RU218241U1 - Working body of the subsoiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to tillage tools for deep loosening of the soil with the simultaneous application of solid mineral fertilizers.

The working body of the subsoiler consists of a rack 1, fixed on it with the help of shanks 2 cutting knives 3 and 4 and a chisel 5, fixed on the rack 1 with a bolt 6, the head 7 of which is protected from abrasive wear by a broadened working surface 8 of the bit 5, and cutting knives 3 and 4 are fixed with studs 9, the ends of which with nuts 10 are protected from abrasive wear by bent parts 11 of shanks 2. The chisel 5 has the shape of a truncated cone with a square base, is provided with a groove 12 that prevents it from turning, and through a threaded hole 13 in the stand 1 at an angle is attached to it with the help of a bolt 6 from the back side outside the zone of intense abrasive wear, in addition, cutting knives 3 and 4 are made of spring steel, bent from the rack 1 at an angle of opening ε and relative to each other are fixed with the possibility of height adjustment in the grooves 14 with shanks 2 to the rack 1, forming a V-shaped asymmetric structure with a transverse eccentricity e=in-c of center-to-center distances a of the mounting holes 15 of the shanks 2, causing spontaneous longitudinal vibration and guaranteed transverse self-oscillations of the working body of the subsoiler, while at the non-working end 16 of the rack 1 an additional point welding steel anchor tube 17 of variable cross section for connection and simultaneous protection against mechanical damage of the flexible copolymer fertilizer duct 18, and the upper part of the tube 17 is funnel-shaped, and the lower part is curved in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the working body of the subsoiler, while the outlet 19 of the anchor tube 17 has a bevel 20 at an angle α, which excludes its clogging with soil, stubble and stubble residues; also, in front of the rack 1, a fragment of a rod 21 made of alloyed steel of increased hardness is additionally attached by resistance welding.

Description

The utility model relates to tillage tools for deep loosening of the soil with the simultaneous application of solid mineral fertilizers.

Known subsoiler (patent for PM No. 2236101, IPC A01B 13/08, publ 20.09.2004, bull. No. 26), containing a rack, consisting of two rigidly connected parts: paws and chisels.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of adjusting the paw in height due to its rigid connection with the rack and the low maintainability of a worn bit due to the high laboriousness of its replacement.

Also known is the working body of the plow-subsoiler PCh-4.5, containing a rack, a chisel and a fairing (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. “Agricultural machines”. - M .: KolosS, 2004. - 624 s: ill. S. 54, Fig. 1.21c). This design makes it possible to loosen the compacted sole formed after plowing with share plows at a depth of up to 45 cm, which provides good aeration and infiltration of rain and melt water. Similar working bodies also carry out soil cultivation using the Mini-Till technology. In this case, the dumping and turning of the soil layers does not occur, as a result of which stubble (stubble) is preserved on the soil surface. Subsoil plows are used in the strip-till tillage system to create space for optimum root germination. With this technology, only a narrow strip is loosened, equal to the width of the chisel of the working body, into which seeds of row crops are then sown using machines equipped with navigational devices and thrusters, and about two-thirds of the field remains uncultivated. When applied at the time of sowing, the nutrients are under the seeds, thereby increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use.

The disadvantage of the known working body of the subsoiler lies in the fact that the use of seeders with markers for sowing crops in the strips formed by tillage according to the “Strip-till” system does not provide accurate seed entry into the central part of the strip, which significantly reduces the efficiency of sowing. Equipping seeding units with navigation devices and thrusters significantly reduces deviations from the required sowing accuracy, but due to the small width of the bit, these deviations can be significant, and the seeds during sowing will shift from the center or to the edge of the treated strip, or be outside it.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is the working body of the subsoiler (Patent for utility model No. 193711 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01V 13/14, publ. 11/11/2019, Bull. No. a knife with its shanks and fastening pins and a chisel with two sides covering the rack. This working body is designed for deep non-moldboard tillage by crushing the soil in the subsurface horizon with a chisel, and the pruning knives process the root layer. With the destruction of blocky formations with plant rhizomes, the resistance of the working body changes, which causes the rack to vibrate in the transverse direction. This direction of vibration is accompanied by the impact of the chisel and cutting knives. As a result, adhering soil and weeds are shaken off, leading cracks are formed in the soil. This contributes to better crumbling of the soil and a decrease in traction resistance.

However, the design of this working body of the subsoiler does not provide for the possibility of applying solid mineral fertilizers during strip tillage, in addition, there is no possibility of adjusting the height of the cutting knives.

The technical objective of the utility model is to expand the functionality of the tillage tool - the working body of the subsoiler by installing an additional element - an anchor tube with a fertilizer duct and changing the relative position of the cutting knives.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the working body of the subsoiler, including a rack, trimming knives fixed on it with shanks and a chisel fixed on the rack with a bolt, the head of which is protected from abrasive wear by the widened working surface of the bit, and the trimming knives are fixed with studs, the ends of which with nuts are protected from abrasive wear by bent parts of the shanks, characterized in that the chisel has the shape of a truncated cone with a square base, is equipped with a groove that prevents it from turning, and is attached to it through a hole in the stand at an angle with a bolt, from the back side of the stand outside the zone of intense abrasive wear, in addition, the cutting knives are fixed relative to each other with the possibility of height adjustment in the grooves with shanks to the rack, forming a V-shaped structure with a transverse eccentricity of the center-to-center distances of the mounting holes, causing longitudinal vibration of the working body of the subsoiler, while an anchor tube of variable speed is additionally attached to the non-working end of the rack. section for connection and simultaneous protection against mechanical damage of a flexible copolymer fertilizer duct, the upper part of the tube is funnel-shaped, and the lower part is bent in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the working body of the subsoiler, while the outlet of the anchor tube has a bevel, excluding its clogging with soil, stubble and crop residues, also a fairing in the form of a fragment of a rod of increased hardness is additionally attached to the front of the rack.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings: Fig. 1 shows a side view of the working body of the subsoiler, in Fig. 2 - front view B, in Fig. 3 is a top view, in Fig. 4 - cross section A-A of the bit.

The working body of the subsoiler consists of a rack 1 (Fig. 1), fixed on it with the help of shanks 2 cutting knives 3 and 4 (Fig. 2) and a chisel 5, fixed on the rack 1 with a bolt 6 (Fig. 1), the head 7 of which is protected from abrasive wear by a broadened working surface 8 of the bit 5, and cutting knives 3 and 4 are fixed with pins 9 (Fig. 2), the ends of which with nuts 10 (Fig. 3) are protected from abrasive wear by bent parts 11 of the shanks 2. The bit 5 has the shape of a truncated a cone with a square base, made of hardened alloy steel, equipped with a groove 12 (Fig. 4), excluding its rotation, and through the hole 13 (Fig. 1) in the rack 1 is attached to it with a bolt 6 from the back side of the rack 1 at an angle β=5-10° to the direction of movement of the subsoiler, in addition, cutting knives 3 and 4 are made of spring steel and are bent from the rack 1 at an angle of solution c (Fig. 3) and relative to each other are fixed with the possibility of height adjustment in the grooves 14 ( Fig. 1) shanks 2 (Fig. 1) to the rack 1, forming a V-shaped asymmetric structure with a transverse eccentricity e=v-c of center-to-center distances a of the mounting holes 15 (Fig. 3) of the shanks 2, causing spontaneous longitudinal vibration and guaranteed transverse self-oscillations of the working body of the subsoiler, while at the non-working the end 16 of the rack 1 is additionally attached by spot welding a steel anchor tube 17 of variable cross section for attaching and simultaneously protecting the flexible copolymer fertilizer line 18 from mechanical damage, the upper part of the tube 17 is funnel-shaped, and the lower part is curved in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the working body of the subsoiler, with In this case, the outlet 19 of the anchor tube 17 has a bevel 20 at an angle α, which excludes its clogging with soil, stubble and stubble residues; also, in front of the rack 1, the fairing 21 is additionally rigidly attached by electric arc welding in the form of a fragment of a rod made of alloyed steel of increased hardness.

The application of the proposed technical solution will achieve the following results.

The working body of the subsoiler, thanks to the presence of a fertilizer duct and an improved anchor tube, makes it possible to introduce granular fertilizers into strips of trapezoidal cross-section loosened for planting row crops to a predetermined depth in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. As a result of the simultaneous application of fertilizers with plowing, in addition to increasing soil fertility due to the combination of agricultural practices, the labor intensity of the main tillage process is reduced and fuel consumption is reduced.

In addition, due to the presence of adjustment of the cutting knives in height and the quick detachment of the bit in case of its wear, it is possible to qualitatively loosen the soil at the level of the root layer of various tilled crops.

The presence of eccentricity, which ensures the asymmetry of the location of the cutting knives in relation to each other, provides a more uniform distribution of fertilizers over the plant nutrition zone due to the occurrence of transverse vibration.

Claims (1)

The working body of the subsoiler, including a stand, cutting knives fixed on it with shanks and a chisel fixed on the stand with a bolt, the head of which is protected from abrasive wear by the widened working surface of the bit, and the cutting knives are fixed with pins, the ends of which with nuts are protected from abrasive wear by bent parts of the shank, characterized in that the chisel has the shape of a truncated cone with a square base, is equipped with a groove that prevents it from turning, and is attached to it through a hole in the rack at an angle with a bolt from the back side outside the zone of intense abrasive wear, in addition, cutting knives relative to each other fixed with the possibility of height adjustment in the grooves with shanks to the rack, forming a V-shaped structure with a transverse eccentricity of the center-to-center distances of the mounting holes, causing longitudinal vibration of the working body of the subsoiler, while an anchor tube of variable cross section is additionally attached to the non-working end of the rack for connection and simultaneous protection against mechanical damage to the flexible copolymer fertilizer duct, the upper part of the tube is funnel-shaped, and the lower part is bent in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the working body of the subsoiler, while the outlet of the anchor tube has a bevel, excluding its clogging with soil, stubble and stubble residues, also in front of the rack in addition, the fairing is rigidly fastened in the form of a fragment of a rod made of alloyed steel of increased hardness.

Images