and unloading hatches do not have shutoff valves, and the pressure in the working part of the bioreactor is maintained by a water seal;

- in the inventive installation there is a control machine, made in the form of a microprocessor controller, which monitors the creation of a given acidity, temperature, humidity, pressure inside the bioreactor, while ensuring the stability of the bioreaction process. The horizontal tubular design of the bioreactor, which has a free spout at the outlet, ensures ease of maintenance of the bioreactor.

- a horizontal stirrer located at the bottom of the bioreactor, offset to the side from the center, provides easier passage of biomass inside the bioreactor - does not create additional resistance.

The inventive bioreactor is made in the form of a steel tubular tank, located either horizontally or under a slope of 3-5 degrees., Divided into three sections from above. Along the bioreactor body there are metal partitions-segments that do not reach the bottom of the bioreactor. The lower part of the bioreactor is enclosed in a water jacket. The length of the bioreactor depends on the time of fermentation of the biomass, and the diameter of the pipe depends on the performance of the bioreactor.

The first section of the bioreactor is loading, it has a small volume and is equipped in the upper part with a loading hatch through which biomass is loaded. In the first section, a pH sensor is mounted to monitor the initial acidity of the loaded biomass.

The second section is the working one; fermentation and biogas formation take place in it. Biogas enters the gas tank through a selective device. In the second section, a connection to the gas tank is mounted, and it also has a connection to a microprocessor controller, to which signals from instruments measuring temperature, pH and pressure are received. The biomass in the second section is periodically, three times a day, mixed with a mixer located in the lower part of the bioreactor, and shifted to the side from the center.

The third section is unloading, has a small volume. In the third section, an opening unloading hatch for unloading fermented masses is mounted on the end surface.

An opening cleaning hatch can be made in the lower part of the end face of the third section of the bioreactor, through which, when the bioreactor is stopped, the inner surface of the bioreactor is cleaned.

Figure 1 shows a bioreactor - front view, figure 2 - bioreactor - section aa, where

1 - body bioreactor;

2 - shirt;

3 - partition-segment between the boot and working sections;

4 - partition-segment between the working and unloading sections;

5 - gas holder;

6 - connection between the working section and the gas holder;

7 - horizontal mixer;

8 - sensors connected to the control microprocessor controller;

9 - loading hatch;

10 - unloading hatch;

11 - a cleaning hatch;

12 - boot section;

13 - working section;

14 - unloading section;

15 - biomass;

16 - biogas;

17 - valve gas valve;

18 - receiver fermented mass.

The bioreactor works as follows:

In the loading section 12 through the loading hatch 9 is loaded biomass. Moisture and acidity sensors 8 determine the characteristics of the loaded raw materials, and, if necessary, by a signal from the microcontroller, an increase in humidity by adding water, or a change in acidity by adding acid or alkali. It is possible to add bacteria to the biomass that accelerate the decomposition of organic substances of biomass 15.

The housing of the bioreactor 1, separated by partitions 3 and 4, can be considered as communicating vessels with bypass openings in the form of a space under the partitions 3 and 4. The biomass newly received from the loading section 12 is forced into the working section 13.

Biogas accumulates in the working section 13, occupying the free space between the inner surface of the bioreactor body 1, between the lateral surfaces of the partition walls 3 and 4 and the biomass surface 15, while the biogas pressure does not exceed the pressure of the hydrostatic column of the segment height.

Biomass 15 is forced from section 12 to section 13 and further to section 14 through the above bypass holes.

Biogas 16, released during fermentation, accumulates mainly in the working section. Technological parameters in the working section are supported automatically - according to the commands issued by the microprocessor controller.

The pushing of the biomass 15 through the housing of the bioreactor 1 is facilitated by using a horizontal mixer 7, which is included several times a day. This mixer, on the one hand, loosens the biomass, on the other hand - screw blades can move the biomass along the body.

To facilitate the movement of biomass inside the bioreactor, the bioreactor body can be installed at an angle of 3-5 degrees.

When forcing biomass into the third section 14, it accumulates there to the level of the unloading hatch 10, and automatically flows into the receiver of the fermented biomass 18.

During preventive maintenance, cleaning inside the bioreactor is carried out through the cleaning hatch 11. To maintain the operating temperature, the bioreactor is equipped with a thermostatic jacket, for example, a water jacket, through which circulating water is circulated, the temperature of which is regulated by commands from a microcontroller that analyzes the readings from temperature sensors inside the bioreactor.

Execution example. The bioreactor is made in the form of a pipe and is located at a slope of 3 ° to the discharge side. The length of the reactor is 20 m, the pipe diameter is 2 m. The body of the bioreactor is divided into three sections by partition walls, not reaching the bottom by about 300 mm. The output time of the bioreactor to the operating mode should be at least four days. Biogas, which is formed inside the working section of the bioreactor, provides the internal energy needs of the livestock complex for 20 cattle. The mixer is turned on three times a day, and the pumping of biogas from the working section is performed according to the sensor.

Claims (5)

1. Bioreactor containing a steel tubular tank, which is located horizontally or at a slope of 3-5 ° and is divided into three sections from above - loading, working and unloading partitions-segments that do not reach the bottom of the tank, in the loading section of the bioreactor there is a loading hatch on top for biomass loading, in the unloading section - an unloading hatch for unloading biomass, and the working section is connected to a gas tank. 2. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the pH, temperature, humidity sensors are installed inside the bioreactor, which are connected to the control microprocessor controller, according to the signals of which carry out the necessary adjustment of the environment inside the bioreactor. 3. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that a horizontal mixer is installed inside the working section of the tank, which is located in the lower part of the bioreactor and is shifted to the side from the center. 4. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the end of the discharge section of the bioreactor has an opening cleaning hatch for cleaning the inner surface of the bioreactor. 5. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the bioreactor is enclosed in a jacket to maintain a stable temperature in the bioreactor.

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