RU2335282C1 - Method of treatment of gastroenteritis in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine. Ill animal is prescribed starvation diet immediately with the first symptoms of disease - depression, loss of appetite, specific behaviour during milk feeding, etc. and three-time feeding. By the moment of next feeding 20 g of sodium acetate powder are poured into calf's oral cavity on tongue root, then 150-250 ml of boiled water are given from nipple drinker with temperatute 20-40°C to "wash it down", state of animals being watched. By the following feeding ill calf is fed 1.5 l of isotonic solution of sodium chloride. Then calf is gradually given full dietary intake and two-time feeding.

EFFECT: ensuring normalisation of exosecretary function of parietal cells and prevention of colonisation of intestine with foreign microflora.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and is intended for carrying out therapeutic measures for acute digestive disorders of pre-ruminant calves growing in the form of gastroenteritis in dairy farms and enterprises for the cultivation of young cattle of factory breeds of a dairy direction.

As was repeatedly pointed out earlier [3–6], technological stresses are the main cause of mass diarrhea in factory breed calves of the prophylactic period of rearing. According to generally accepted ideas, diarrhea of calves older than 10 days of age (non-infectious etiology) is called gastroenteritis. It is believed that during this period of development all the protective systems of the body are already formed, however, young growth of highly productive breeds remains sensitive to technological stresses for a long time. In the anxiety phase, the sympathoadrenal system is excited, as a result of which the renal digestion is disturbed: the work of the parietal glands is stopped, which leads to a decrease in acidity and the seeding of the rennet microflora by the banal microflora [5]. Colonization of the abomasum and small intestine begins with enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli [8] (drawing).

The population of the abomasum and small intestine (colonization) by environmental microorganisms is possible provided that there is no hydrochloric acid in the rennet. In response to the introduction of foreign factors, the animal's body responds with inflammation as a protective reaction to the stimulus.

In a sick animal, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the abomasum and small intestine progresses, the calf is depressed, he refuses to feed. As a result of intoxication, the animal develops another defensive reaction - an increase in the evacuation function of the digestive tract, which manifests itself in the form of diarrhea.

At this time, a sick calf needs the help of veterinarians, who in most cases rely on antimicrobial agents. But the use of antibacterial drugs is not able to eliminate the main cause of the disease and can significantly affect the formation of intestinal biocenosis, as well as lead to the emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms [1]. Therefore, the development of "alternative" methods of dealing with acute intestinal disorders is very relevant at the present time.

The closest analogue of the proposed method is the treatment of massive dyspepsia of newborn calves with sodium acetate [7]. Acetate ion stimulates the secretion of parietal abomasum cells, which prevents environmental microorganisms from entering the small intestine and creating conditions for dysbiosis. However, as practice has shown, feeding animals with gastroenteritis patients a 2-3% aqueous solution of sodium acetate was not an effective treatment.

The aim of the invention is to create the most optimal treatment regimen for gastroenteritis of young cattle using an environmentally friendly and cheap means.

Gastroenteritis can have several predisposing factors. But the basis of the etiopathogenesis of this disease of young animals is most often achlorhydria, in which the natural barrier of the body is violated and there is no inactivation of foreign microflora that have penetrated the digestive tract with food. Therefore, a search was made for a means that could naturally excite the lining cells of the digestive glands of the abomasum and, thereby normalizing the secretory function of parietal cells, stop the colonization of the intestine by exogenous microflora.

Sodium acetate was taken as a means of stimulating the work of the parietal glands of the stomach, which is a by-product of the synthesis of polytetramethylene ether glycol (Khimprom OJSC, Volgograd), successfully used to increase the milk fat content of cows and eliminate acute digestive disorders in newborn calves.

Sodium acetate (Natrii acetas) is a white powder with a grayish or yellowish tint, slightly moist to the touch, with a faint smell of acetic acid. Chemically, it is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Crystal hydrate, one molecule of sodium acetate is associated with three molecules of water (the content of anhydrous salt is 56-59 wt.%):

C ₂ H ₃ O ₂ Na · 3H ₂ O.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that a sick animal is prescribed a starvation diet immediately with the appearance of the first precursors of the disease (depressed state, loss of appetite, specific behavior during milk drinking, etc.) and transferred to a three-time feeding. By the time of the next feeding, the calf is poured into the oral cavity (on the root of the tongue) 20 g of sodium acetate powder and allowed to “wash” it with 150-250 ml of boiled water from the nipple drinker at a temperature of 20-40 ° C, while observing the condition of the animals. For the next feeding to the sick calf, 1.5 l of isotonic sodium chloride solution is evaporated. In the future, it is gradually transferred to a full-fledged diet and double feeding.

The very procedure for oral administration of sodium acetate powder to a sick calf requires a special technique. To do this, an assistant (usually a calf or a veterinarian) fixes the animal located between the legs, squeezing the knees. With his hands, the assistant throws back the head of the calf and opens his mouth. The researcher (veterinarian) using a special groove made of rubber or polyethylene hose, carefully pours the powder on the root of the tongue. Then the assistant, not letting go of the animal’s head, gives the calf to close his mouth and immediately offers him a teat drink with warm boiled water. For the next feeding, a sick animal is fed 1.5 L of isotonic sodium chloride solution. In the future, the calf is gradually transferred to a complete diet and double feeding.

As is known from the pathogenesis of the disease in calves with gastroenteritis, the mucous membrane of the abomasum and small intestine becomes inflamed. When sodium acetate powder enters the abomasum, a high concentration of the active substance that irritates the mucous membrane is formed there. Perhaps an inadequate stimulus, causing a protective reaction of the body, provokes regenerative processes in mucosis, which, together with the general effect of sodium acetate [2-6], contributes to the rapid recovery of the animal.

EXAMPLE. The experiments were carried out in the spring-summer period of 2006 in the conditions of the MTF-2 dispensary of the Federal State Unitary Health Care Institution “Luch” of the Gorodishchensky District of the Volgograd Region on calves aged 15-30 days. To treat calves of the prophylactic period of growing sick with gastroenteritis, sodium acetate powder (Khimprom OJSC) was used in dry form according to the following scheme. An ill animal was prescribed a starvation diet immediately with the appearance of the first precursors of the disease (depressed state, loss of appetite, specific behavior during milk drinking, etc.) and transferred to a three-time feeding. By the time of the next feeding, the calf was poured into the oral cavity (on the root of the tongue) 20 g of sodium acetate powder and allowed to “wash” it with boiled water from the nipple drinker.

The experiments involved 47 animals of the prophylactic period of growing (experimental group) and 29 calves of the same age (control group), which were treated according to the scheme adopted in the farm. It is based on the use of antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol and trimerazine per os, neomycin - intramuscularly). As a rehydration agent, horse sorrel broth was used on an isotonic solution of sodium chloride.

As can be seen from the table, the animals of the experimental group in all respects exceeded their peers from the control group. So, the number of days of illness in the group in the control was 217.4% more than in the experiment. The death of calves in control also exceeded this indicator in the experimental group by 24.6%. The incidence and mortality of calves affected the increase in live weight for 10 days of observation - in animals treated with sodium acetate powder, it was 193.3% higher than in the control.

Table 1.
Treatment of calves with gastroenteritis Group The number of calves in the group, goal. Duration of illness, days The growth of live weight in 10 days, kg Fell Goals (per 100 calves) Experience 47 2.3 ± 0.2 4.4 ± 0.4 3 (6.4 / 100) The control 29th 7.3 ± 2.3 1.5 ± 0.03 9 (31.0 / 100)

The high therapeutic efficacy of the proposed drug (in the form of a dry powder) for gastroenteritis of calves of the pre-ruminant period is evidenced by the fact that during the studies in the experimental group no recurrence of the disease was observed, while in 18 (62.1%) calves of the control group, recurrence of the disease was noted .

Despite the fact that the application of this treatment method in a production environment involves the participation of an “assistant”, as well as the use of special devices, this method has several advantages:

- there is no need for preliminary preparation and transportation of special solutions [4, 6];

- as our studies have shown, a single injection of the drug for the entire course of treatment is sufficient;

- the use of sodium acetate as the main therapeutic agent in dry form is more economical, because less treatment is spent on treatment;

- The use of a dry powder of sodium acetate was more effective in combating severe forms of gastroenteritis.

As is known from the pathogenesis of the disease, in calves with gastroenteritis, the mucous membrane of the abomasum and small intestine becomes inflamed. When sodium acetate powder enters the abomasum, a high concentration of the active substance that irritates the mucous membrane is formed there. Perhaps an inadequate stimulus, causing a protective reaction of the body, provokes regenerative processes in mucosis, which, together with the general effect of sodium acetate [2-6], contributes to the rapid recovery of the animal.

Thus, we have revealed a new property of a long-known substance, as evidenced by the results of studies of the therapeutic effect of sodium acetate per se.

Sodium acetate powder is an effective means of combating calf gastroenteritis of the prophylactic period of growing.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Vecherkin A.S. Irrational use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. // Veterinary medicine, - 2004. - No. 9. - S.7-9.

2. Zarosa V.G. Prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of newborn calves. M., - 1989.

3. Zhirkov I.N. The work of the exosecretory apparatus of the abomasum of calf milkmen with the symptom complex of diarrhea. // Veterinary medicine, - 2006. - No. 4. - S. 42-45.

4. Zhirkov I.N., Bratukhin I.I., Gavrish V.V. The effectiveness of sodium acetate in diarrhea of newborn calves. // Veterinary medicine, 2001. - No. 10. - S. 29-32,

5. Zhirkov I.N., Bratukhin I.I., Ovchinnikova E.V., Telitchenko N.I. The role of abomasum in the etiology of intestinal disorders in pre-ruminant calves. // Veterinary medicine, 2000. - No. 9 - S.39-41.

6. Zhirkov I.N. Elimination of massive dyspepsia of newborn calves with sodium acetate. // Agricultural biology. 2001. - No. 6. - S.80-83.

7. Zhirkov I.N. A method for the treatment of massive dyspepsia of newborn calves with sodium acetate. RF patent for the invention No. 2228171, 2004.

8. Constable P.D. Antimicrobial use in the treatment of calf diarrhea. // J. Vet. Intern. Med, 2004 .-- V.18. - P.8-17.

Claims (1)

A method of treating calf’s gastroenteritis, including achlorhydria correction, characterized in that the diseased animal is prescribed a hungry diet immediately with the appearance of the first precursors of the disease — depression, loss of appetite, specific behavior during milk drinking, etc. and translate it into three meals; by the time of the next feeding, the calf is poured into the oral cavity on the root of the tongue 20 g of sodium acetate powder and allowed to “wash” it with 150-250 ml of boiled water from the nipple drinker at a temperature of 20-40 ° C, while observing the condition of the animals; For the next feeding to the sick calf, 1.5 L of isotonic sodium chloride solution is drunk and gradually transferred to a full-fledged diet and double feeding.

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