RU2331996C1 - Tillage machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine consists of the frame and impact plate located sequentially, shear-bar knife and separator. The cover envelops the tiller and has a concave. The impact plate, as an extension of the cover, is mounted flexibly relative to the cover. The machine is equipped with the packing wheel, chute boards for soil and residuals, herbicide, pesticide or seed spreaders. The spreaders of herbicides, pesticides or seeds are mounted between the tiller and packing wheel in a tunnel formed by the rear part of the tiller cover and the chute board for soil. The chute board for residuals is placed behind the packing wheel in front of the distributor for treating residuals with the organics decomposition stimulant.

EFFECT: decreased energy demands required for the technological operations during agricultural tillage.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to multioperational tillage and sowing machines, for the integrated execution of technological operations of cultivation of crops.

Existing resource-saving technologies for the cultivation of crops are equipped with universal multi-operation machines designed to simultaneously perform several operations provided for by these technologies. Such as the cultivator KBM-7.2, and the combine harvester KBSM-10.5c of the Tatar State Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Machines of Siberian Agrarian House OJSC "GARDEN" - "Leader" and "OB". E-mail: Cad@onlinesinor.ru. Dutzi tillage implement, series - KR, manufactured by Verkhne-Lensky RMZ. The technical level of foreign tillage cutters. Gureev I.I. Tractors and agricultural machinery in 1987 No. 6 p.50-54. Device for tillage and sowing. Auto St No. 1586540.

However, these machines work only in crop rotation on soils with relatively low resistance to cutting by passive working bodies or, destroying the soil with blows by a mill. They are unsuitable for crop rotation, including perennial and annual green manure pairs, as well as deposits and conserved land.

Closest to the invention is a tillage implement, invention of A.S. No. 1586540 (51) 5. A. Kondratyev Myasnikov A.B., BI No. 31, 1990, p. 6, containing a frame on which a jack plate, a milling drum with knives and a separator in the form of rollers with disks and an opposing knife are sequentially mounted. But this machine, having an active working body, is not adapted to perform other operations provided for by the technology, for example, treating the sowing bed with biological preparations or herbicides, sowing seeds, covering them with soil, compacting the soil above seeds, covering the rolled soil layer with mulch, treating the mulch with stimulators of decomposition of organic matter .

The purpose of the invention is the reduction of energy consumption and time to complete a set of technological operations for cultivating crops.

The goal is achieved by separate action on the topsoil (A) and on the indestructible root layer (B) with simultaneous sowing by a tillage sowing machine, consisting of a frame (1) with a hinged device (2), on which a drive (3), and drug tanks are mounted (4) and grain hopper (5), as well as processing depth adjusters (6) with supports (7) for the front wheels (8) and the roller (9). A cutter (10) is installed on the frame, covering the casing (11), a baffle plate (12), mounted as a continuation of the casing, movably relative to the casing, deck (13), counter knife (14), separator (15), seed and seed dispensers (16) located in the tunnel formed by the milling cutter casing part (11) and the pitched board for the soil (17), material pipelines (18), the pitched board for mulch (19).

Tillage sowing machine operates as follows. The milling cutter (10) cuts the turf, layer (A), to the depth of seed placement and finishes it on the deck (13), without destroying the layer (B). Under the action of centrifugal force, the removed mass is thrown onto the separator (15). The crop residues are removed with a counter knife (14) and are also fed to a separator (15). The soil (layer B) sifted out from the plant residues enters via a pitched board (17) onto the sowing bed treated with the preparation from the tank (4) with seeds from the hopper (5) laid on it and compacted by a roller (9) (layer D). Plant residues are fed along a pitched board (19), laid on compacted soil (layer D) and treated with a preparation from the rear tank (4) with a stimulator of organic decomposition, for example, preparations of Biolin CJSC. “Activators” are used in resource-saving technologies in the processing of crop residues in order to accelerate their decomposition (mineralization). Precise adjustment of the seed placement depth is provided by a copying system consisting of front wheels (8), a roller (9) and adjustment mechanisms (6).

Studies on the cultivation of crops in crop rotation with perennial green manure and the return of sod land to agricultural use by the Dutzi tillage implement, modernized to carry out the operations provided for by the technologies, confirmed the possibility of using the proposed implement. At the same time, costs are reduced by 220%, and the time of the technological cycle is reduced by one year.

Claims (2)

1. A tillage sowing machine containing a frame and sequentially located a baffle plate, a milling cutter with a casing, an opposing knife and a separator, characterized in that it is equipped with a rolling roller, pitched boards for soil and for organic residues, dispensers of biological products or herbicides and seeds mounted between a milling cutter and a packer roller in a tunnel formed by the rear part of the cutter casing and a sloping board for soil, while a sloping board for organic residues is placed behind the packer roller in front of a dispenser for treating plant debris with a stimulator of decomposition of organics. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing covers the cutter and has a deck, and the baffle plate as a continuation of the casing is mounted movably relative to the casing.