RU2338365C1 - Root-and-tuber harvesting combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: combine comprises frame-mounted plant-top removing device in the form of a rotor placed into a casing and having horizontal rotation axis perpendicular to the row being harvested, concave disc digger placed after the rotor of the plant-top removing device, root-and-tuber cleaning device made in the form of a multiple flight screw with a crate and a receiver and sloped at an acute angle to the horizon, hopper and carrier wheel under it. Rotor casing in the rear part is fitted with curtain baffle, beater in the form of a hollow cylinder and scraper which is parallel to the beater rotation axis with the gap equal to 0.5-2 mm relative to its generatrix and is jointed to the bracket of the rotor casing so that to adjust the above gap. The curtain baffle is fixed to the casing on its sidewalls and in the bottom part placed between the bracket and the scraper. The curtain baffle generatrix is inclined relative to the horizon at an angle exceeding the friction slope of plant-tops at the curtain baffle.

EFFECT: improving quality and reliability of the harvesting combine operation.

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Description

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting root crops, for example, potatoes, sugar, table and fodder beets.

Known beet harvester containing rotary topper with a horizontal axis of rotation, disk kopach, cam cleaner, longitudinal and inclined elevator [1].

A disadvantage of the known combine is the lack of a hopper.

Known single-row mounted combine harvester for harvesting table root crops KUD-1, containing a disk topper with a copier digging up a working body, consisting of digging staples and palm discs, a pile cleaner consisting of a longitudinal and transverse elevator and a hopper mounted above the tractor [2].

The disadvantages of this combine are the unsuitability of using its topper with a copier to trim the tops of fodder beets, the roots of which are loosely connected to the soil, as well as the high complexity of mounting the combine on the tractor.

Known harvester for harvesting feed root crops [3]. This harvester includes a rotary type top-cutter with a horizontal axis of rotation, disk digging machines, screw and rotary cleaners, as well as a bunker for root crops.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the complexity of the design and its unsuitability for harvesting potatoes.

A prototype of the invention is a mounted combine harvester for harvesting feed root crops [4]. The mounted combine harvester includes a rotary topper with a horizontal axis of rotation, disk digger, auger cleaner, and a bunker for root crops. At the same time, the combine has a simple and reliable design. However, with an insignificant casing width, the cut mass gradually grows on long stalks transverse, and as a result, the discharge opening is clogged with vegetation and tops. As a result, the tops fall out on an unclean row, which makes it difficult to dig out root crops, and, therefore, the quality and reliability of the combine harvester is deteriorating.

The purpose of the invention is improving the quality and reliability of the harvester.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the harvester for harvesting root crops, including a topper harvester mounted on the frame in the form of a rotor placed in the casing with a horizontal axis of rotation located across the row of rows to be harvested, a spherical disk digger located behind the topper of the topper, mounted at an acute angle to the horizon, the cleaner root crops in the form of a multi-auger screw with a crate and a receiving device, a hopper and a supporting wheel located under it, and a rotor casing in the rear part and equipped with an apron, beater, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, as well as a scraper located parallel to the axis of rotation of the beater with a gap of 0.5-2 mm relative to its generatrix and fixed to the bracket of the rotor casing with the possibility of adjusting the said gap, and the apron is attached to the casing on its sides, and in the lower part is placed between the bracket and the scraper, while the generatrix of the apron is located at an angle to the horizon, greater than the angle of friction of the tops and the apron.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a top view of the harvester; figure 2 is a side view; figure 3 is a rear view; figure 4 is a view of I figure 2.

On the frame 1 in the front part there is installed a rotary-type topper device 2 with a horizontal axis of rotation, which is placed in the casing 3. The topper-removal device 2 includes articulated knives. A disk spherical digger 4 is attached to the topper device 2. The forming casing 3 closes the rotor of the topper device 2 and passes over the digger 4. On the side of the digger there is a screw cleaner with a screw 5 and a crate 6. The screw axis is located at an acute angle to the horizontal and is placed in a vertical plane, parallel to the rotor axis of the topper device 2. The crate is made of strips that are attached to the ski 7, the lower part is buried in the soil. In the inlet (lower) part of the screw, a receiving device is coaxially fixed with it 8. This receiving device 8 is located relative to the ski 7 with a gap of 20-50 mm and is made in the form of a truncated cone surface, facing a smaller base to kopach 4, and fixed directly to the turns of the screw coaxially with him. At the outlet of the cleaner there is an unloading window 9, under which a hopper 10 is fixed to the frame 1 for harvested and peeled root crops. The combine with the attachment 11 is aggregated with the tractor using the hitch mechanism and rests on the support wheel 12 located directly under the hopper 10, ski 7 and kopach 4. The casing 3 ends with a rotating beater 13, scraper 14 and an apron 15.

The harvester works as follows.

When the tractor moves along the harvested section of the field to the side of the row to be harvested, the topper device 2 removes the tops from the root crops and directs the tops along the casing 3 through the digger 4. The digger 4 by working together with the ski 7, which cuts the soil layer, removes the root crops from the soil and directs them to the receiving device 8. The shape of the receiving device in the form of a surface of a truncated cone provides continuous capture of dug root crops, moving them up due to friction and to the side of the cleaner under action by centrifugal forces. A significant amount of soil is sifted in the gap between the receiving device 8 and the ski 7, and the remaining soil is sifted through the crate 6 when transporting root crops with a screw. The cleaned root crops are discharged through the unloading window 9 of the cleaner into the hopper 10. The removed tops are thrown onto the harvested row and filled up with soil sifted by the cleaner during the next passes of the combine. The rotating beater 13 pushes the stuck tops towards the apron 15, the scraper 14 removes the weeds wound on the beater 13 and presses the apron 15 to the combine body, and the apron directs the cut vegetation to the open row. Moreover, the angle of inclination relative to the horizon forming the apron is greater than the angle of friction of the tops and the apron to ensure the gathering of the cut mass.

Thus, the proposed harvester without clogging transports the cut tops, resulting in improved quality and reliability of its operation.

Information sources

1. A.S. 1306505 (USSR). Beet harvester / B.P. Shabelnik, I.N. Serebryakov, N.V. Tatyanko, etc. - Publ. in BI No. 16, 1987.

2. Didenko N.F., Khvostov V.A. Machines for harvesting vegetables. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1984. 320 p.

3. Patent (Germany) DE No. 3022845 (A1) Wihelm Stoll Maschinenfabrik GMBH, 07.29.1982.

4. Patent 2272394 (RF). Single row combine harvester / V.M. Martynov, G.P. Yukhin, A.M. Kalimullin, A.A. Katkov. - Publ. in BI No. 5, 2006.

Claims (1)

Mounted harvester for harvesting root crops, including a frame-mounted topping device in the form of a rotor placed in a casing with a horizontal axis of rotation located across the row to be harvested, a spherical disk digger located behind the top of the topping device rotor, mounted at a sharp angle to the horizontal with a crate and a receiving device, a hopper and a supporting wheel located under it, characterized in that the rotor casing in the rear part is provided an apron, a beater, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, as well as a scraper located parallel to the axis of rotation of the beater with a gap of 0.5-2 mm relative to its generatrix and fixed to the bracket of the rotor casing with the ability to adjust the said gap, and the apron is attached to the casing on its sides and in the lower part it is placed between the bracket and the scraper, while the generatrix of the apron is located at an angle to the horizon, greater than the angle of friction of the tops of the apron.

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