RU2333671C1 - Production line for extruded bulged item such as bread crisps - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry and, particularly, to ready-to-use food product from grain basic materials. Production line includes extrusion machine with draw hole, cooling unit for extruded item and machine for mechanical treatment, which is composed of calibrating pair of rollers, pulling pair of rollers and shear cutting mechanism for extruded item. Besides, receiving and pulling pair rollers are provided with guiding collars. Line is equipped with mechanism to remove superficial layer from calibrated sides of extruded item. Calibrated sides are located between receiving and pulling pairs of rollers. Draw hole may be slotted. Clearances between calibrating and pulling rollers may be represented as stretched rectangular to get extruded item as strip. Besides, one of pulling pair rollers may be provided with disc knives, whereas the other one with grooves receiving knives edges. Mechanism for calibrated side removal from extruded item may be in the shape of two cutters with blades ensuring cutting angle at 6-15 degrees. Extruded item is air-cooled. Air is taken from operating space between draw hole and receiving rollers. Extruded item processing unit is installed so that it can be displaced along extruded item direction to adjust cooling rate.

EFFECT: production of extruded item with surfaces inherent to crisps produced by drying of cut bread.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to the production of ready-to-eat food product from grain raw materials.

A known method of producing an analogue of meat or fish from an extrudate based on grain, meat, fish. The mixture is cooked in an extruder, the extrudate at the exit of the die is cooled in a chamber with circulating water, which eliminates swelling, and is discharged through a horizontal slot in the form of a tape, which goes through a conveyor to a shredder-grinder, where it is cut into strips and divided into pieces when passing through a sieve with slotted holes. The surface of the extrudate pieces acquires the appearance inherent in natural meat or fish due to the pattern obtained during cutting (US 6635301, 10/21/2003).

This method is not applicable to give the expanded grain extrudate the appearance inherent in breadcrumbs.

A known method for the production of crispbreads, in which the dough is cooked in an extruder and released with an explosion from a vertical slotted hole of the matrix, the ribbon-shaped extrudate is calibrated by passing between vertical shields attached to the die. The surfaces of the shields in contact with the hot extrudate have a non-stick coating, for example Teflon. The obtained compacted tape of uniform thickness is rotated by 90 degrees with rollers, brought into a horizontal position, placed on a conveyor and fed to a cross-cutting knife (US 4698228, 10/06/1987).

This method allows to obtain an extrudate tape of the same appearance on both sides due to equal conditions for the exit of steam during expansion; the tape due to crimping has a uniform thickness. Without calibrating shields, it turns out with humps and bends. However, only in the places of transverse cutting, the faces of the extrudate lobes have a natural cellular appearance for crackers. The calibrated sides have a shiny appearance inherent in the expanded grain-based extrudate with smeared cells, which is facilitated by friction between the extrudate and the shields.

Closest to the claimed solution is a line for preparing an extruded expanded product such as bread crumbs, containing an extruder, means for cooling the extrudate, and an extrudate processing unit, including a calibrating pair of rolls arranged in the order of listing, pulling a pair of rolls and a transverse cutting mechanism of the extrudate, moreover, the support rolls of the receiving and pulling pairs are provided with guide flanges (RU 2259152, 08.28.2005, prototype).

The disadvantage of this line is that the product obtained during its use has closed external pores and shiny surfaces due to contact with calibrating rollers, that is, the product has an appearance not inherent to crackers obtained by slicing and drying bread.

The technical result of the invention is to obtain surfaces on all sides of the extrudate lobes with open pores and without shiny areas - that is, obtaining surfaces inherent in crackers prepared by drying sliced bread. The technical result is also the expansion of the range of products of this class.

To obtain the indicated result, a line for preparing an extruded expanded product such as bread crumbs, containing an extruder, a means for cooling and surface drying the extrudate, and a machine for machining it, including a calibrating pair of rolls arranged in the order of listing, pulling a pair of rolls and a transverse cutting mechanism extrudate, and the rolls of the receiving and pulling pairs are provided with guide beads, according to the invention is equipped with a mechanism for removing the surface layer of feces the sides of the extrudate located between the receiving and pulling pairs of rolls.

The die hole can be made slit, the working gaps of the calibrating and pulling rolls can be in the form of elongated rectangles to obtain an extrudate in the form of a tape, while one of the rolls of the pulling pair can be equipped with circular knives, and the second grooves that include the edges of the knives.

The mechanism for removing the surface layer of the calibrated sides of the extrudate can be made in the form of two cutters with blades, providing a cutting angle of 6-15 degrees. The means for cooling the extrudate is the air of the working room between the die and the take-up rolls, and the unit for processing the extrudate is mounted to move along the direction of movement of the extrudate to control the degree of cooling.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a line; figure 2 is a cross section of an untreated strand of extrudate; figure 3 - calibrating rolls, section aa of figure 1; figure 4 - pulling rolls, view along arrow B; figure 5 - device for transverse cutting, view along arrow C of figure 1; figure 6 - slice of the finished product.

The line for preparing an extruded expanded product such as bread crumbs contains an extruder 1 with a slotted horizontal die and an extrudate processing unit 2 mounted in rails with the possibility of moving along the O-O1 axis of the extruder and fixing its working position using mechanism 4. Unit 2 includes self-calibrating rolls 5, 6, cylindrical cutters 7, 8, pulling rolls 9, 10, of which one has circular knives 11, and the second grooves 12, which include the cutting edges of the knives 11, a transverse cutting mechanism in the form of a disk the blade 13, and drive roller mills with means of regulation of their speed (not shown), providing said arrow D direction. The angle of cut alpha knives mills 7, 8 may be in the range of 6-15 degrees. The working gaps of the calibrating and pulling rolls can be in the form of elongated rectangles to obtain an extrudate in the form of a tape 14. The pairs of axes of rotation of the rolls 5, 6, mills 7, 8 and rolls 9, 10 are located in planes perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tape 14 of the extrudate along the O- axis O1 of the extruder in the direction of arrow B. The rolls 5, 6 and 9, 10 have guide flanges 15. On the input side of the rolls 5, 6 (on the left in the drawing), between these rolls and cutters 7, 8, and also between cutters and pulling rolls 9, 10, support plates 16, 17, 18 are installed for the extrudate tape 14, at the outlet e rolls 9, 10 arranged end support 19. The contacting with the tape roll 14 surface 5, 6 and 9, 10 are knurled or provided with a notch for better adhesion with the wiring 3, and ribbon 14 when it is applied to the cross cutting position.

The processing unit of the line has a tray 20 for feeding chopped slices to a drying position (not shown).

Rolls 5, 6 of unit 2 are located at a distance L from the die of the extruder 1, which may be 3000-1000 mm, it is necessary to cool the bundle 3 of the extrudate in the room air at room temperature without additional cooling means.

The line works as follows. The processed moistened grain mixture at the exit from the slotted hole of the die of the extruder 1 is swollen with steam, which is formed due to the difference in pressure in its working chamber and atmospheric pressure. The resulting extrudate strand 3 is oval due to the slotted shape of the die hole. The temperature values of the extrudate tow at the outlet, its speed and relative humidity are equal to 120-130 degrees, respectively. C, 0.2-1.0 m / s and 15-20%. The temperature of the cooling air, in which the extrudate passes the distance L, can also be different: from plus 20 to plus 30 degrees. C. After passing the distance L in air at room temperature, the tourniquet cools and dries from the surface, a hardened layer or crust is formed, which is necessary to prevent the extrudate from sticking to the surface of the calibration rolls 5, 6. With increasing distance L, all other things being equal, the thickness of the hardened layer increases , which may lead to crumbling during calibration. For a different combination of extrusion conditions, a distance L is selected using mechanism 4, which allows a satisfactory combination of product characteristics to be obtained, of which the appearance of surfaces is a priority.

During operation, the extrudate tow 3 enters the support 16, is pulled by rolls 5, 6, the calibrating surfaces of which rotate at a peripheral speed equal to the speed specified by the extruder. The rolls compress the tourniquet and give it the shape of the tape 14, push it along the support 17 and between the cutters 7, 8. The cutters cut a layer of crust from each side of the tape to a depth sufficient to open the surface pores of the extrudate (1.0-2.0 mm). Next, the rolls 9, 10 stretch the tape 14 along the support 18, at the same time the knives 11 cut it in the longitudinal direction into narrow tapes, while the extreme knives 11 cut off the irregularities of the edges of the tape 14 of the extrudate. Then the rolls 9, 10 push narrow tapes onto the support 19, along the edge of which they are cut into slices, which are poured along the tray 20 and fed to the drying position, where the product acquires a moisture content of 3-4%. All faces of the lobules have open pore surfaces.

Claims (4)

1. A line for preparing an extruded expanded product such as bread crumbs, containing an extruder with a die, means for cooling the extrudate and a unit for machining it, including a calibrating pair of rolls arranged in the order of listing, pulling a pair of rolls and a transverse cutting mechanism of the extrudate, the rolls of the receiving and pulling pairs are provided with guide beads, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for removing the surface layer of the calibrated sides of the extrudate, located m between the receiving and the pulling rolls in pairs. 2. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole of the die is slotted, the working gaps of the calibrating and pulling rolls have the shape of elongated rectangles to obtain an extrudate in the form of a tape, while one of the rolls of the pulling pair is equipped with circular knives, and the second with grooves, which includes the edges of the knives. 3. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for removing the surface layer of the calibrated sides of the extrudate is made in the form of two mills with blades, providing a cutting angle of 6-15 °. 4. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for cooling the extrudate is the air of the working room between the die and the take-up rolls, and the unit for processing the extrudate is mounted to move along the direction of movement of the extrudate to control the degree of cooling.

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