RU2340442C2 - Line of wood complex processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes, construction.

SUBSTANCE: line contains accumulator, supply conveyor, locator devices, chipper-canter with end-conical cutters installed in supports with the possibility of displacement, roller bed, gang saw, transporter, accumulator of products, mechanism of transportation for pulpchips and sawdust, hopper for pulpchips and sawdust. Line contains cyclone furnace that is connected by means of auger transporter with hopper for pulpchips and sawdust, heat exchanger of workshop air heating connected to the furnace, drying chamber with heat exchanger, which is connected to heat exchanger of workshop heating system. Supply conveyor is arranged as catenary, locator devices consists of locator device of supply container that includes detachable tray and set of sharpened polished disks, which are fixed in the shaft with the possibility of displacement along vertical line independently on each other and oriented with their plane along the log, locator device of chipper-canter, which includes pressing disks with set of springs, which are installed in casings that are installed in end grooves of cutters with the possibility of rotation independently on cutter rotation, and supporting bar with guide disks that are displaced along the thread and installed at the outlet from chipper-canter. End-conical cutters are arranged as four-staged eight-threaded with installation of cutters along spiral in the grooves of the surface of every stage with location of their cutting edge parallel to cylindrical surface of the stage and protruding at least 25 mm above the surface. Line contains planer, hopper for dry chips, which is connected by means of pneumatic pipeline with planer, and press for preparation of fuel briquettes from chips.

EFFECT: increase of log location stability and simplification of end-conical cutter design.

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Description

The invention relates to woodworking equipment for integrated waste-free processing of logs into lumber using waste (wood chips and sawdust).

Among the known equipment for processing wood into lumber, milling and sawing lines have the highest level of concentration of operations. These include the LFP-3 line, including a belt conveyor, a roller conveyor with a centering device, a feed conveyor with a basing device in the form of three upper clamped grooved rollers, an FB-3 milling and chipping machine, including end-conical mills placed on movable calipers, a base device consisting of two exhaust rollers, a drive and a clamp mechanism in the form of a spring-loaded corrugated roller. The line contains a circular saw for sawing a bar into boards, a roller conveyor for moving a package of boards to a sorting device, a device for transporting technological chips, a silo for collecting chips (see E.M. Borovikov et al. Sawing on modular equipment. M .: Lesnaya industry. - 1985, p. 124-126; 116-119).

Closest to the claimed line is the line milling and sawing LFP-2, including a drive, a tilter, a roller conveyor with side stops for clamping a log, a milling and chipper FB-3, including face-conical mills of a special design with four knives, placed on movable calipers, a basing device consisting of two drive exhaust rollers and a clamp mechanism in the form of a spring-loaded corrugated roller. In addition, the line contains a circular saw, a device for transporting technological chips and sawdust, a hopper for collecting chips and sawdust (see E.M. Borovikov and others. Sawing on modular equipment. M .: Forest industry. - 1985, p.115 -124).

The disadvantages of the known lines include:

- incomplete use of wood in the processing of logs;

- unstable basing of the log during operation, reducing the quality of the processed surface, due to the rigidity of the pressure grooved rollers, not copying the roughness of the log;

- the complexity of the designs used on them end-conical cutters;

- increased complexity and complexity of installation of the cutter knives, due to the need to orient the knives when fixing them to the knife spiral.

In the inventive line for the integrated processing of wood on a milling and lumbering machine, face-conical multi-knife milling cutters are used.

Known milling cutters of this type with molded cases in the form of a truncated cone with the installation of knives in a spiral in the grooves of the body.

Known designs of multi-knife face-conical mills ALTI, consisting of a hub with blades fixed to them by welding, covered by a rim. Seats for four knives are made on the front surface of each blade. Forty knives are installed on the ten blades of the mill, forming two knife spirals (see E.M. Borovikov et al. Sawing on modular equipment. M: Forestry industry. - 1985, p. 74-77).

The disadvantages of the known end-conical mill-knife mills are the design complexity, increased complexity and complexity of the installation of knives, due to the need to orient the knives when fastening them on the knife spiral by moving them along the blade in the radial and axial directions.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is the most effective integrated use of wood raw materials, increasing the stability of the base of the log, improving the quality of the processing surface and reducing the loss of output of lumber, simplifying the design of the end-conical mill, mounting and dismantling the cutter cutters and increasing their life.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the complex wood processing line containing a drive, a conveyor belt, basing devices, a milling and lumbering machine with end-conical milling cutters placed on supports with the possibility of movement, a roller table, a multi-saw machine, a conveyor, a product storage device, a technological transportation mechanism chips and sawdust, a hopper for chips and sawdust, contains a cyclone firebox connected by a screw conveyor with a hopper for chips and sawdust, an air-heating system heat exchanger the workshop, connected to the furnace, a drying chamber with a heat exchanger connected to the heat exchanger of the heating system of the workshop, while the feed conveyor is made chain, the base devices consist of the feed device base station, including a removable tray and a set of sharpened grinding disks mounted on the shaft with the possibility of movement vertically independently from each other and oriented by a plane along the log, the basing device of the milling-blocking machine, including pressure plates with a block of springs placed in housings installed in the end recesses of the milling cutters with the possibility of rotation regardless of the rotation of the milling cutter, and supporting rulers with guide disks moving along the thread installed at the exit of the milling and chipper machine, and the milling bevel mills are made of four-stage eight-way with the location of the cutters along spirals in the recesses of the surface of each step with the location of their cutting edge parallel to the cylindrical surface of the step and protruding at least 25 mm above the surface, with this line additionally contains a planing machine, a hopper for dry chips, connected by a pneumatic pipe to a planing machine, and a press for receiving fuel briquettes from the chips.

Introduction to the line of a cyclone furnace providing hot flue gases during the combustion of waste (wood chips and sawdust) coming from the milling and sawing machines and sent to the heat exchanger for air heating of the workshop and to the heat exchanger of the drying chamber for drying lumber allows for almost 100% -but use the wood coming for processing to produce dry boards and use sawmill waste to heat the workshop and dry lumber.

Using a tray and sharpened grinding disks oriented flat along the log mounted on the shaft for basing the log in the feed conveyor allows the disks to move vertically under their own weight, crashing into the log, and roll over the log when moving it, copying its uneven surface, reliably fixing the log, excluding its rotation around its axis, increasing the stability of the base, which leads to an improvement in the quality of surface treatment and reduces the loss of output of lumber.

The use of clamping discs installed in the basing mechanism of a milling and trimming machine mounted protruding 0.2-0.5 mm above the cutting edge of the cutter in the housings located in the end recesses of the cutter with the possibility of rotation independently of the cutter, which improve the geometric accuracy of the processing and exclude the tightening of the log as well as the use of a support line with guide disks moving along the thread installed at the exit of the milling and shrouding machine, it increases the stability of basing, improving the quality of processing and zhaya loss lumber output.

The execution of a four-stage eight-end face-conical milling cutter with a spiral arrangement of cutters in the recesses of the cutter with the location of the cutting edge parallel to the cylindrical surface simplifies its design, makes it easy to remove cutters for sharpening them, it is easy to install directly on the machine and get fuel chips 10-12 mm long and 1.5 mm thick. The installation of the cutter protruding not less than 25 mm above the cylindrical surface of the cutter stage allows a large number of sharpening, increasing the life of the cutter.

Figure 1 - General view of the line (side view).

Figure 2 - General view of the line (top view).

Figure 3 - Section along aa in figure 1 (drying chamber with heat exchanger).

Figure 4 - Diagram of the underlying mechanisms.

Figure 5 - Section along aa in figure 4. General view of the basing device feed chain conveyor.

6 is a General view of a multi-cut end-conical milling cutter in section.

Fig.7 - View A in Fig.6.

Fig. 8 is a General view of the cutter of a face-conical mill.

Fig.9 - View A in Fig.8.

The complex wood processing line includes sequentially installed: feed chain conveyor 1 with a chain transverse feed conveyor 2 and a basing device 3, consisting of a removable tray 4 and a set of sharpened grinding discs 5, fixed on the shaft 6 with lock nuts 7 with the ability to move vertically under its own weight independently of each other and oriented by a plane along the log. The total gap between the disks 5 is not more than 0.1 mm, and the inner diameter of the disks 5 is twice as large as the diameter of the shaft 6. The line also includes a milling and chipper 8 with multi-cutting end-conical mills made in four stages with spiral cutters. Each cutter has 48 incisors forming eight knife spirals, and additional incisors providing passage of the log with a diameter of more than 300 mm. Milling cutters are placed on calipers moving in a horizontal plane to set the milling cutters to the required beam size. The base device of the milling and chipper machine consists of pressure disks 9 mounted protruding 0.2-0.5 mm above the cutting edge of the cutters and provided with a block of springs 10 located in the housings 11 installed in the end recesses of the mills with the possibility of rotation regardless of the rotation of the milling cutter , and the supporting line 12 with guide discs 13 moving along the thread installed at the outlet of the milling and chipper machine. The line contains a roller table 14 for moving a two-wheeled or four-wheeled beam with a drive 15, a multi-saw machine 16, a roller table 17, a drive 18 of finished products (boards), a pipeline 19 of the transportation mechanism (pneumatic conveyance) of the technological chips and sawdust to the hopper 20. The hopper 20 is connected by a screw conveyor 21 with a cyclone furnace 22. The line also contains a heat exchanger 23 of the air heating system of the workshop, equipped with a fan 24 and connected to the furnace 22, a drying chamber 25 with a chamber heat exchanger 26, equipped with an exhaust fan 2 7 and connected to the heat exchanger 23 of the heating system of the workshop, while in the drying chamber 25 reversible fans 28 are installed, the line additionally contains a planer, a dry chip bin connected by a pneumatic pipe to a planer, and a press for receiving fuel briquettes from the chip (not shown).

Processing of logs on the line is performed in the following sequence.

The logs are individually delivered from the drive by a chain transverse conveyor 2 to the removable tray 4 of the chain conveyor 1. The logs in the feed conveyor 4 are based on a set of sharpened grinding discs 5, which, moving under their own weight vertically independently, cut into the log and, rolling along it, copy the irregularities of the log, excluding the rotation of the log around its axis. The conveyor 1 moves the log to the cutting mechanism of the milling-blocking machine, in which the basing, providing geometric accuracy of processing, is achieved by pressing the two-track beam by pressing disks 9, placed in the housings 11 due to the spring block 10. In the milling and blocking machine using face-conical mills the log is processed and transformed into a two-wheeled beam of the appropriate size. The wood chips obtained during the milling process are sent through the pneumatic conveying pipeline 19 to the hopper 20. A two-wheeled beam is fed with a roller table 14 to the drive 15. After passing a batch of logs through a milling and shaving machine and receiving a batch of two-wheeled boards, reconfigure the feed conveyor 1, removing the guides forming the tray 4, bolted. In addition, at the same time, the calipers are moved, reinstalling the end-conical milling cutters to the required beam size for the manufacture of a rectangular or square beam. Then, two-wheeled bars are laid on a flat surface of the feeding conveyor 1 and moved to a milling and chipper machine to produce a four-chute bar and fuel chips 10-12 mm long and 1.5 mm thick fed into the hopper 20 by pneumatic transport 19. From a chipper-boring machine a four-wheeled beam along the line 12 passes through the guide discs 13 and moves to the drive roller table 14, which feeds the beam into a multi-saw machine 16, sawing the beam into boards. Finished lumber arrives at the drive roller table 17, dropping boards to the receiving tires of drive 18. Sawdust from the multisaw machine is also fed through the pneumatic conveying pipe 19 to the hopper 20, while dust free of dust from the sawdust comes into the workshop, and wood chips and sawdust are fed by a screw conveyor 21 into cyclone firebox 22. When wood chips and sawdust are burned, hot hot gases enter the heat exchanger 23. The air supplied by the fan 24 is heated passing through the hot pipes of the heat exchanger 23 and fed to the air heating system of the workshop . Then, the hot hot gases entering the pipes of the heat exchanger 26 of the drying chamber 25 are heated, and the heated air is supplied by reversible fans 28 to the drying chamber 25 of the lumber (boards) loaded onto the carts from the storage unit 18. The dried boards are fed to the planer, and dry shavings entering the hopper is used for the manufacture of fuel briquettes.

The line, which provides 100% use of wood in an environmentally friendly energy-saving technological process, will find industrial application.

In addition, the possibility of partial use of the equipment of this line, namely, a milling and chipper machine with a feed conveyor and a rear conveyor driven by a car engine, directly on the cutting area will allow the removal of a two-wheeled or four-wheeled timber from the cutting area, while the resulting small chips and sawdust can crumble as fertilizer (do not require burning, excluding fires in the forest), which will significantly expand the industrial use of the claimed equipment.

Claims (1)

A complex wood processing line containing a drive, a conveyor belt, basing devices, a milling and lumbering machine with end-conical milling cutters placed on supports with the ability to move, live rolls, a multi-saw machine, a conveyor, a product storage, a mechanism for transporting wood chips and sawdust, a hopper for wood chips and sawdust, characterized in that the line contains a cyclone furnace connected by a screw conveyor with a hopper for wood chips and sawdust, a heat exchanger of the air heating system of the workshop, connected with the furnace, a drying chamber with a heat exchanger connected to the heat exchanger of the heating system of the workshop, the feed conveyor is made chain, the basing devices consist of the basing device of the feed conveyor, including a removable tray and a set of sharpened grinding disks mounted on the shaft with the ability to move vertically independently from each other and oriented plane along the log, the basing device of the milling and chipper machine, including pressure plates with a block of springs, placed in the housings installed in the end recesses of the cutters with the possibility of rotation regardless of the rotation of the cutter, and a supporting ruler with guiding disks moving along the thread installed at the exit of the milling and shrouding machine, and the end-conical mills are made of four-stage eight-way with the arrangement of cutters in a spiral in the recess the surface of each step with the location of their cutting edge parallel to the cylindrical surface of the step and protruding at least 25 mm above the surface, while the line tively comprises a planing machine, a hopper for dry shaving, coupled with tubing or piping planer and press to obtain from the chip fuel briquettes.

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