RU2331767C1 - Method of combined mineral deposit development - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns mining and can be applied in combined development of kimberlitic pipe deposits by deep open pits. The method involves pit levels stripping, conduction of underground and open works, mined rock transportation by haulage benches and underground haulage courses. The pit edge below the combined additional development face is made without haulage benches. At first transportation in the combined additional development zone is performed by temporary declines, which are eliminated later, the further the mined rock is transported by underground haulage courses, which are dug before the beginning of temporary decline elimination.

EFFECT: reduced overburden volume within open-pit edge and overburden work cost.

5 cl, 1 ex, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the combined development of open-underground mining of mineral deposits, namely, in the combined mining of deposits of kimberlite pipes in deep quarries.

A known method of opening the horizons of steeply declining deposits (A.S. of the Russian Federation No. 1675559, MKI E21C 41/26, 05/07/1989, publ. 09/07/1991, Bull. No. 33), including conducting from the upper horizon to the lower inclined mine work sections, excavation from inclined mining of horizontal mining with access to the quarry.

The disadvantages of this method is that the penetration of horizontal sections of the workings leads to an excessive length of the underground workings, that is, to an excessive amount of tunneling and a longer transport length along the underground section. Raising the rock mass to the place of processing by underground and open pit mines with one type of equipment will lead either to a mileage of low-productivity underground equipment, especially if the exit from the underground workings is located at a considerable depth of the quarry, or to excessive workload during the construction of underground workings of significant cross-section for large-sized traffic career equipment.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of combined development of mineral deposits (A.S. of the Russian Federation No. 1700236, MKI E21C 41/00, 04/07/1988, publ. 12/23/1991, Bull. No. 47), including opening the horizons of the quarry , the simultaneous conduct of open and underground mining, deepening the quarry to the maximum depth, transporting the rock mass through transport berms and underground mine workings, forming an idle side at the maximum permissible angle, dumping overburden into the mined-out space.

The disadvantages of this method are the leaving on the idle side of the group transport berms, which leads to a flattening angle of slope of the idle side. In addition, the excavation of underground workings before the start of the development of the horizon, located above the maximum depth of the quarry by a certain amount, leads to premature costs for underground workings. Transportation of the entire volume of the rock mass from the development zone in a combined way through underground workings leads to additional costs for the transportation and operation of underground workings. All this makes the known method insufficiently effective in terms of economic indicators of quarry development.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method of developing a field by reducing the volume of stripping in the contour of the quarry and reducing the cost of stripping, early construction and subsequent operation of underground workings and transportation of rock mass to the surface.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of combined development of mineral deposits, including opening the open pit horizons, simultaneously conducting open pit and underground work, deepening the pit to the maximum depth, transporting the rock mass through transport berms and underground transport workings, the open pit space is below the maximum the depths are divided into two parts, on one of which the idle side is formed without transport berms, and on the other with temporary transport berms ermami, transporting rock mass initially carried out as a temporary congresses, which then cancel out and transported rock mass in underground mine workings; underground transport workings are held until the beginning of the repayment of temporary exits. The slopes of temporary exits in the combined mining and underground workings zone reach 300-360 ‰. As a vehicle in the underground zone, caterpillar dump trucks are used. The output of underground mine workings to the bottom of the quarry is located on the section of the idle side without temporary exits. If necessary, mining operations below the maximum depth are carried out in several stages.

In the proposed method, new features in comparison with the prototype are the following: the side of the quarry below the depth with which combined mining is conducted, is formed without transport berms; transportation in the combined development zone is initially carried out at temporary exits, which then extinguish and transport the rock mass through underground mine workings; underground transport workings are held until the beginning of the repayment of temporary exits. The slopes of temporary exits and underground workings reach 300-360 ‰. As a vehicle, caterpillar dump trucks are used. The output of underground mine workings to the bottom of the quarry is located on the section of the idle side without temporary exits. If necessary, mining operations below the maximum depth are carried out in several stages.

The set of features of this technical solution is not identified from the patent documentation and scientific and technical information, which indicates the inventive step of the claimed technical solution.

The formation of the side of the quarry below the depth with which combined mining without transport berms is conducted, reduces the volume of overburden in the contour of the quarry.

Transportation in the combined development zone is initially carried out at temporary exits, which reduces the costs of excavation and transportation through the use of more productive equipment for open cast mining.

Passage of underground transport workings before the start of the repayment of temporary exits transfers the costs of building underground workings to a later period, and also reduces the cost of operating underground workings.

The slopes of temporary exits and underground workings reach 300-360 ‰, thus, the depth of opening by temporary exits significantly increases. In addition, the length of transportation is reduced and the amount of penetration of underground transport workings is reduced.

The use of caterpillar dump trucks as a vehicle at temporary exits and in underground workings with slopes of 300-360 ‰ is most expedient and safe when implementing the technology.

The output of underground mine workings to the bottom of the quarry is located on the idle side without temporary exits, which allows you to work out temporary exits in layers from top to bottom, without disrupting the transportation of rock mass through the underground workings.

If opening by temporary exits is impossible to carry out immediately to the maximum depth of the quarry, mining operations below the maximum depth are carried out in several stages. The number of stages is determined depending on the depth of the quarry and the mining and geological conditions of the field.

The method is illustrated in figure 1 and figure 2.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the development of a quarry, figure 2 is a diagram of the development of a quarry for example a specific implementation, where:

1 - ore body;

2 - non-working board in the zone of open development;

3, 12 - temporary congresses;

4 - the bottom of the quarry at the final depth;

5 - idle side in the zone of combined development;

6, 7, 11 - underground transport workings;

8 - transshipment platform;

9 - capital congress;

10 - intermediate bottom.

The method is implemented as follows.

The ore body 1 is mined by a combined open-underground method. The upper part of the quarry is mined in an open way. The open pit side is formed in the open pit zone 2 by doubling and building working ledges, forming non-working ledges and leaving transport and safety berms between them. After the quarry reaches a certain depth, they begin the combined development of the field. The depth of transition to combined mining is determined by the criterion of the minimum total cost of open and open-underground mining of the field, that is, they calculate the costs of developing the upper part of the field in an open way and refine to the maximum depth in a combined way for various depth options of the upper part, and then choose the option with minimal cost. In the combined development zone, the autopsy is performed by temporary exits 3 to the bottom of the quarry 4, while part of the side perimeter is rebuilt without transport berms, forming an idle side 5. By the time the construction of the temporary exit 3 is completed and part of the perimeter of the idle side 5 is formed, underground transport workings 6 and 7 At the same time, the output of the underground mine 7 to the bottom of the quarry 4 is located on the side of the side where the idle side is formed 5. After the construction of the underground transport workings 6 and 7, the non-working side is completed 5. For this temporary exit 3 repay layers from top to bottom, the rock mass is transported to the bottom of the quarry 4, further along the underground workings and 6 to 7, the overload pad 8, and further on the surface. The non-working side of open pit 5 in the combined development zone is being rebuilt without transport berms. To transport the rock mass through a temporary exit 3 and underground workings 6 and 7, caterpillar dump trucks are used. After ascending to the transshipment platform 8, the rock mass is loaded onto mining wheeled heavy-duty dump trucks and delivered via capital exits 9 to the day surface.

The maximum opening depth by temporary exits is determined by the possibility of placing temporary exits in the career space. In the case (see Figure 2), if the opening by temporary exits 3 is impossible to carry out immediately to the maximum depth of the quarry 4, the opening of the quarry by temporary exits 3 is carried out in several stages: they open the quarry by temporary exits 3 to the intermediate bottom 10, pass the underground transport 11 the intermediate bottom of the quarry 10, extinguish the temporary exit 3 and proceed to the depths of the quarry, for which a temporary exit 12 passes below the intermediate bottom 10 and then work in the sequence described above until the quarry is finalized to TD.

An example of a specific implementation of the method.

In order to fully disclose the technical essence and advantages of the proposed method for the combined development of mineral deposits as applied to kimberlite pipes, an example is given where the initial data are taken as follows: a kimberlite pipe 1 is drilled to a depth of H = 500 m, for convenience, a surface mark of 0 m is adopted, respectively a mark the bottom of the quarry is 500 m.

Initially, the quarry is mined open-pit to a depth of 290 m (elevation -290 m), which is determined by the criterion of the minimum total cost of open and open-underground mining of the deposit, that is, the cost of developing the upper part of the deposit by open-pit mining and completion to the maximum depth is calculated in a combined way for various options for the depth of the upper part, after which they select the option with minimal cost. The mining is carried out according to the technology traditional for the development of kimberlite quarries - opening is carried out by a system of transport exits with slopes of 80-110 ‰, transportation is carried out by dump trucks, preparation of the rock mass for excavation is carried out using blasting devices, setting the ledges to the limit position is carried out with preliminary slitting. The open pit 2 above the -290 m mark is formed at an angle of 45-50 degrees by doubling and adjusting working ledges 15 m high, the formation of non-working ledges 30-45 m high and leaving transport and safety berms between them. Below the mark of -290 m to the intermediate bottom 10, the autopsy is performed by temporary exits 3 with slopes of 360 ‰. The opening depth of the temporary exits 3 and, accordingly, the depth at which the intermediate bottom 10 is formed, is determined by the possibility of placing the temporary exits 3 in the career space. In this case, it was 150 m (intermediate bottom mark -440 m). On the part of the perimeter of the side 100 m long, below the mark. -290 m, do not place a temporary exit, this section is rebuilt to the maximum idle position, that is, form an idle side 5. By the time mining operations reach an intermediate bottom 10 from the quarry side, underground transport excavations 6 and 11 with a slope of 360 проводят are being carried out at a depth of 290 m connecting the quarry side (elevation -290 m) with the intermediate bottom 10, while the output of the underground mine 11 to the bottom 10 is located on the section of the idle side 5. After the construction of the underground transport workings 6 and 11, the idle side 5 is completed at the marks of -290 m ÷ - 440 m all the perimeter of the quarry, for which the temporary exit 3 is canceled. The temporary exit 3 is worked out in layers from top to bottom, the rock mass is transported along the whole part of the temporary exit 3 to the intermediate bottom of the quarry 10, and then along the underground workings 11 and 6 to the loading dock 8. For transportation rock mass at a temporary exit 3 and underground workings 6 and 11 use tracked dumpers. After ascending to the transshipment platform 8, the rock mass is loaded onto mining wheeled heavy-duty dump trucks and delivered via capital exits 9 to the day surface. A non-working side of a quarry 5 below the -290 m mark is constructed without transport berms by rebuilding non-working ledges with a height of 45-60 m with safety burs 12-15 m wide. The general angle of the non-working side 5 is 65-70 degrees. After the cancellation of the temporary exit 3 and the detuning of the idle side 5 at the level of 290 m ÷ -440 m, they proceed to the pit deepening to the final depth. For this, similarly to the above actions, the quarry from the intermediate bottom 10 to the bottom of the quarry at a final depth of 4 is opened by a temporary exit 12, a part of the side perimeter is rebuilt without a temporary exit, an idle side is formed in this section 5. By the time the mining works reach the bottom of the quarry 4, an underground transport excavation 7, connecting the transport excavation 6 to the bottom of the quarry 4, the output of the underground excavation 7 to the bottom of the quarry 4 is located on the formed section of the idle side 5. After the construction of the underground transport excavation boots 7 begin to refine the quarry. The idle side 5 is being completed, for which the temporary exit 12 is canceled - it is worked out layer by layer from top to bottom, transportation is carried out along the whole part of the temporary exit 12 to the bottom of the open pit 4, and then through the underground workings 7 and 6 to the loading dock 8 and then after being reloaded into wheeled dump trucks to the surface.

Claims (5)

1. The method of combined development of mineral deposits, including opening the horizons of the quarry, simultaneous opencasting and underground work, deepening the quarry to the maximum depth, transporting the rock mass through transport berms and underground transport workings, characterized in that the quarry space below the maximum depth is divided into two parts, on one of which the idle side is formed without transport berms, and on the other with temporary transport berms, the transportation of rock mass per initially they are led by temporary congresses, which then extinguish and transport the rock mass through underground mine workings; underground transport workings are held until the beginning of the repayment of temporary exits. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slopes of the temporary exits in the zone of combined mining and underground workings reach 300-360 ‰. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that caterpillar dump trucks are used as a vehicle in the underground zone. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the output of the underground mine workings to the bottom of the quarry is located on the section of the idle side without temporary exits. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, if necessary, mining operations below the maximum depth are carried out in several stages.

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