RU2344937C1 - Method of manufacturing lightweight sandwich-type plasterfoampolymeric composite material and products thereof (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: manufacturing the first method envisages fabrication of the underlying plasterboard of a compound containing the following components, wt %: plaster bonding agent - 71.4-83.3 and modifying lime water suspension - 16.7-28.6, the latter's composition being as follows, wt %: caustic lime - 0.3-0.6 wt %, sodium polycarboxylate - 3.0-6.0 wt %, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 1.5-3.0 wt %, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.05-1.0 wt %, water - the rest. Whenever required the uncured plasterboard is covered with a net of flaxen, cotton or synthetic threads and a foam plastic plate or board, the contacting surface of the latter having been pre-treated with the following composition solution wt %: caustic lime - 0.5-1.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02-0.05, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 20.0-25.0, sodium polysulphomelaminate -20.0-25.0, water - the rest. Whenever required after the underlying plasterboard has been cured the foam plastic board may be covered with net or fabric with another plaster layer applied onto it which composition is identical to that of the underlying layer. After the plaster layer(s) hardening the product undergoes dry-out at a temperature no more than 50°C and the air humidity no more than 5%. The second method envisages application of composite plaster water suspension onto the surface of a mechanically pre-treated foam plastic board. The third method envisages usage of plaster suspension only. There is also a lightweight sandwich-type plasterfoampolymeric composite product described that consists of at least one plaster board (layer) and/or a foam plastic layer made of a plate or a shaped foam plastic blank; whenever required the latter's sides are pre-treated with modifying lime water suspension and covered with a reinforcement net of flaxen, cotton or synthetic threads.

EFFECT: fabrication of a lightweight product, durable, environmentally friendly and characterised by improved thermal and moisture insulation properties.

7 cl, 1 tbl, 26 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of a composite material based on gypsum and foam, which can be widely used in various industries, for example, in the manufacture of building products (interior partition plates and blocks), for heat-insulating products, in particular for heat-insulating facade or ceiling tiles and products , for thermal insulation of gas, oil and water pipelines.

From SU 180514, 03/21/1966, lightweight concrete based on a gypsum cement binder and porous mineral aggregates is known, in order to fulfill the role of an active hydraulic additive and as a filler, for example, expanded clay mixed with a binder containing 75-80% of building gypsum and 20-25% of Portland cement.

From SU 978740, 11/30/1982, a gypsum building element and a method for its manufacture are known. The well-known gypsum building element is formed of a reinforced plate having cutouts in the bend zones, the reinforcement is unevenly distributed across the thickness of the plate with its concentration in the bend zones. The reinforcement is made of threads of woven or non-woven material based on them or a combination of threads and materials.

From SU 1039915, 09/07/1983, gypsum concrete made of gypsum concrete mixture including semi-aquatic gypsum, aggregate and water is known, and in order to increase strength, it contains waste material from the production of pipes from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride in the following ratio of components, wt.%: semi-aquatic gypsum 25.0-30.0, waste from pipe production from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride 45.0-52.0, water 18.0-30.0.

Known products from gypsum concrete, having a number of valuable properties, do not fully satisfy various industries.

From RU 2298480, 05/10/2007, a multilayer product and a method for its manufacture are known. In particular, this product contains a metal shell with a thermal insulation layer in the form of polystyrene foam and a thermal insulation layer made of a heat-protective coating consisting of Elastosil 137-180 glue and phenol-formaldehyde microspheres (TPS-ES) applied to the adhesive-sealant, and an antistatic coating is placed on top of it coating. A method of manufacturing a multilayer product consists in the fact that anticorrosion and depreciation layers are successively applied to a metal surface, Izolan-123 is sprayed as a foam at a pressure of 0.4-0.6 MPa in layers, after which adhesive sealant is applied, laid out and then molded the cut sheets of the TPSh-ES heat-shielding coating are kept at a temperature of 15-35 ° C for 24 hours and an antistatic coating is applied on top of them - KhP-5237 enamel. This product has a specific application - for operation at cryogenic temperatures and under conditions of aerodynamic heating.

From RU 2085562, 07.27.1997, a method for producing a waterproof foam for the manufacture of heat-insulating elements used in the thermal insulation of building structures and structures is known. The method consists in applying a polymer composition to the surface of phenol-formaldehyde foam, and as a polymer composition, a composition comprising liquid glass, urea-formaldehyde resin and styrene-butadiene rubber latex with a content of bound styrene of 65 wt.% Is used, with their mass ratio being respectively 83-84, 5-8 , 8-12.

Currently, there is a great need for products that can be used in the production of structural elements of light buildings and structures.

From SU 1783092, 12/23/1992, a method of manufacturing a decorative heat-insulating cladding panel is known. Essence: before laying the ceramic tile is heated to 250-280 ° C. The connection of the tiles with a layer of sheet foamed thermoplastic is carried out by pressing under pressure 0.15-0.5 kgf / cm ² . Then stand the tile under pressure until it cools to a temperature of 40-50 ° C.

From RU 2169081, 06/20/2001, another layered material is known, made in the form of a foamed polymer layer and located on top of at least one layer of foil with a pattern applied to it, and the pattern is made with a stamping depth from 5 to 50% of the foam thickness polymer layer and is located on at least 10% of the surface of the layered material.

From RU 2078882, 05/10/1997, an insulating material in the form of a plate or a roll and a method for its manufacture are known. Insulating material in the form of a plate or a roll for new and requiring sanitation structures, fixed on a supporting masonry, and when it is made in the form of a multilayer rectangular plate or roll, consisting of polyurethane foam, particles of expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene or mineral fiber as a heat-insulating layer, moreover, a heat-insulating layer the layer, at least on one of its wide sides, is provided with a covering material, which is applied as the basis for the facing materials of masonry or insulation material as a facing material, the base consisting of a non-woven fabric of synthetic materials and / or textile materials, and / or fabric of synthetic fiber, or fiberglass, or organic fiber, such as jute, and is provided on its side facing the insulating material coated as a moisture-proof and connecting layer, applied with penetration into the base to a depth of 0.1-0.5 of the thickness of the base.

Get it as follows. A method of manufacturing a wall of multilayer polyurethane foam insulating panels fixed to a supporting frame of the wall as an insulating layer with a covering layer on one of its wide sides, in which two parallel conveyor belts are used, one of which is laid with facing material, for example, in the form of facing , a coating layer is applied to it, then a foamable polyurethane foam, and then molding is formed between conveyors in the form of a web, followed by separation a plate, and the coating layer is applied in the form of a nonwoven web coated material.

As follows from the above prior art, various combined composite materials (composites) have been widely used recently, combining the valuable properties of gypsum products and products from polymers, and especially from foams, which allow the creation of new lightweight composite materials for widespread use in various industries .

The technical task of the claimed invention is to obtain a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material and products from it having a low bulk mass, increased heat, sound insulation properties, low water absorption and high strength properties.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the claimed group of inventions, which includes a method for producing a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material and the sandwich light gypsum-foam polymer product (SLEGIC) obtained by one of the methods of the claimed group.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the method of obtaining a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material (product), including the formation of a lower gypsum board from a composition containing wt.%: Gypsum binder - 71.4-83.3 and an aqueous modifying lime suspension - 16.7-28, 6 composition wt.%: Hydrated lime - 0.3-0.6 wt.%, Sodium polycarboxylate - 3.0-6.0 wt.%, Potassium polymethylsiliconate - 1.5-3.0 wt.%, Sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.05-1.0 wt.%, Water - the rest, if necessary, subsequent application to the uncured gypsum layer of the net and or fabrics of linen, cotton or synthetic yarns and then a foam layer in the form of a foam plate or slab on the side of the surface that has been pretreated with a solution containing wt.%: hydrated lime - 0.5-1.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0, 02-0.05, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 20.0-25.0, sodium polysulfomelaminate - 20.0-25.0, water - the rest, after hardening the lower gypsum layer, if necessary, apply a mesh or fabric on the foam layer, the gypsum layer the same composition as for the lower gypsum layer, and after h ipsovyh layers carry out drying of the product at a temperature of not more than 50 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 5%.

Another invention of the claimed group is also another option for producing a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material, including machining a foam plate, subsequent pouring or applying to it an aqueous composite gypsum slurry, including in wt.%: Gypsum binder 71.4-83.3 and water modifying a suspension of 16.7-28.6, containing in wt.% sodium polycarboxylate - 3.0-6.0, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 1.5-3.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.05-1.0, slaked lime - 0.3-0.6, water - the rest, and drying the product after hardening of the formed gypsum layer at a temperature of not more than 50 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 5%, after hardening of the formed gypsum layer, the same aqueous composite gypsum suspension is applied to the other surface of the foam.

Another invention is a method for producing a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material (product), comprising treating the foam surface with a solution containing in wt.%: Hydrated lime - 0.5-1.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02-0.05, polymethylsiliconate potassium or sodium - 20.0-25.0, sodium polysulfomelaminate - 20.0-25.0, water - the rest, and then applying a grid or fabric of linen, cotton or synthetic yarns and applying a gypsum slurry, and if necessary, on another foam surface mesh overlay Whether the fabric of woolen, cotton or synthetic yarns, and further applying a gypsum slurry.

According to one of the methods, a sandwich light gypsum-foam polymer composite product is obtained, consisting of at least one gypsum board or gypsum layer and / or foam layer from a plate or foam relief blank, the sides of which, if necessary, are treated with an aqueous modifying lime suspension, and including Reinforcing layer made of mesh or fabric made of linen, cotton or synthetic fibers.

Or get a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite product, in which a foam layer is enclosed between gypsum layers or plates, the surface of which, if necessary, is pre-treated with an aqueous modifying lime suspension, while the inner surfaces of the sandwich product have physical and mechanical adhesion.

Sandwich light gypsum-foam composite product, which contains several gypsum layers, between them is a foam layer, the surface of which, if necessary, is pre-treated with an aqueous modifying lime suspension, while the inner surfaces of the sandwich product have physical and mechanical adhesion.

So, the sandwich lightweight gypsum-foamed polymer composite material (product) obtained according to the invention (SLEGIC) is at least a two- or three-layer material containing a foam layer with a treated (modified) surface, a reinforcing layer of mesh or fabric made of linen or synthetic ( polymer) fibers (filaments), and a gypsum layer made of a composition based on a gypsum binder and a modifying complex additive.

For the manufacture of a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material (product) according to the invention, the following materials and substances are used.

As the foam layer can be used, for example:

expanded polystyrene of the PSB and PSBS brands,

polyurethane foam

polyvinyl chloride,

polypropylene,

mipora (foam formaldehyde urea foam),

foam epoxide,

polystyrene foam,

organosilicon foam.

As a composite gypsum layer, casting material is used, obtained from a building or high strength gypsum binder and an aqueous modifying lime suspension, consisting of the following components, wt.%:

Gypsum binder - 71.4-83.3 aqueous modifying suspension - 16.7-28.6, containing in turn the following components (in wt.%): sodium polycarboxylate - 3.0-6.0 potassium polymethylsiliconate - 1.5-3.0 sodium tripolyphosphate -0.05-0.1 slaked lime - 0.3-0.6 water - the rest.

Below is a brief description of the implementation of the claimed variants of methods for producing a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material and products from it, as well as specific examples illustrating the claimed group of inventions, but not limiting them.

Ways to get SLEGIC:

- in the form of a given complexity, the basis of which is polished glass or silicone rubber, a composite gypsum slurry is poured, forming a gypsum slab, and a grid or fabric of linen, or cotton, or polymer fibers (threads) is laid on it, and then a foam plate or a pre-cut foam embossed blank with a surface pre-treated with an aqueous modifying solution containing in wt.%: hydrated lime - 0.5-1, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02-0.05, polymethylsilicon potassium nat 20-25, sodium polysulfomelaminate 20-25. Upon hardening of the previous gypsum board, the outer side of the foam board or preform is also treated with an aqueous modifying solution, a grid or fabric of linen, or cotton, or polymer fibers (threads) is applied to it, onto which the next layer of composite gypsum is poured, then they are leveled, smoothed , and upon hardening of gypsum boards or layers, a sandwich product is removed from the mold, dried at a temperature of not more than 50 ° C to a residual moisture content of not more than 5% (see examples 1-10);

- in the form of a given complexity, the basis of which is polished glass or silicone rubber, the composite gypsum slurry is poured, forming a gypsum slab, and a grid or fabric of linen, or cotton, or polymer fibers (threads) is laid on it, and then a foam plate is applied or previously a cut foam embossed blank with a surface previously treated with an aqueous modifying solution containing in wt.%: hydrated lime - 0.5-1, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02 - 0.05, polymethylsiliko potassium natrium - 20-25, sodium polysulfomelaminate - 20-25. Upon hardening of the previous gypsum board, the outer side of the foam board or preform is also treated with an aqueous modifying solution, the resulting sandwich material is removed from the mold, turned over with the treated surface of the foam plate or preform face down, laying it on the previously cast surface of the composite gypsum slurry in another form of the designed board or gypsum layer, on which a grid or fabric of linen, or cotton, or polymer fibers (threads) is applied. Upon hardening of both gypsum boards or gypsum layers, the sandwich product is removed from the mold and dried (see examples 11-14);

- the outer side of the foam plate or pre-cut foam embossed billets, mounted on the desktop, is treated with an aqueous modifying solution containing in wt.%: hydrated lime - 0.5-1, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02-0.05, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 20-25, sodium polysulfomelaminate - 20-25, impose a grid or fabric of linen, or cotton, or polymer fibers (threads) on it, and then pour the composite modifying gypsum suspension, which is leveled with a profile device to erdevaniya gypsum. Next, the sandwich product is polished and dried (see examples 15-16);

- a composite modifying gypsum slurry is poured onto a foam plate or a pre-cut foam-shaped embossed workpiece mounted on a desktop, which is leveled with a profile device until the gypsum has hardened. Next, the sandwich product is dried and polished (see examples 17-18);

- the composite gypsum slurry is poured onto the outer side of the foam plate or pre-cut foam plastic billet fixed on the desktop, it is leveled using a profile tool (template) until the gypsum has hardened, and then the resulting sandwich product is removed from the desktop, turned face down, and a composite gypsum slurry is poured onto another surface of the foam plate or preform, and it is leveled with the help of a profile device (template on) before hardening of gypsum (see examples 19-21);

- in a prepared mold for producing a tongue-and-groove plate, for example, with a size of 600 × 500 and a thickness of 60-80 (mm), a pre-cut foam plate of 600 × 500 and a thickness of 40-50 mm is inserted, orienting it parallel to the planes of the designed product, pour in a composite gypsum suspension . Upon hardening of the gypsum, the product is molded or squeezed out of the mold, placed on a pallet and dried (see examples 22-24).

Moreover, as a gypsum binder in the formation of the gypsum layer, for example, gypsum binder of the grades G5-G20 is used.

As a mesh or fabric of synthetic yarns (fibers), for example, a mesh or fabric of cotton, or linen, or polymeric yarns is used.

The following are specific examples.

Example 1. In the mixer was prepared for 1.5-2 minutes a composite gypsum suspension, consisting of the following components, wt.%:

gypsum binder - 71.4 aqueous modifying suspension - 28.6, which consists of the following components, wt.%: polycarboxylate sodium - 3.0 potassium polymethylsiliconate - 1.5 sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.05 slaked lime - 0.3 water - the rest.

The resulting suspension was poured into a mold, a grid of linen threads was applied to the external surface of the suspension, a foam plate was applied to it, a blank made of polystyrene foam cut from a block was used as a foam plate; to form the reinforcing layer, a grid of flaxen threads is used, the contacting surface of which was treated with a solution containing 0.5% lime, 0.05% sodium tripolyphosphate, 20% potassium polymethylsiliconate and 20% sodium polysulfamelaminate, water - the rest, and then after the lower layer has hardened composite gypsum product was dried at a temperature of not more than 50 ° C (25-30 ° C) to a moisture content of the gypsum layer of not more than 5% (4%). The product was tested for strength, water resistance, thermal conductivity, measuring bulk density, specific heat resistance and environmental performance. The results are shown in the table.

Example 2. The method is carried out analogously to example 1, only for the formation of the gypsum layer using gypsum modified suspension containing in wt.%:

gypsum binder 83.3 aqueous modifying suspension 16.7

moreover, the suspension contains components in the following ratio (wt.%:

sodium polycarboxylate - 6.0 potassium polymethylsiliconate - 3.0 sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.1 slaked lime 0.6 water - the rest.

Polyurethane foam is used as a foam, pre-treated with a solution containing (in wt.%) Slaked lime - 1.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 25.0, sodium polysulfamelaminate - 15.0, water - the rest. To form a reinforcing layer, a mesh of synthetic polypropylene filaments is used. The product is dried to 40-45 ° to a residual moisture content of 2%.

Example 3. The method is carried out as in example 1, only polypropylene is used as a foam, and a fabric made of synthetic cellulose fibers, for example polyamide, is used as a reinforcing layer.

Example 4. A foam blank was prepared for the designed product, repeating the relief of the product from the composite, with dimensions smaller by 5 mm, then onto the foam blank (polystyrene grades of PSB or PSBS grades), the front surface of which was pre-treated with a solution containing 0.5% lime, 0, 05% sodium tripolyphosphate, 20% potassium polymethylsiliconate and 20% sodium polycarboxylate, the rest is water, and a grid of linen threads was applied to it, then a composite gypsum layer was applied, which was leveled with a profile tool about a given relief. After hardening the gypsum layer, the product was dried at a temperature of not more than 50 ° C (30 °) to a moisture content of the composite gypsum layer of not more than 5%. Further, as in example 1. For the gypsum layer, a composition is used, as in example 1.

Example 5. The method is carried out analogously to example 4, but polyurethane foam is used as the foam, the surface of which is pre-treated with a modifying solution, as in example 3. For the reinforcing layer, a mesh or fabric made of synthetic polyacrylates (fibers) is used. Drying is carried out at 35-40 ° C to a residual moisture content of 3%.

Example 6. They acted as in example 1. The resulting gypsum slurry was poured into the form of the designed gypsum board with a thickness of 10 mm and a foam plate cut from a block of polyvinyl chloride was placed on the same size. Further, as in example 1.

Example 7. They acted as in example 1. The obtained gypsum slurry was poured into the shape of the designed gypsum plate 30 mm thick and a foam plate cut from the block of the mipore was applied the same size, the contacting surface was processed as in example 1. Next, as in example one.

Example 8. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. The resulting slurry was poured into a mold, and a polyester foam plate was applied to the external surface of the slurry. Upon hardening of the gypsum, a composite gypsum slurry was poured onto the outer surface of the foam plate, which was leveled, smoothed to complete hardening, the sandwich product was removed from the mold and dried, as in example 1.

Example 9. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. The resulting slurry was poured into a mold, a mesh of cotton threads (fibers) was applied to the external surface of the slurry, treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, and an organosilicon foam plate. Upon hardening of the gypsum, the mesh was poured onto the outer surface of the foam plate similarly and the surface was treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, then a composite gypsum slurry was poured onto this surface, which was leveled, smoothed to full hardening, the sandwich product was removed from the mold and dried, as in example 1.

Example 10. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. The resulting slurry was poured into a mold, a grid of acrylic filaments (fibers) was applied to the external surface of the slurry, treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, and an organosilicon foam plate. After hardening the gypsum, the mesh was poured onto the outer surface of the foam plate similarly and the surface was treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, then a composite gypsum slurry was poured onto this surface, which was leveled, smoothed until it completely hardened, the sandwich product was removed from the mold and dried, as in example 1.

Example 11. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. The resulting slurry was poured into a mold, a grid of acrylic filaments (fibers) was applied to the external surface of the slurry, treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, and an organosilicon foam plate. Upon hardening of the gypsum, the mesh was poured onto the outer surface of the foam plate similarly and the surface was treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, then a composite gypsum slurry was poured onto this surface, which was leveled, smoothed to full hardening, the sandwich product was removed from the mold and dried, as in example 1.

Example 12. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. The resulting slurry was poured into a mold, a linen fabric (fibers) was applied to the external surface of the suspension, treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, and a polystyrene foam plate. Upon hardening of the gypsum, the fabric was poured onto the external surface of the foam plate similarly and the surface was treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, then the sandwich material was removed from the mold and turned face down, and the treated surface of the foam with the modifying solution was placed on a composite gypsum slurry poured into a prepared similar shape and pre-coated with a cloth of linen threads (fibers). Upon hardening of the gypsum, the product was taken out, dried, and its physical and technical parameters were determined, as in Example 1.

Example 13. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. The resulting slurry was poured into a mold and a polyurethane foam plate was placed on it. Upon hardening of the gypsum, the sandwich material was removed from the mold and turned it face down, the foam surface was laid on the composite gypsum slurry poured into a prepared similar mold. Upon hardening of the gypsum, the product was taken out, dried, and its physical and technical parameters were determined, as in Example 1.

Example 14. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. The resulting slurry was poured into a mold, a fabric of cotton threads (fibers) was applied to the external surface of the suspension, treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, and a plate made of mipore. Upon hardening of the gypsum, a cloth was similarly applied to the outer surface of the plate from the mipore and the surface was treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, then the sandwich material was taken out of the mold and turned face down, and the surface of the plate treated with the modifying solution was placed on the composite gypsum slurry poured into the prepared a similar shape and pre-coated with a fabric of cotton threads (fibers). Upon hardening of the gypsum, the product was taken out, dried, and its physical and technical parameters were determined, as in Example 1.

Example 15. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. A polystyrene foam plate was cut according to the projected sizes of a sandwich product, fixed to a work table and treated with an aqueous modifying solution, as in Example 1, a grid of acrylic threads (fibers) was applied to it, and then a composite modifying gypsum slurry was poured onto it, which was leveled with a profile device until the gypsum hardened. After drying, as in example 1, the gypsum surface was polished. Further, as in example 1.

Example 16. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. A foam sheet was cut out according to the design dimensions of the sandwich product, fixed on a work table, and treated with an aqueous modifying solution, as in example 1, a grid of cotton threads (fibers) was applied to it, and then a composite modifying gypsum slurry was poured onto it, which was leveled with a profile device until the gypsum hardened. After drying, as in example 1, the gypsum surface was polished. Further, as in example 1.

Example 17. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. A polyurethane foam plate was cut according to the projected sizes of a sandwich product, fixed on a worktable, and a composite modifying gypsum slurry was poured onto it, which was leveled with a profile device until the gypsum hardened. After drying, as in example 1, the gypsum surface was polished. Further, as in example 1.

Example 18. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. A polyurethane foam plate was cut according to the projected sizes of a sandwich product, fixed to a work table, a grid of cotton threads (fibers) was applied to it, the surface was treated with an aqueous modifying solution, as in example 1, and a composite modifying gypsum slurry was poured onto it, which was leveled with a profile device until the gypsum hardened. After drying, as in example 1, the gypsum surface was polished. Further, as in example 1.

Example 19. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. On the outside of the polystyrene foam board or a pre-cut polystyrene embossed blank secured to the work table, the composite gypsum slurry was poured, leveled using a profile tool (template) until the gypsum solidified, then the resulting sandwich product was removed from the desktop, turned face down and a composite gypsum was poured onto another surface of the foam plate or workpiece suspension, leveled it with the help of a profile device (template) until the gypsum solidified. Further, as in example 15.

Example 20. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. On the outside of the mipore plate or a previously cut relief billet from the mipore mounted on the work table, treated with a modifying solution, as in Example 1, the composite gypsum slurry was poured, leveled using a profile fixtures (template) until the gypsum has hardened, then the resulting sandwich product was removed from the desktop, turned face down, and poured onto another surface of the foam plate or preform Ali composite gypsum slurry, level it using a profile tool (pattern) to gypsum hardening. Further, as in example 14.

Example 21. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. On the outside of the polystyrene foam polystyrene plate or a previously cut polystyrene embossed blank secured to the work table, a grid of polypropylene filaments (fibers) was applied, the surface was treated with a modifying solution, and the composite gypsum slurry was poured, it was leveled with the help of a profile tool (template) until the gypsum solidified, then the resulting sandwich product was removed from the desktop, turning over and face-down, and the other surface of the foam sheet or preform was treated similarly modifying solution, secured thereon a grid of polypropylene filaments (fibers) and poured composite gypsum slurry, level it using a profile tool (pattern) to gypsum hardening. Further, as in example 15.

Example 22. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. In a prepared mold for producing a tongue-and-groove plate, for example, 600 × 500 and 60 (mm) thick, a pre-cut 600 × 500 polystyrene plate and 40 mm thick was inserted, orienting it in parallel the planes of the designed product, poured composite gypsum suspension. Upon hardening of gypsum boards, the product was molded or squeezed out of the mold, mounted on a pallet and dried, as in example 15.

Example 23. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. A pre-cut polyurethane foam plate 600 × 500 and a thickness of 50 mm was inserted into the prepared mold for producing a tongue-and-groove plate, for example, 600 × 500 and 80 mm thick, orienting it parallel to the planes of the projected products were poured with a composite gypsum suspension. Upon hardening of the gypsum, the product was unformed or squeezed out of the mold, mounted on a pallet and dried, as in example 1.

Example 24. A composite gypsum slurry was prepared, as in Example 1. Into a prepared mold for producing a tongue-and-groove plate, for example, 600 × 500 and 70 (mm) thick, a pre-cut polystyrene foam plate 600 × 500 and 50 mm thick, the surface of which was treated with a modifying a solution, was inserted, orienting it parallel to the planes of the designed product, poured with a composite gypsum suspension. Upon hardening of gypsum boards, the product was molded or squeezed out of the mold, mounted on a pallet and dried, as in example 1.

Example 25 (similar).

Cut the product from expanded polystyrene in appearance, similar to that obtained by the product of example 1. Conducted a test of the physico-mechanical properties of the product. The results are shown in the table.

Example 26 (prototype). A product similar to that of Example 1 was cast from foam gypsum. After drying the sample product, it was tested, as in example 1. The results are shown in the table.

The sandwich lightweight gypsum-foam polymer obtained according to the invention has high bending strengths up to 18 MPa, low water absorption up to 4%, thermal conductivity up to 0.027 W / (m ° C), low bulk weight up to 100-150 kg / m ³ , high adhesive strength materials up to 5 MPa, water resistance (softening coefficient up to 0.98), frost resistance up to 50 cycles, high rates of comfort and environmental friendliness.

The following table provides data on the main properties of the obtained gypsum-foam composite by the methods of the invention and properties for control samples of products made of foam (PS) (example 25) and gypsum (example 26).

Basic data on the properties of the obtained sandwich light gypsum-foam products

Table No. example Thermal conductivity, W / (m ° С) Sound absorption, (1000 Hz) Bending Strength, MPa Density, kg / m ³ Water absorption,% Water resistance, K _r Environmental friendliness, K _e Comfort, K _to one. 0,021 0.79 18.0 260,0 3.2 0.98 1,5 0.94 2. 0,022 0.8 17.9 279.0 3.0 0.98 1.4 0.95 3. 0,023 0.8 17.8 270,0 2.0 0.97 1,6 0.94 four. 0,020 0.77 18.0 280,0 2.6 0.95 1,6 0.94 5. 0,024 0.79 17.6 297.0 2,8 0.93 1.3 0.90 6. 0,025 0.83 17.6 300,0 4,5 0.90 1.3 0.95 7. 0,022 0.85 18.0 285.0 4.0 0.89 1,2 0.91 8. 0,029 0.77 16.5 305.0 3.8 0.88 1.4 0.90 9. 0,023 0.79 16.9 299.0 3.0 0.89 1.3 0.94 10. 0,024 0.77 17.0 278.0 3.9 0.88 1,6 0.95 eleven. 0,028 0.67 18.0 290.0 3.0 0.90 1,6 0.94 12. 0,025 0.70 18.0 298.0 2,8 0.97 1.7 0.93 13. 0,026 0.77 16.5 248.0 3.9 0.87 1,5 0.90 fourteen. 0,030 0.56 16.8 250,0 3.6 0.89 1.4 0.89 fifteen. 0,028 0.59 15.9 280,0 3.8 0.90 1.7 0.90 16. 0,034 0.67 17.9 289.0 3.9 0.89 1,2 0.94 17. 0,033 0.70 17.8 290.0 4,5 0.82 1,2 0.90 eighteen. 0,028 0.58 17.0 289.0 3.9 0.89 1.3 0.90 19. 0,023 0.60 16,0 300,0 3.8 0.88 1,1 0.90 twenty. 0,023 0.65 16.9 280,0 2.9 0.90 1.3 0.88 21. 0,022 0.70 18.0 295.0 2.9 0.95 1,0 0.90 22. 0,024 0.73 16.9 280,0 4,5 0.96 1.8 0.94 23. 0,032 0.77 16.5 289.0 3,7 0.90 1,5 0.90 24. 0,023 0.80 18.0 300,0 2.1 0.90 1,6 0.90 25. 0,038 0.30 0.04 250,0 8.0 0.65 0,03 0.45 26. 0,040 0.17 0.5 500,0 22.0 0.47 0.09 0.60

Claims (7)

1. A method of obtaining a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material (product), comprising forming a lower gypsum board from a composition containing, wt.%: Gypsum binder - 71.4-83.3 and aqueous modifying lime suspension -16.7-28.6 composition, wt.%: hydrated lime - 0.3-0.6, sodium polycarboxylate - 3.0-6.0, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 1.5-3.0 wt.%, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.05-1 , 0, water - the rest, if necessary, subsequent application to the uncured gypsum layer of a grid or fabric from linen, cotton or synthetic n and then a foam layer in the form of a foam plate or plate on the side of the surface that has been pretreated with a solution containing, wt.%: hydrated lime - 0.5-1.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02-0.05, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 20.0-25.0, sodium polysulfomelaminate - 20.0-25.0, water - the rest, after hardening the lower gypsum layer, if necessary, apply a mesh or fabric on the foam layer, gypsum layer of the same composition as for the lower gypsum layer and after hardening of the gypsum layers, the product is dried at a temperature not more than 50 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 5%. 2. A method of obtaining a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material (product), comprising machining a foam board, subsequent pouring or applying to it an aqueous composite gypsum suspension, including, wt.%: Gypsum binder 71,4-83,3 and aqueous modifying suspension 16 , 7-28.6, containing, wt.%: Sodium polycarboxylate - 3.0-6.0, potassium polymethylsiliconate - 1.5-3.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.05-1.0, hydrated lime - 0 , 3-0.6, water - the rest, and drying the product after hardening of the formed gypsum layer at Temperature less than 50 ° C and humidity not more than 5%. 3. The method of obtaining a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material (product) according to claim 2, characterized in that after hardening the formed gypsum layer, the same aqueous composite gypsum suspension is applied to another surface of the foam. 4. A method of obtaining a sandwich light gypsum-foam composite material (product), comprising treating the surface of the foam with a solution containing, wt.%: Hydrated lime - 0.5-1.0, sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.02-0.05, potassium polymethylsiliconate or sodium - 20.0-25.0, sodium polysulfomelaminate - 20.0-25.0, water - the rest, and then applying a grid or fabric of linen, cotton or synthetic yarns and applying a gypsum slurry and, if necessary, on another surface of the foam, applying nets or linen fabrics, cotton important or synthetic threads and then applying gypsum slurry. 5. Sandwich light gypsum-foam composite product according to one of claims 1, 2, or 3, 4, consisting of at least one gypsum board or gypsum layer and / or foam layer of a plate or foam embossed side if necessary, treated with an aqueous modifying lime suspension and including, if necessary, a reinforcing layer made of mesh or fabric from linen, or cotton, or synthetic fibers. 6. Sandwich light gypsum-foam composite product according to claim 5, characterized in that a foam layer is enclosed between the gypsum layers or plates, the surface of which, if necessary, is pre-treated with an aqueous modifying lime suspension, while the inner surfaces of the sandwich product have physical and mechanical adhesion. 7. Sandwich light gypsum-foam composite product according to claim 5, characterized in that if there are several gypsum layers in it, a foam layer is enclosed between them, the surface of which, if necessary, is pre-treated with an aqueous modifying lime suspension, while the inner surfaces of the sandwich product have a physical mechanical clutch.