RU2329227C2 - Bonding material and method to use thereof for production of building products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the sphere of building materials production. The binding material contains (in mass.%): ettle-cristobalite formation of white peat or mould box type, or tripoli powder 65-75, alkaline component or kalium 5-25 and furnace slag 10-20. The formation and furnace slag have specific surface of 4000 cm²/g. According to the said method for producing building materials, the said formation is ground, dried and triturated to specific surface of 4000 cm²/g, batched and mixed in a mixer with water solution of sodium hydrate or kalium. Then, batched powder with specific surface of 4000 cm²/g is added to furnace slag. Water is added to produce doughy texture, which is mixed till formation of moisture indiscrete mass, which is formed and subjected to thermal processing at the temperature of 300-400°C. The invention is developed in the clauses of the formula.

EFFECT: improved durability and water resistance; smaller weight of products.

4 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of building materials, in particular, to binder compositions from siliceous rocks with a high content of amorphous silicon dioxide and to methods for manufacturing building products using a binder and can be used in the manufacture of quick-curing low-temperature (thermoset) binders from opal-cristobalite rock of the type diatomite or flask, or tripoli and materials based on them.

Known astringent containing lime lime and limestone with an opal-cristobalite content of 30-40%, which is a natural mixture of finely divided calcium carbonates and amorphized silica in the form of opal-cristobalite (RF patent No. 2023696, class. С04В 7/34, from 01/08/90).

A disadvantage of the known binder is its low strength after steaming 14.1-18.2 MPa.

By technical nature, the closest to the proposed one is an astringent, containing, wt.%: Opal-cristobalite rock - OKP 80-96, alkaline component - potassium or sodium hydroxide - alkali (in terms of Na2O - as described) 4-20, and additionally slag (specifically according to the description - blast furnace) with a ratio, wt.%: the specified slag 1-70, the specified combination of OKP and SchK 30-99, and OKP is diatomite or flask, or tripoli (RU 97109114 A, 05/10/1999, abstract - BI No. 13, p. 154, description - 12 p.).

A disadvantage of the known binder is the relatively small specific surface of the opal-cristobalite component (fraction 0-2 mm). This slows down the reaction of the interaction of the components and requires an increase in temperature during heat treatment, and the strength of the manufactured products is not high enough.

By technical nature, the closest to the proposed method of manufacturing building products is a method of obtaining a material in which silica raw materials are crushed, mixed with a concentrated alkali solution, the mixture is heated to form a thick homogeneous mass, which is unloaded into a mold and kept at 25 ° C for 25 hours until the reaction is complete, after which the samples are placed in a drying chamber in which the temperature is raised to 85 ° C for 3 hours and incubated for 1 hour, after which the samples are cooled a cabin for 3 hours (See RF patent No. 2203244, class C04B 28/26 of 09/27/2001).

The disadvantage of this method is the duration (35 hours) of the manufacturing process of building products and the relatively large weight of the manufactured samples, as well as high humidity. In addition, the use of a temperature of 85 ° C is insufficient for the formation of waterproof sodium hydroaluminosilicates, which can lead to the destruction of the material in the aquatic environment.

The technical result for a binder is to increase its strength, lower heat treatment temperature and reduce energy consumption.

The technical result for the method is to accelerate the production process of building products, increase water resistance, reduce their weight and decrease humidity.

An additional technical result is the acceleration of the hardening process and obtaining environmentally friendly building material.

This is achieved by the fact that in the binder containing opal-cristobalite rock such as diatomaceous earth or flask, or tripoli, the alkaline component in the form of sodium hydroxide or potassium and blast furnace slag, according to the invention, the components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%:

- opal-cristobalite rock 65-75;

- alkaline component 5-25;

- blast furnace slag 10-20, and in the preparation of powders of opal cristobalite rock and blast furnace slag taken with a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g, in addition, in the method of manufacturing building products from opal cristobalite rocks, opal cristobalite rock of the type diatomite or flask, or tripoli is crushed, dried and ground into a powder to a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g, dosed and mixed in a mixer with an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, then dosed blast furnace slag powder with a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g is added, I add t of water to obtain a dough and mix until a moist, homogeneous mass is formed, which is molded and heat-treated at a temperature of 300-400 ° C, and the opal-cristobalite rock is mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide for 10-20 minutes, the moisture content of a homogeneous mass is taken equal to 15-20%, in addition, heat treatment is carried out from 2-10 minutes to 2-3 hours.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the choice of the above composition of the components of the binder and the corresponding temperature regime allows to accelerate the hardening of the binder, which reduces energy consumption during its production. A significant percentage of opal-cristobalite rock provides environmentally friendly building materials. Moreover, the range of products from this binder can be significantly increased, because binder constituents are widespread throughout most of the territory of the Russian Federation.

The essence of the invention for the method lies in the fact that due to the use of the binder of the composition described above, the number of technological operations in the manufacture of construction products is reduced, as well as the time for heat treatment. Heat treatment of products at a temperature of 300-400 ° C provides an increase in their water resistance and a decrease in humidity, and grinding of the solid components of a binder to a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g into powder promotes self-heating of the mixture and accelerates the formation of waterproof sodium hydroaluminosilicates.

The manufacturing technology of the inventive binder is as follows. The opal-cristobalite rock is taken from the quarry, crushed, dried, and ground into a powder to a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g.

Take blast furnace slag, grind it into powder to a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g An aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide is added, the powders are metered and mixed with an alkaline solution.

The technology for producing a binder can be greatly simplified if components are obtained in finished form. In this case, to obtain a binder, it is necessary to prepare an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, dose the components and mix them. An aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide is poured into the mixer, crushed diatomaceous earth, or flask, or tripoli are added, the mixture is stirred for 10-20 minutes, then blast-furnace slag powder is poured and water is added. Water is selected depending on the weight of the dry components and it is introduced in the amount necessary to obtain a dough with a moisture content of 15-20%, mixing is carried out until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The resulting mixture is placed in a cube with a rib size of 10 cm and compacted with vibration. The molded products are kept in the mold for 2 hours, then the mold is placed in the oven at a temperature of 300-400 ° C and kept for 2-3 hours, the products are removed from the mold and slowly cooled. The temperature and time of heat treatment of products on the proposed binder are selected depending on the weight of the products. The heat treatment time ranges from 2-10 minutes (for example, in the manufacture of granular material) to 2-3 hours. The chemical compositions of opal-cristobalite rocks and blast-furnace slag are given in Tables 1 and 2. The aqueous sodium hydroxide solution actively reacts with amorphous silica of opal-cristobalite rock and forms a gel suspension phase Na ₂ O · nSiO ₂ · H ₂ O, which imparts molding properties to the mass chemically interacts with blast furnace slag. During heat treatment of the mixture at 300-400 ° C, solid-phase chemical reactions occur in which the products are waterproof alkaline aluminosilicate and hydroaluminosilicate neoplasms.

Due to the fact that the process of transition of a homogeneous mass to a brittle state is regulated by temperature and time conditions, the material is obtained with stable quality characteristics with minimal energy costs and in a short time. The binder compositions and properties are shown in table 3.

Table 1
The chemical composition of opal-cristobalite rocks, wt.% Breed SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ Cao MgO Na ₂ O SO ₃ RFP Flask 77.1-85.7 5.2-8.2 2.7-3.6 1.1-1.17 1.7-2.7 0.4-0.6 0.1-0.9 4,5-11,7 Diatomite 72.1-78.5 3.2-10.1 3.9-4.8 1,5-2,2 0.6-1.0 0.3-0.7 0.1-0.7 5.1-10.5 Tripoli 75.2-78.1 8.9-9.6 2.9-3.9 1.1-1.9 1.6-2.4 0.4-0.9 0.2-0.5 5.6-7.3

table 2
Chemical properties of slag Slag name SiO ₂ Al ₂ About ₃ FeO Cao MgO S Magnitogorsk 35.56 13.91 0.84 40.67 8.27 0.75 Nizhny Tagil 37.64 14.65 0.59 41.66 4.45 1.01 Orskohalilovsky 38.56 7.72 0.59 47.29 4.85 0.99 Serovsky 32.36 11.08 1.14 48.80 5.04 1,58 Chelyabinsk 38.10 12.84 0.83 32.93 14.37 0.93

Table 3
Component Content Structure one 2 3 four 5 6 7 Prototype Sodium hydroxide four 5 fifteen 25 thirty 20-30 Opal-cristo-balite rock: diatomite, flask, tripoli 91 75 70 65 60 70-80 Blast furnace slag 5 twenty fifteen 10 10 The properties Heat treatment temperature, ° С 400 400 400 400 400 85 Heat treatment time, hour 3 3 2 2 2 35 Compressive strength, MPa 5.1 13.3 36.2 45.1 The mixture swells Water absorption,% (48 hours of water saturation) collapsed 30,4 10.3 5.2 10.3 Bulk density, kg / m ³ 900 950 1000 950 900 1700

From table 3 it is seen that when the content of sodium hydroxide is equal to or less than 4%, the binder is not waterproof, with the introduction of hydroxide of equal and more than 30%, the mixture begins to swell. The composition of the binder with a sodium hydroxide content of 5-25% is accepted as optimal. At this sodium hydroxide content, the binder has optimal strength, is easily molded, and retains its given shape. As can be seen from table 3, the proposed binder has a higher strength, shorter hardening period, lower bulk density and partially solves the issue of disposal of large tonnage waste - blast furnace slag.

The claimed inventions can be used for the production of durable artificial aggregates, bricks, blocks, structural and heat-insulating concrete and obtain environmentally friendly building materials using energy-saving technologies on the standard equipment of claydite, brick, concrete workshops.

Thus, the proposed technical solutions achieve the set technical result.

Claims (4)

1. A binder, characterized in that it contains an opal-cristobalite rock of the type diatomite, or flask, or tripoli, an alkaline component in the form of sodium hydroxide or potassium and blast furnace slag, the components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%: opal cristobalite rock 65-75 alkaline component 5-25 blast furnace slag 10-20, moreover, in the preparation of powders of opal cristobalite rock and blast furnace slag taken with a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g 2. A method of manufacturing building products from opal-cristobalite rocks, characterized in that the opal-cristobalite rock of the type diatomite, or flask, or tripoli is crushed, dried and ground into powder to a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g, dosed and mixed in a mixer with an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, then a metered powder of blast furnace slag with a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g is added, water is added to obtain a dough and mixed until a moist, homogeneous mass is formed, which is molded and subjected to heat treatment otke at a temperature of 300-400 ° C 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the opal-cristobalite rock is mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide for 10-20 minutes, and the humidity of the homogeneous mass is 15-20%. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat treatment is carried out from 2-10 minutes to 2-3 hours