RU2330140C2 - Method of barrage erection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of barrage erection includes layerwise laying, screeding and impaction of the barrage body from no-fine rigid little concrete mixture by pours along the axis of its upper and lower parts and the device between them of against filtration element - the diaphragm at bituminous base. The barrage body from no-fine rigid little concrete mixture is artificially cooled by passing of cooling water gravitation through the pores of this concrete body. For diaphragm arranging in the body of the erected barrage the middle zone is formed between the upper and the lower parts of the barrage, at that no-fine rigid little concrete mixture is laid, screeded and dabbed levelwise and layerwise: first levelwise in the middle zone between the upper and the lower part of the barrage of appropriate width to provide in this zone automobile traffic and of appropriate thickness to provide distribution of heated bitumen through all the depth of the level in the amount of 2-4 levels that form the layer of this middle zone by jumpes in the direction of the upper and lower part of the barrage. Following the laying of such a level no-fine rigid little concrete mixture is matures till it hardens, after that to the area of the arranged diaphragm by means of a bitumen distributor previously heated bitumen is delivered and is poured just on the surface of the no-fine concrete along the axis of the barrage all along the pour in volume providing its distribution through the pores of the concrete body by gravitation till the previously laid bitumen layer hardened in the pores of the barrage body. Following the closure of the middle zone formation from the laid levels on the general depth no-fine rigid little concrete mixture is laid, scredeed and dabbed in the upper and lower parts of the barrage of the layer with the same width.

EFFECT: increase of reliability and efficiency of the work of against filtration element at bituminous base.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to hydraulic engineering, and can be used in the construction of dams from a rigid low-cement concrete mixture with an anti-filtration diaphragm on a bitumen basis.

Known methods of erecting a dam, including layering (dumping) of the upper and lower parts of the dam and the device between them of an anti-filter element - diaphragm on a bitumen basis / Moiseev S.N. Stone and earthen dams. Fundamentals of design and construction / S.N. Moiseev, I.S. Moiseev. - M .: Energy, 1977. - S.102-104, Fig. 5-24, S.243-245, S.245 Fig. 11-10 / [1]. In the known methods, the upper and lower parts of the dam are poured in layers from incoherent aggregate of large fractions having sizes greater than 50-70 mm. As these fractions, large stone, stone sketches, large gravel or gravel are used. The bitumen-based diaphragm diaphragm is also laid in layers between the upper and lower parts of the dam by pressing fine-grained asphalt concrete, including a mixture of bitumen and sand, large stone or gravel with a grain size of 20-30 mm, which is the skeleton of the diaphragm. Pressing large stones into pre-laid sandy asphalt concrete is done with heavy vibrators.

Such known methods do not provide high uniformity and quality of the diaphragm, and hence the reliability of its operation. In addition, the implementation of the methods requires heavy expensive equipment - vibrators, the operation of which is difficult and expensive, therefore, the disadvantages of such methods are also their considerable complexity and material consumption.

There is also known a method of erecting a dam, including layer-by-layer laying (dumping) and compaction of the upper and lower parts of the dam and the installation of an anti-filter element between them - a diaphragm on a bitumen base / A.p. 1640263 USSR, MKI E02B 3/16. The method of construction of an anti-filtration diaphragm of an earth dam / A.A. Ravkin. No. 4612461/15; declared 12/02/1988; publ. 04/07/1991, Bull. No. 13 / [2]. The dam is built from large stone, stone sketches, large gravel or gravel. In this known method, punches and metal panels are installed on the surface of the expandable diaphragm on a bitumen basis before erecting its next layer, playing the role of formwork and forming the diaphragm. A pre-heated composition on a bitumen basis, performing the function of a diaphragm, is poured into this formwork.

The disadvantages of this method is its low technology and high material consumption. These disadvantages are due to the need to use formwork for the diaphragm device, as well as the use of hoisting mechanisms - cranes to remove punches and metal shields and transfer them to a new position. The disadvantage of this method also remains the low reliability of the diaphragm due to the danger of its destruction due to the possibility of displacement and deflection of the diaphragm due to deformation of the lower part of the dam. This possibility and danger may arise due to the fact that the lower part of the dam is made of incoherent aggregate (coarse stone, stone sketches, coarse gravel or gravel), which over time can become denser and / or sag.

A method is also known that excludes layer-by-layer laying and compaction of the upper and lower parts of the dam from a rigid low-cement mixture, artificial cooling of a large-pore concrete filter mass by passing gravity cooling water through the pores of the concrete mass and the device of an anti-filter element in the upper part of the dam / A.с. 1728346 USSR, MKI E02B 7/10. The method of construction of a massive concrete dam / S.V. Osipov, V.P. Shkarin, V.A. Ryzhov. - No. 4771811/15; declared 12/20/1989; publ. 04/23/1992, Bull. No. 15 / [3].

In this method, the upper part of the dam is combined with an anti-filter element, which is directly the concrete mass of large-porous concrete itself after cementing. In this case, the waterproof element is created after the construction of the dam to its full height by drilling wells from galleries made in the upper (pressure) part of the dam, through which they then pump (inject) the antifiltration material. The role of the skeleton of the antifiltration element in this case is played by a large aggregate of the concrete mass of the upper (pressure) part of the dam.

The disadvantage of this known method is its low technology and high material consumption and cost of work. Low technology is due to the need to drill wells in very cramped conditions - from galleries. Galleries are located at different heights of the dam, and pumping equipment must be moved both along the length of the gallery and along the height of the dam from one gallery to another. The high material consumption and the cost of work on the installation of an anti-filtration element is explained by the fact that for pumping (forcing) the anti-filtration material requires expensive equipment and high costs of highly skilled labor.

There is also known a method of erecting a dam, including layering, leveling and compaction of the upper and lower parts of the dam from a rigid low-cement mixture and the installation of an anti-filter element between them - a diaphragm on a bitumen base / A.с. 1528843 USSR, MKI E02B 3/16, 7/00. Concrete dam and method of its construction / S.A. Tuguzhekov - No. 4401683 / 23-15; declared 03/09/1988; publ. 12/15/1989, Bull. No. 46 / [4]. Adopted for the prototype.

In this method, laying, leveling and compaction of a rigid low-cement concrete mixture is performed by grips along the axis of the dam. Between the upper and lower parts of the dam in each concrete layer on each grapple, waterproof material is laid. One-piece waterproof material can be stacked in a variety of ways. In this case, the anti-filter element - the diaphragm on a bitumen basis is formed either zigzag or vertical. When arranging a zigzag diaphragm, the anti-filter element is laid at the junction of the upper and lower parts of the dam between the grips along the natural slope of the concrete mixture to be laid, corresponding to the angle of its internal friction. To create a vertical diaphragm between the upper and lower parts of the dam, a vertical seam is arranged, which is then filled with a waterproof material - for example, bitumen.

The disadvantage of this known method is its significant material consumption and high labor costs. These disadvantages are due to the fact that when a zigzag diaphragm is installed, an expensive overfiltration material is overused due to its laying not vertically, but zigzag in the natural slope of the concrete mixture. At the same time, the laying of overexpendable material causes additional costs of living labor. If a vertical diaphragm is arranged, then a preliminary installation of the formwork is required to form a vertical seam, which is subsequently filled with waterproof material. Formwork also requires additional expenditure of materials and labor. All this will increase the cost of work during the construction of the dam.

The essence of the invention is the reduction of labor costs, materials and the cost of work during the construction of the dam, improving the manufacturability of construction works.

The technical result is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the anti-filter element on a bitumen basis.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method of erecting a dam, which includes layering, leveling and sealing the dam array from a large-porous rigid low-cement concrete mixture with grips along the axis in its upper and lower parts and the device between them of an anti-filter element - a diaphragm on a bitumen basis, the feature is that the dam array of coarse-porous rigid low-cement concrete mix is artificially cooled by passing gravity cooling water through the pores of this concrete massif, and for the diaphragm in the body of the constructed dam, the middle zone is formed between the upper and lower parts of the dam, and the large-porous rigid low-cement concrete mixture is laid, leveled and compacted in tiers and layers: first, in tiers in the middle zone between the upper and the lower parts of the dam with a width that allows passage through this zone of automobile transport, and with a thickness that allows penetration of heated bitumen throughout the entire depth of the tier, in an amount up to 2-4 yards owls, which form a layer of this middle zone with ledges in the direction of the upper and lower parts of the dam, and after laying each such layer, the large-porous rigid low-cement concrete mixture is maintained until strength is set, after which pre-heated bitumen is delivered to the area of the diaphragm by means of a bitumen truck and poured directly onto the surface large-pore concrete along the axis of the dam for the entire length of the grab in the volume, ensuring its penetration through the pores of the concrete mass by gravity to earlier of the deposited bitumen layer, hardened in the pores of the dam massif, and then, after completion of the formation of the middle zone of the dam from stacked tiers to the total thickness corresponding to the thickness of the layer, the large-porous rigid low-cement concrete mixture is laid, leveled and compacted in the upper and lower parts of the dam with a layer of the same thickness .

Laying of large-porous rigid low-cement concrete mix is carried out according to road technology / Efficiency of idealization of structural and technological solutions of concrete hydraulic structures / Shabanov VA, Balzannikov MI, Osipov SV et al. // Hydrotechnics and hydropower: problems of construction, operation, ecology and training of specialists: Materials of the international. conf. - Samara - Volgograd - Samara, 2002. - S.201-207 / [5].

The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a cross section of a concrete dam, where: 1 - the upper part of the dam, 2 - the lower part of the dam, 3 - large-pore low-cement concrete mix, 4 - cooling water, 5 - diaphragm, 6 - middle zone, 8 - axis of the dam, 9 - tier, 10 - layer.

Figure 2 is a plan-sectional view of the capture of a concrete dam, where: 1 - the upper part of the dam, 2 - the lower part of the dam, 5 - the diaphragm, 7 - capture, 8 - the axis of the dam, 9 - tier.

Figure 3, a, b, c, d - diagrams and sequence of laying concrete mixture in the middle zone of the dam, where: 3 - large-porous low-cement concrete mixture, 6 - middle zone, 9 - tier, 10 - layer, 11 - tier thickness 12 - layer thickness, 13 - ledge of the upper zone, 14 - ledge of the lower zone, 15 - heated bitumen.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention with obtaining the above technical result.

The dam construction method includes (Fig. 1): layering, leveling and sealing the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the dam from a large-porous rigid low-cement concrete mixture 3, which is artificially cooled by passing gravity of cooling water 4 through the pores of the concrete mass and arranged between the upper 1 and downstream 2 parts of the dam anti-filter element - diaphragm 5 on a bitumen basis. For the device of the diaphragm 5 in the body of the constructed dam, a middle zone 6 is formed between the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the dam, and the large-pore rigid low-cement concrete mixture 3 is laid, leveled and compacted with grips 7 (Fig. 2) along the axis of the dam 8 with tiers 9 and layers 10. In this case, first, the concrete mixture 3 is laid, leveled and compacted (Fig. 3, a, b, c) with tiers 9 in the middle zone 6 between the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the dam with a width that will allow passage through this area of road transport (2-4 m), and with a thickness providing penetrating e throughout the depth of the heated bitumen tiers 9, for example, 0.2-0.4 m. Yarusov 9 can be several. The total number of tiers is determined by their thickness 11 and a thickness of 12 layers 10. These tiers form a layer of the middle zone 6 with ledges 13 and 14 respectively in the direction of the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the dam.

After laying each such tier 9, the coarse-porous rigid low-cement mixture 3 is maintained until strength is set, after which pre-heated bitumen 15 is delivered to the area of the diaphragm 5 by means of a bitumen truck (for example, on an automobile basis) and poured directly onto the surface of the large-porous concrete of the tier 9 along the axis of the dam 8 the entire length of the grab 7. The heated bitumen 15 is passed through the pores of the concrete massif of tiers 9 by gravity. The volume of poured bitumen should be such that it penetrates through the pores of the concrete mass to the previously laid bitumen layer and the previously laid tier 9 solidified in the pores of the concrete mass. After the formation of the middle zone 6 of the dam from the stacked tiers 9 to a total thickness corresponding to the thickness of 12 layers 10, a large-pore rigid low-cement concrete mixture 3 is laid, leveled and compacted in the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the dam with a layer 10 of the same thickness.

After the completion of the work on the formation of one next layer of the middle zone 6 with an anti-filtration diaphragm 5 and the formation of layers in the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the dam, as well as maintaining the laid concrete mixture to a set of strength, they proceed to similar work of the next layer located above (Fig. 3 , d) etc.

Thus, the antifiltration element - the diaphragm 5 is formed on the bitumen base 15 in the middle zone 6 of the dam between the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the dam to the entire height of the dam, and is formed either ahead of no more than 12 height of layer 10 of concrete mix laid in the upper 1 and the lower 2 parts of the dam, or simultaneously with laying the concrete mixture in the upper 1 and (or) lower 2 parts of the dam. Such a diaphragm 5 is formed from a solid skeleton - a large aggregate (stone or rubble) of the hardened large-porous rigid low-cement concrete mixture 3 and hardened bitumen 15, filling the pores of the layers of the laid concrete mass.

Thus, the proposed method for implementation will allow for the construction of a concrete dam to reduce labor costs and reduce the amount of consumable materials by eliminating the work of formwork for forming a vertical anti-filtration diaphragm in the body of a concrete dam from porous concrete, and thereby reduce the cost of work during the construction dams. In addition, the method is very technological, with a high degree of mechanization, it is possible to use progressive road technology, interdependent work times are minimized, and it allows the simultaneous execution of work in different areas. This reduces dam construction costs and shortens construction time.

The method provides the formation of an anti-filtration element in a concrete dam from a solid skeleton and hardened bitumen that fills the pores in the laid concrete, and therefore ensures high reliability of operation of the diaphragm and the entire dam. High-quality filling with hot bitumen of all pores of the concrete mass will ensure high efficiency of the anti-filter element.

As a result of using the proposed method only by reducing labor costs and reducing the amount of consumable materials due to the exclusion of work on the formwork device for forming a vertical anti-filtration diaphragm in the body of a concrete dam from large-porous concrete, a 20-30% reduction in the cost of work when installing an anti-filtration diaphragm is achieved. An additional economic effect can be obtained by reducing the cost of repair work on the impervious diaphragm and the lower part of the dam, as well as by increasing the overhaul periods during their operation.

Information sources

1. Moiseev S.N. Stone and earthen dams. Fundamentals of design and construction / S.N. Moiseev, I.S. Moiseev. - M .: Energy, 1977. - S.102-104, Fig. 5-24, S.243-245, S.245, Fig. 11-10.

2. A.S. 1640263 USSR, MKI E02B 3/16. The method of construction of an anti-filtration diaphragm of an earth dam / A.A. Ravkin. - No. 4612461/15; declared 12/02/1988; publ. 04/07/1991, Bull. No. 13.

3. A.S. 1728346 USSR, MKI E02B 7/10. The method of construction of a massive concrete dam / S.V. Osipov, V.P. Shkarin, V.A. Ryzhov. - No. 4771811/15; declared 12/20/1989; publ. 04/23/1992, Bull. No. 15.

4. A.S. 1528843 USSR, MKI E02B 3/16, 7/00. Concrete dam and method of its construction / S.A. Tuguzhekov - No. 4401683 / 23-15; declared 03/09/1988; publ. 12/15/1989, Bull. No. 46.

5. The effectiveness of the idealization of structural and technological solutions of concrete hydraulic structures / Shabanov VA, Balzannikov MI, Osipov SV et al. // Hydrotechnics and hydropower: problems of construction, operation, ecology and training of specialists: Materials of the international. conf. - Samara - Volgograd - Samara, 2002 .-- S.201-207.

Claims (1)

A method of erecting a dam, including layering, leveling and compaction of the dam array from coarse-porous rigid low-cement concrete mix with grips along the axis in the upper and lower parts thereof, and the device between them of an anti-filter element - a bitumen-based diaphragm, characterized in that the dam array is made of coarse-porous rigid low-cement concrete mix is artificially cooled by passing gravity of cooling water through the pores of this concrete mass, and for the device of the diaphragm in the body of the constructed the valleys form the middle zone between the upper and lower parts of the dam, and the coarse-porous rigid low-cement concrete mix is laid, leveled and compacted with tiers and layers: first, with tiers in the middle zone between the upper and lower parts of the dam with a width that allows passage through this zone of automobile transport and thickness that provides penetration throughout the entire depth of the tier of heated bitumen, in an amount up to 2-4 tiers, which form a layer of this middle zone with ledges in the upper and lower parts of the dam, after laying each such tier, the coarse-porous, rigid, low-cement concrete mixture is maintained until strength is set, after which pre-heated bitumen is delivered to the area of the diaphragm by means of a bitumen truck and poured directly onto the surface of the large-porous concrete along the dam axis for the entire length of the grasp in order to penetrate the concrete pores massif by gravity to the previously laid bitumen layer, hardened in the pores of the dam array, and then after completion of formation with edney zone dam of stacked tiers of the total thickness corresponding to the thickness of the layer, a rigid macroporous malotsementnuyu concrete mix is placed, leveled and compacted in the upstream and downstream parts of the dam layer of the same thickness.

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