RU2343001C1 - Crushing plant for bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: motors and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: crushing plant for bulk materials consists of housing with loading and unloading devices. There is a crushing unit inside the housing. It consists of two rollers arranged symmetrically at both sides from the deck. The deck is installed so that can vibrate in vertical direction. The deck includes prismatic part with rough surface and flat part at the deck bottom. The flat part has rectangular cross-section and riffled surface. Riffle parameters ensure vibration displacement of material to the side of roller.

EFFECT: improved productivity, reduced consumption of materials and power for crushing plant.

3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a device for grinding bulk materials and can be used in mills of grain processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.

Known roller mill for grinding grain and other products, containing a housing, paired rollers rotating at different speeds (see Sokolov AA "Technological equipment of enterprises for storage and processing of grain." - M .: Kolos, 1984, - C. 238 ... 256; Antipov S.T., Kremov I.T., Ostrikov A.N., Panfilov V.A., Urakov O.A. “Machines and devices for food production.” - M.: Higher School, 2001, - S. 415 ... 423).

The disadvantages of the known roller machine are the design complexity, low productivity of one pair of rollers, high material and energy consumption of the machine due to the large diameter of the grinding roller (250 mm), the minimum allowable value of which depends on the capture angle α, which should be less than the grain friction angle φ on the roll surface, i.e. tgα <tgφ (see A. Sokolov “Technological equipment of grain storage and processing enterprises.” - M .: Kolos, 1984, - С.238 ... 256). With a decrease in the diameter of the paired-working rollers, the condition of grain capture into the gap between them is violated, the productivity of the machine sharply decreases.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a bulk material shredder comprising a housing with loading and unloading devices, inside of which a grinding roll with grooves and floating vanes installed in them is eccentrically installed (see SU 844043, M.cl. В02С 4 / 06, published on 07/07/1981).

The disadvantages of the known grinder of bulk materials are the design complexity and low reliability of its operation due to the presence of floating blades installed in the grooves. The movement (swimming) of the blades in the landing holes may be impaired when particles of crushed granular material fall into the gap and large values of the bending moment from the resistance forces occur during compaction of the material in the capture and grinding zone. The disadvantage is the difficulty of feeding the air-grain mixture into the case window with a small amount of closed space between the blades rotating in the case, forcing air from the case into the loading window or sucking air into the discharge window. In addition, when the blades and the material move with the roll rotation speed, the gap between the surfaces of the roll and the casing acts as a pressing channel with a friction coefficient tgφ of the pressed material over the casing surface. Grinding of the product in the channel is possible with a thin single-layer movement of grain, and with multilayer grain movement, they will be pressed with the destruction of the extreme grains on the surface of the body. Therefore, with a single-layer supply of grain to the grinding zone, there will be practically no increase in productivity, and the quality of its grinding in the pressing channel will be low. The compacted grain layer is crushed only on one side on the surface of the casing, provided that this surface has a certain roughness, and with a smooth surface and tgφ = tgψ, the pressed material glides and briquettes the grain with pressure, where tgφ and tgψ are the external and internal coefficients, respectively friction of the grain material.

Thus, the technical result of the invention is to increase productivity, reducing the material and energy consumption of the grinder.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known grinder of bulk materials containing a housing with loading and unloading devices, inside of which a grinding working element is installed, according to the invention, the latter consists of two rollers located symmetrically on both sides of the deck, which can be vibrated in the vertical direction wherein the deck contains the upper prismatic part with a rough surface and the lower flat part of a rectangular section with a corrugated surface, p wherein parameters of riffle provide vibratory movement of the material in the direction of drum rotation.

Distinctive features of the claimed device are the presence of a new structural element, namely a vibrating deck containing the upper prismatic and lower flat parts, and its installation between two rollers rotating in the opposite direction. Such an installation of a new structural element (deck) forms separate gaps with the cylindrical surface of each of the rollers for processing two separate grain flows instead of one in comparison with the existing design of machines with paired rollers. This reduces the angle and increases the reliability of the capture of grain in the area of the grinding gap between two pairs of valdedec work surfaces. And this, in turn, helps to reduce the drum diameter necessary for grabbing grain, which ensures a reduction in the material and energy consumption of the grinder.

Improving the conditions for grinding grain of one stream on one side of the deck is due to phased grinding in two grinding gaps. First, the grain is crushed in the upper gap I, formed between the rotating surface of the roller and the inclined rough surface of the upper prismatic part of the deck. Next, the pre-crushed grain material is subjected to grinding in the gap II, formed by the corrugated surface of the lower part of the deck and a rotating drum. The first stage of coarse grinding in the upper grinding gap of size Δ occurs when it is periodically crushed as a result of vibrating the deck in the vertical direction with a frequency of at least 1500 vibrations per minute and an amplitude of not more than 3 mm (vibration conditions) with a minimum gap Δ = 1 mm. And the second stage occurs at the required constant size of the grinding gap, which provides the final grinding of grain between the corrugated surfaces of the deck and the rotating roller. At the same time, the lower part of the deck has corrugated surfaces on both sides, the design parameters of the corrugations of which do not differ from the known ones and form angles: backs β = 70 °, tooth sharpenings γ = 90 ° and tip ξ = 20 °. The tops of the teeth are made in a known manner in the form of a flat platform with a width of 0.1 ... 0.15 mm, necessary for the accuracy of the shape of the surface of the deck and the cylinder of the drum. When the drum rotates with a frequency of 940 rpm and the deck moves upward during vibration, the angle of the back of the corrugations does not allow the product to move upward from the grinding gap, but rather contributes to pushing it down towards the rotation of the drum and then in the direction of gravity and the material exit the grinding zone . Moreover, the vibration frequency provides such a speed of vibrational movement of the material in the direction of the rotating surface of the drum, at which the ratio of the speeds of the working paired working surfaces of the deck - roller is k = 4.6 / 2 = 2.3 and on average corresponds to the existing regime of grain grinding between the paired working rollers of known machine tools.

Thus, a new set of the listed design features and elements that are interconnected with each other leads to an increase in the technical properties of the grain grinder design, expressed in an increase in its productivity by creating two separate valdedec grinding grinding bodies consisting of two rollers with a vibrating roller installed between them deck and providing grinding of two separate streams of grain. In addition, each waltzdec working body forms two successively grinding gaps, providing preliminary and final grinding of grain. Two rollers with a vibrating deck installed between them provide the productivity of two existing paired-working rollers or four rollers of an existing machine, i.e. the proposed grain grinder provides an almost two-fold increase in productivity and a corresponding decrease in the material and energy consumption of the machine. The decrease in the angle of capture α provides a decrease in the diameter of the drum in the proposed grinder, as a result, there will be a decrease in the mass of the drum and its drive power, which reduces the material and energy consumption of the proposed grain grinder.

Comparison of the proposed grinder of bulk materials with other known technical solutions from the prior art for patent and scientific and technical documentation revealed that the authors have not identified solutions that include a combination of features similar or equivalent to those claimed.

The essence of the proposed design of the grinder of bulk products is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross section of the grinder, in Fig. 2 - the upper zone or stage of preliminary coarse grain grinding, in Fig. 3 - the lower zone or stage of the final grinding of pre-ground grain.

The shredder, in particular the grain, contains a housing 1, inside which two rollers 2 are installed. The rollers 2 are located symmetrically on both sides of the deck, which is mounted with the possibility of vibration in the vertical direction. The deck contains the upper 3 prismatic part with a rough surface and the lower 4 flat part of a rectangular section having a corrugated surface on both sides. The parameters of the corrugations of the lower part of the 4 deck, forming the angles of the back β = 70 °, the sharpening of the teeth γ = 90 ° and the tip ξ = 20 °, provide vibrational movement of the crushed material in the direction of rotation of the drum 2 (see figure 3). The upper part 3 of the deck is provided with a guide hole 5 of a rectangular shape in cross section, symmetrically made along the vertical axis of the deck. Through the hole 5 passes the upper 6 support-guide beam, fixedly mounted on the frame (not shown in Fig.). The upper part 3 of the deck is equipped with a casing 7 and a vibrator 8.

Beneath the deck, the lower 9 supporting-guide beam with a groove, which includes the end of the lower part of the 4 deck, is fixedly mounted on the frame. The guide hole 5 of the upper part 3 of the deck and the installation of the end of the lower part 4 of the deck in the groove of the support-guide beam 9 provide vibration of the deck in the vertical direction.

The chopper is also equipped with a loading hopper 10, under which is located the connecting and adjusting pipe 11. The latter is connected to the channel 12 for the flow of bulk material into the grinding zone. In the lower part of the housing 1, an exhaust pipe 13 and an air receiver 14 of the crushed product are installed (see Fig. 1).

In position I (figure 2) shows the angle α of the capture of grain 15, adopted spherical shape with a diameter of d, into the gap of size Δ formed between the surface of the drum 2 and the rough surface of the upper prismatic part 3 of the deck. At position II (FIG. 3), the angle of capture of a particle of pre-ground material into a gap of size Δ 'formed between roller 2 and the corrugated surface of the lower flat part 4 of the deck is shown.

The proposed chopper operates as follows.

The initial grain material to be crushed enters the grinder through the feed hopper 10, the connecting and regulating nozzle 11 and channels 12 into zone I - the first grinding stage with the size of the grinding gap Δ formed between the surfaces of the rolling rollers 2 facing each other and the upper prismatic part 3 deck, vibrating in the vertical direction (see figure 2). After preliminary grinding, the material enters the grinding gaps formed on both sides of the flat lower part 4 of the deck, providing vibrational movement of the crushed material at a speed of 1.8 m / s in the direction of rotation of the drum 2 and then to the exit from the grinding gap of size Δ ', while deck vibration frequency n≥1500 rpm and vibration amplitude A≤3 mm. With a decrease in the diameter of the drum from 250 mm to 200 mm, the ratio of the speeds of the drum and the vibration displacement is 2.3, which provides a normal condition for the final grinding of the product in the lower grinding gap with a set size Δ '. The crushed material through the pipe 13 enters the pneumatic receiver 14.

The implementation of the present invention does not require large expenditures on existing twin-roller machines of mill units of the type “Farmer”, it can be carried out by installing a vibrating deck between the rollers and will provide a doubling of the productivity of the grinding pair without a significant change in the operation of the rollers, as our study of the U1 machine shows -RSA-2 in the laboratory at the Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering of the East Siberian State Technological University (VSTU).

The introduction of such a grain grinder has a great prospect on a national and foreign scale, will give a great economic effect, will be widely used primarily in rural grain processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.

Claims (1)

A bulk material shredder comprising a housing with loading and unloading devices, inside which a grinding working element is installed, characterized in that the latter consists of two rollers located symmetrically on both sides of the deck, which is installed with the possibility of vibrating in the vertical direction, while the deck contains a top a prismatic part with a rough surface and a lower flat part of a rectangular section with a corrugated surface, the parameters of the flutes of which provide vibrational movement material in the direction of rotation of the drum.

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