RU2335119C1 - Method of in vivo adaptation of fruit and berry crops in two-layer substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: plants are bedded out into two-layer substrate, where upper layer consists of sterile perlite and lower one is composed of unsterilised mixture of turf, sand and soil with the ratio of 1:1:1. Planting in such a substrate allows improving abilities of in vitro grown plants to survive in natural growth conditions.

EFFECT: improving abilities of in vitro grown plants to survive in natural growth conditions.

4 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to biotechnology, and can be used for the production of planting material of fruit and berry crops using microclonal propagation.

Propagation of plants in vitro is carried out on an artificial nutrient medium. At the same time, the resulting shoots are rooted and transferred to non-sterile conditions. One of the most difficult stages in the process of microclonal propagation is the adaptation of the obtained plants to the natural growing conditions (in vivo).

There is a method in which plants are transferred to a sterile substrate consisting of a mixture of peat, sand and soddy soil in a ratio of 1: 1: 1 (Recovery and propagation of fruit and berry plants by the method of culture of meristematic tops / comp. Yu.G. Popov. - M .: VASKHNIL, 1979. - 29 p.).

The closest technical solution is the method of plant adaptation, involving the use of a sterile substrate consisting of a mixture of peat, sand, perlite and soil (V. Vysotsky, Production of healthy planting material of fruit, berry crops and grapes by the method of clonal micropropagation / V.A. Vysotsky, I.P. Turovskaya. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1989 .-- 8 p.).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that when landing in a sterile substrate for 2-3 weeks, the growth of the aerial part of the plant stops. Growth arrest during this period is associated with the stress experienced by the plant after transplantation and the switching of nutrition from heterotrophic to autotrophic. The process of photosynthesis in such plants proceeds to a small extent, since they do not need it. The roots of such specimens are devoid of root hairs, and the absorption of nutrients is carried out by the entire surface. In connection with the indicated physiological and anatomical deficiencies, a large percentage of death occurs during adaptation.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the survival rate of plants grown in vitro, to the natural conditions of growth.

This result is achieved by plants being planted in a two-layer substrate, in the upper layer of which sterile perlite moistened with an aqueous solution of mineral salts of Murashige and Skoog medium (Murashige T., Skoog FA revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures // Physiol. Plant. - 1962. - Vol.15. - N3. - P.473-497.), In the bottom - an unsterilized substrate consisting of a mixture of peat, sand and soil in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. The volume of unsterilized substrate is 2/3 of the volume of the vessel, and the plants are planted in perlite so that the roots do not touch the main substrate.

The increase in the percentage of plants adapted to the natural conditions of growth when using the proposed two-layer substrate is explained by a decrease in the stress experienced by the plant immediately after planting. In this case, there is a gradual restructuring of the nutritional nature of the transplanted plant towards autotrophy, since the environment surrounding the roots is similar in composition to the salts of the previous one (rooting medium), but does not have exogenous sugars. Since perlite does not contain any organic matter that can rot, nothing can infect the roots, and thus the fungal microflora does not develop around the roots until they enter the non-sterile substrate. The roots develop thick and elastic, light brown with lateral branches. An increase in the elevated part of the shoots and an increase in the leaf surface were noted.

The method is implemented as follows.

Two-thirds of the standard peat pots are filled with unsterilized soil substrate. The remaining third is filled with sterile perlite moistened with an aqueous solution of mineral salts of Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) without vitamins, growth substances and sucrose. The roots of the plants are washed from the remains of the medium in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, and if necessary, they are shortened. Plants are planted in perlite so that the roots do not touch the main substrate. Then the pots with planted plants are covered with a plastic bag to create conditions of 100% humidity. Conditions of high relative humidity are maintained for four weeks, the package does not open for the first two weeks, and then gradually opens and removes completely over the next two weeks. In this case, an intensive growth of the whole plant takes place - both the aerial part and the root system (table). The root system, growing in length, enters the non-sterile substrate and adapts to it.

The table shows the data on the adaptation of plants by the described method in comparison with the prototype.

Table The results of the adaptation of test plants to non-sterile conditions in various soil substrates Way % adapted plants 4 weeks after landing root growth, cm shoot growth, cm Cherry plum prototype 36.7 10,4 2.9 proposed 78,4 16.7 5.3 Apple tree prototype 38,4 6.4 1.4 proposed 79.7 11,2 2.6 Wild strawberry prototype 82.1 3,7 - proposed 96.0 4.9 -

The data in the table show that the percentage of fully adapted plants by the proposed method is 2 times higher than that of the prototype, and is 78.4-96%. Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the survival rate of plants grown in vitro, to the natural conditions of growth.

Claims (4)

1. The method of adaptation in vivo of fruit and berry crops in a two-layer substrate, comprising planting plants in a substrate consisting of a mixture of peat, sand, perlite and soil, characterized in that the plants are planted in a two-layer substrate, in the upper layer of which is sterile perlite, in the lower - unsterilized substrate, consisting of a mixture of peat, sand and soil in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. 2. The method of adaptation in vivo of fruit and berry crops in a two-layer substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the unsterilized substrate is 2/3 of the volume of the vessel. 3. The method of adaptation in vivo of fruit and berry crops in a two-layer substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the plants are planted in perlite so that the roots do not touch the main substrate. 4. The method of adaptation in vivo of fruit and berry crops in a two-layer substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil mixture is moistened with a solution of Murashige and Skoog.