RU2338346C1 - Manual tilling device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: manual tilling device comprises an operation element including a blade with cutting edges, the width of the blade is decreasing in the direction to the cutting edges and the blade edge where a handle is fixed is bent. Cutting edges are placed on the perimeter of the blade, the cross side of the blade is slanted and the slant view on the horizontal plane relative to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal blade axis forms an angle ≤45°. The blade body is bent from the longitudinal axis in the direction of cutting edges so that short lengthwise cutting edge of the blade is placed in the horizontal plane and is an arc of a circle with the radius of 100±20 mm and the centre on the side of the blade front surface. Angle between the back surface and the vertical line passed through the short lengthwise cutting edge is gradually altered in the direction to the blade edge from 10 to 45°. The operation element and the handle are connected by intermediary insert serving as a load.

EFFECT: design allows reducing physical efforts when hoeing over heavy soils and improving hoeing quality due to efficient tool form.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural implements, in particular to manual garden tools intended for cultivating the soil, performing work on caring for plants and weed control both in personal subsidiary plots and in the implementation of urban landscaping.

As the closest analogue, a manual tillage implement was adopted (RF patent No. 2197796, IPC А01В 1/00, А01В 1/10, publ. 02/10/2003), the working body of which contains a blade having cutting edges and a bed for attaching the handle. The blade in the direction of the bed has the shape of a chute, and the cutting edge of the blade and the center line of the bed for attaching the handle are located so that their projections on any plane held relative to the front surface of the blade are at an angle of 15-120 ° to each other, and on the plane drawn parallel to the centerline of the bed for attaching the handle perpendicular to the first plane drawn, at an angle of 30-110 °. The thickness of the blade is made decreasing towards the cutting edge. The bed for attaching the handle has more than one hole for fasteners, such as bolts. The blade has an additional cutting edge.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is that the proposed tool is not suitable for processing sod, compacted and heavy soils, because is a plane cutter, and the design of this tool does not allow applying the traditional principle of soil hoeing. Loosening on such soils with a lightweight and not sufficiently strong implement is impossible. In addition, the flat shape of the blade when moving in a horizontal plane after deepening cannot well destroy the dense vertical layer of soil above the implement.

The invention solves the problem of reducing physical effort when loosening sod, compacted and heavy soils to a depth of 30 cm while improving the quality of loosening due to a more rational form of the tool, which makes it possible to combine four processing principles in work: a plane cutter, a hoe, a scythe, a plow share.

The necessary technical solution is achieved by the fact that in the known manual tillage implement, the working body of which contains a blade with cutting edges, the thickness of which is made decreasing towards the cutting edges, and the end of the blade to which the handle is attached is bent, it is proposed to arrange the cutting edges around the perimeter of the blade , the transverse side of the blade to perform with a bevel, the projection of which on the horizontal plane is with a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blade, the angle ≤45 °, and the body of the blade is curved from the longitudinal axis in a direction towards the cutting edges so that shorter longitudinal cutting edge of the blade has been located in a horizontal plane and viewed by a circular arc with a radius of 100 ± 20 mm, the center of which is the front surface side of the blade. The angle between the rear surface and the vertical drawn through the short longitudinal cutting edge of the blade is proposed to be uniformly changed towards the end of the blade from 10 to 45 °, in addition, the working body and the handle are connected by means of an intermediate insert acting as a load.

The bed for attaching the handle is made in the intermediate insert and may, for example, have the shape of a truncated cone, tapering end to the blade.

The bent end of the blade is made circular in cross section and is mounted in the intermediate insert by one of the known mounting methods, and its axis makes a horizontal angle from 90 ° to 120 ° with the horizontal.

Blades can be interchangeable, varying in length, width and thickness.

The proposed differences are significant, since when cultivating the soil in vertical and inclined planes, the proposed fastening of the handle through an insert acting as a load to the blade allows it to be deepened to its full length without significant physical effort. A curved blade when pulling it in the soil after deepening creates the conditions for the shift and movement of individual parts of the upper soil layer relative to each other, which contributes to good loosening of compacted and heavy soils. The execution of the transverse side of the blade with a bevel that shortens one cutting edge helps to easily deepen the tool over its entire length, and the presence of cutting edges around the entire perimeter of the blade makes the tool more universal, makes it possible to choose the optimal position of the tool based on specific working conditions.

The attached graphic materials show:

figure 1 - manual tillage implement, front view;

figure 2 is the same, a top view;

figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 4 is a section bB in figure 1;

figure 5 - section bb in figure 1.

The following notations are used on graphic materials:

blade - 1; longitudinal short cutting edge of the blade - 2; longitudinal long cutting edge of the blade - 3; cutting edge on the bevel of the blade - 4; insert - 5; bed under the stalk - 6; the front surface of the blade is 7; the rear surface of the blade is 8.

The working blade of the proposed tool has rigidity, because made by hot forging from a round steel bar of suitable diameter, followed by sharpening and hardening. The optimal length of the blade along the axis varies between 13-20 cm, and the width is within 4-6 cm. Recommended sizes are selected empirically. The experiments showed that the optimal bending radius of the short longitudinal cutting edge of the blade lies within 100 ± 20 mm. A larger bending radius is used if necessary to operate the tool as an oblique, i.e. cutting off the top layer of turf or weeds, and the smallest bending radius of the short longitudinal cutting edge creates the best conditions for loosening any soil. Made and tested four modifications of the proposed tools, designed for use on soils of different densities and depending on the physical capabilities of the worker.

An example of the use of tools for processing heavy soils.

The hand tool is held in hands so that the blade is positioned relative to the soil surface at a certain angle depending on the operation being performed.

When treating soddy soil, it is first advisable to cut off the layer of turf, working as an oblique tool. Then they start loosening the soil to the depth of the blade (about 30 cm), deepening it with a sharp-pointed end into the ground to the entire depth, after which they pull the handle on itself, while the curved blade, cutting the soil layer, moves and rotates the individual parts of the layer, like a ploughshare plow, and brings to the surface the roots of weeds. The quality of loosening is significantly improved.

Positioning the front surface of the blade at different angles to the direction of movement of the handle, the soil is loosened to different widths. Due to the beveled pointed part of the blade and the insert, which enhances the impact of the worker, it is possible to deepen the working body without special physical efforts and loosen the caked ground, which is difficult to give in to other tools. During processing, weeds are cut, as well as shoots, for example, raspberries.

Loosening the soil by the working body alternately in the horizontal, vertical and intermediate planes completely replaces digging or plowing and subsequent harrowing for all garden crops, while the physical effort that needs to be spent on soil treatment using the proposed tool is much less than when treating the site with a shovel and other hand tools, including one accepted as an analogue. This is due to the fact that the implement is equipped with an additional load, which allows you to deepen the implement without the application of great physical effort (which is absolutely necessary when treating heavy soils with an analogue tool), and good loosening of the soil is ensured in one pass of the implement, as a result of which there is no need for subsequent additional processing with a rake. As a result, labor productivity rises significantly, by about 3-5 times, depending on the size of the tool and working conditions.

Claims (1)

A manual tillage tool, comprising a working body comprising a blade with cutting edges, the thickness of which is made decreasing towards the cutting edges, and the end of the blade to which the handle is attached is bent, characterized in that the cutting edges are located around the perimeter of the blade, the transverse side of the blade is made with a bevel, the projection of which on a horizontal plane makes with an plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blade, an angle of ≤45 °, the body of the blade is curved from the longitudinal axis in the direction of the cutting edges so that the short longitudinal cutting edge of the blade is located in a horizontal plane and is an arc of a circle with a radius of 100 ± 20 mm, the center of which is on the side of the front surface of the blade, and the angle between the rear surface and the vertical drawn through the short longitudinal cutting edge changes uniformly in the direction to the end of the blade from 10 to 45 °, in addition, the working body and the handle are connected by means of an intermediate insert acting as a load.

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