RU2341101C1 - Method of obtaining of forage for ruminants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of forage obtaining for the ruminants, including barda neutralisation to pH 6.5-7.0, differing that for neutralisation uses the dry composition including, in recalculation on one ton of barda, calcium lime - 3.5-4.0 kg and glucose - 1.0-5.0 kg.

EFFECT: allows raising comprehensibility of a product, to raise a period of storage.

4 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to feed production, in particular to the production of feed based on waste from alcohol production for fattening cattle.

A known method of obtaining a feed product, comprising mixing the stillage with bioadditive - hydroponic greens grown in tray boxes on a nutrient substrate consisting of sphagnum peat and sopropel in a ratio of 2: 1, which is evenly placed in hydroponic tray boxes, is spread on top with a thin layer of feed grain at a mass ratio of grain: substrate equal to 1: 4, the drawer trays are placed on the shelves in a warm bright room with an air temperature of 20-22 degrees and humidity 70-80% for 1-10 days, sprayed seedlings after 3-4 hours in first 2-3 days of germination of grain and 2-3 times a day on the next day of growing greens, which is then extracted and crushed into a homogeneous pasty mass together with the substrate and mixed with natural stillage, while a mixture of cereal and legume grains is used as feed grain equal proportions, and the forcing of greenery is carried out to a height of sprouts of 17-20 cm [1].

Barda, enriched with biologically active additives containing vitamin-mineral substances in its composition, allows to increase the value of the feed product for young cattle, however, the process of obtaining the product is associated with significant labor and energy costs. In addition, the feed product is prone to separation into liquid and solid phases, which complicates the dosage of the diet, and sulfuric and a number of organic acids present in the fresh bard, not being neutralized, affect the reproductive functions of the animal and worsen the process of digestion of the feed. The use of non-acidified product extends the duration of the service period. The product in this condition is susceptible to mold damage during storage for several days, which complicates the requirements for the product storage process in a large-scale production, and its liquid consistency reduces the efficiency of assimilation of the product to animals.

There is a method of fattening young cattle with a fodder product, including vinasse, concentrates and bulky feed, with periodic regulation of the nutritional value of the diet and the ratio of components in it at each of the three stages of fattening in the following ranges, in% of nutritional value [2]:

in the first stage in the second stage in the third stage Barda 29-31 35-36 25-27 Concentrates 47-49 50-51 66-78 Bulky feed (hay, hay,
straw, green mass) 20-22 13-14 6-8

The process of obtaining this feed product is associated with less labor and energy costs compared to the product according to [1], however, this product has disadvantages similar to the disadvantages of the product according to [1].

A known method of obtaining feed for ruminants, comprising mixing the stillage with a carbohydrate-containing plant material, hydrolysis of the mixture and neutralization, in which as the carbohydrate-containing raw materials use high undegraded peat and the mixture is hydrolyzed with a 1.0-1.5% hydrochloric acid solution at 90 -95 degrees for 1.5-2 hours, and the neutralization is carried out in two stages: in the first - with ammonia water to a pH of 3-4, in the second - with sodium or calcium hydroxide to a pH of 6.5-7.0 [3].

The method in combination of essential features is closest to the invention and adopted as a prototype.

The method allows to increase the content of easily digestible carbohydrates in the feed, its implementation does not require special technological equipment and expensive reagents, however, the use of hydrochloric acid solution for hydrolysis of the feed mixture and the subsequent two-stage neutralization significantly complicate and cost up the process of obtaining feed. In addition, the process of neutralizing hydrochloric acid is accompanied by an increase in the water content in the product, which leads to increased stratification of the product components into liquid and solid phases and worsen the conditions for dosing the diet. The liquid consistency of the product does not contribute to its retention in the animal’s stomach and reduces the efficiency of feed absorption.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for producing feed for ruminant animals based on vinasse, containing in the initial state an excessive amount of sulfuric and organic acids, which, with a minimum amount of components, minimum labor and energy costs, would provide a high-quality gel-like feed, eliminating delamination of the components, with optimum acidity and viscosity, with an extended shelf life.

The problem is solved in that in the method of obtaining feed for ruminants, including the neutralization of stillage to pH 6.5-7.0, a dry composition is used to neutralize, including, in terms of one ton of stillage, calcium oxide is 3.5-4.0 kg and glucose - 1.0-5.0 kg.

When using the invention, a technical result can be obtained, which is expressed in achieving the optimum pH of the stillage using inexpensive reagents with minimal labor, in gel form, not subject to delamination, with an increased shelf life, and improved digestibility of the product.

The method of obtaining feed is carried out by introducing a dry composition into the stillage, including, in terms of one ton of stillage, calcium oxide - 3.5-4.0 kg and glucose - 1.0-5.0 kg.

Example 1

The pH of the stillage was measured after adding a dry composition of calcium oxide and glucose in different ratios (Table 1).

Table 1 Dose of CaO application, kg / t Dose of glucose, kg / t 0 1,0 3.0 5,0 10.0 2.0 5.87 6.15 6.17 6.18 6.19 3.0 6.38 6.40 6.42 6.44 6.47 3,5 6.59 6.62 6.66 6.68 6.70 4.0 6.82 6.83 6.85 6.86 6.90 4,5 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.15 7.16 Note: when the content of calcium oxide in bard is 3.0 kg / t and higher on the surface of the product after storage for four days mold did not form; on the surface of the product with a lower content of calcium oxide, a mold layer formed on the second day of storage.

The table shows that with an increase in the content of calcium oxide, the acidity of the stillage decreases. The acidity of the stillage for the same amount of calcium oxide also decreases with increasing amount of added glucose.

Example 2

The pH of the stillage was measured after adding only glucose (table 2)

Table 2. The amount of glucose, kg / t 0 1,0 3.0 5,0 10.0 Bard acidity, pH 3.87 3.87 3.87 3.87 3.87

The table shows that the introduction of only glucose does not affect the acidity of the stillage. From a joint review of the data in tables 1 and 2, it follows that glucose is able to affect the change in acidity only in the presence of calcium oxide. The observed synergism is apparently due to the fact that glucose forms a strong complex compound with calcium ions, thereby increasing the degree of dissociation of calcium hydroxide, which leads to an increase in the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the solution, i.e., to an increase in the pH of the solution when glucose is added to the solution where calcium oxide was introduced.

Example 3

Measured the viscosity of the stillage after adding calcium oxide (table 3)

Table 3. The dose of calcium oxide, kg / t 0 2.0 4.0 10.0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 Viscosity, seconds. 1,5 1,6 1.7 2.0 2,8 3.0 3.11 4.2

The table shows that with an increase in the content of added calcium oxide, the viscosity of the solution increases. Perhaps as a result of the formation of a colloidal solution with calcium sulfate as the core of the future micelle. In addition, the viscosity increases as a result of the binding of part of the water molecules by calcium oxide to form calcium hydroxide. As a result, the concentration of water decreases, and the concentration of the calcium compound increases, which should lead to an increase in the viscosity of the solution.

Example 4

The viscosity of the stillage with a different amount of added calcium oxide and glucose was measured (Table 4).

Table 4. CaO content, kg / t Glucose content, kg / t Viscosity, seconds 4.0 5,0 2.1 10.0 2,4 20,0 3.0 40,0 5,0 4,5 10.0 4.8 20,0 6.0

The table shows that the viscosity of the stillage increases with increasing glucose at various concentrations of calcium oxide.

Example 5

We studied the effect of feeding deoxidated vinasse on the productivity of cows and blood composition.

Cow consumption of deoxidated stillage is 10 kg per day (12-13% of the total amount of chyme). Calcium oxide was introduced into the experimental bard at the rate of 4 kg per ton and glucose - 5.0 kg per ton of bard. 32 cows participated in the experiment, 22 of them in the control group and 10 in the experimental group. The diet of the control group included the original unresolved bard in the same range.

Research data during the two spring months showed that, with a general tendency toward a spring decrease in milk yield in the experimental group, a decrease in milk yield was less noticeable. In the control group, the decrease was more intense by 30.16% than in the experimental group. Those. feeding deoxidated stillage had a positive effect on the amount of milk. The qualitative composition of milk is also better for cows fed deoxidated bard. In the control group, the fat content in milk in February was 3.88%, in March - 3.92%, in the experimental group - 3.86 and 4.0%, respectively. The absolute increase in the experimental group by 0.14%, in the control - by 0.004% or less by 0.1%.

Studies of the biochemical composition of blood showed that the reserve alkalinity did not have significant differences between the groups.

The calcium content in the blood of the experimental cows is 11.85 mg%, in the control - 10.7 mg% or 1.15% higher in the experimental animals. The phosphorus content is also higher in experimental cows - 6.68 mg% versus 6.43 mg%.

Recent data also support the feeding of deoxidated stillage to animals.

Information sources

1. Patent of Russia No. 2280372, cl. A23K 1/16, publ. 2006.07.27.

2. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1207456, cl. A23K 1/00, publ. 01/30/86, Bull. Number 4.

3. USSR copyright certificate No. 865259, cl. A23K 1/00, publ. 09/23/81, Bull. No. 35 is a prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining feed for ruminants, including the neutralization of stillage to a pH of 6.5-7.0, characterized in that to neutralize using a dry composition, including, in terms of one ton of stillage, calcium oxide 3.5-4.0 kg and glucose 1 , 0-5.0 kg.