RU2328699C2 - Container for localisation of blast effects of explosion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosion engineering.

SUBSTANCE: container contains a body with a lid and a chamber being mounted therein with a gap between said chamber and body and a cavity for a detonating mechanism. The lid and the body walls are gas-permeable and the chamber consists of at least three concentric spherical or coaxial cylindrical perforated shells being placed one into another with a gap between them and made of metal or polymer materials. The shells are disconnectable and connectors of adjacent shells are positioned in mutually perpendicular planes. The gaps between the adjacent shells of the chamber as well as between the chamber and the body are filled with a gas-permeable material, while the chamber shells, the container body and lid have various degrees of perforation. The degree of perforation of the shells decreases from the centre of the container to its periphery.

EFFECT: invention allows to avoid damage to the personnel and to localize the explosion effect.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the localization of high explosive explosive mechanisms, such as bombs.

A device is known "Waterfall" for localizing the effects of explosive mechanisms (BM) (US Pat. RU 2224976 C1, publ. 02.27.04), containing structural elements representing one or more chambers filled with a wave-extinguishing substance, closed along a contour in a horizontal section, forming a working cavity from below for placing an explosive mechanism with the possibility of selective, full or partial isolation of it from the surrounding space from above by one of the specific elements, as well as a shielding device for fragments. At the same time, the above structural elements are made in the form of a set of screen modules and a cover module. The screen modules are located symmetrically relative to the common vertical axis with gaps on the same plane. The lid module is freely mounted on the end or above the end of the smaller module of the screen with the possibility of moving upward under the action of the detonated explosive mechanism, and the working cavity is formed by the inner walls of the smaller module of the screen and on top of the module-lid.

The disadvantage of this device is the ability to work with an explosive mechanism only in the zone of its location, because the device does not provide protection for the lower cavity. In addition, the design of the device determines the need to exclude the movement of the device under the influence of the explosion products in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which the explosive mechanism is located, either due to the device’s own mass or due to the fastening elements of the device to the surface.

Also known explosion-proof device (US Pat. RU 2045746, CL F42D 5/04, publ. 10.10.95,) containing a frame made of top-closed coaxial cylinders made of tubular upper and lower rings connected by uprights. In the spaces between the cylinders there are star-shaped stiffeners rigidly fixed to the uprights of the inner cylinder and movably fixed around the uprights of the outer cylinder. A package of aramid fibers is located in the cavity of the inner cylinder, which are destroyed when fragments of the destroyed explosive device collide with them, which takes part of the kinetic energy of the fragments. As the speed of the fragments decreases and due to the high strength of the strands, the effect of “mass” attached to the fragments arises, the speed of the fragments decreases to zero. When passing between the fibers of the detonation products, they are crushed into separate objects, a single front of the air wave is destroyed, its energy decreases sharply. Under the influence of excess pressure of the detonation products, the shutters of the chamber walls [US 2915475, 1959] open, gaseous products exit the device without destroying it.

The main disadvantage of the device is its applicability to small masses of explosives and the need to destroy the explosive device at its location.

Also known is a container for localization of the explosion (US Pat. RU 2257537 C1, publ. 07.27.05), adopted for the prototype, comprising a housing of coaxial inner and outer chambers separated by a gap, the inner chamber being made not less than two-layer, and the outer chamber made detachable and consists of interconnected flanges of the Central compartment and covers, each of which is made in the form of a cylindrical shell, reinforced by radial stiffeners, and a plate parallel to the bottom, made with a Central hole, closed with a hundred rons of the central zone with a removable deformable membrane. The inner chamber is removable and mounted in the cavity of the outer chamber on position fixers with the support of its ends on the crash plate. A replaceable splinter shield made of a set of flat or curved plates is placed on its inner surface, and a splinter shield in the form of a plate is installed on the surface of the membranes.

The disadvantage of this container is the need to ensure the strength of the entire structure of the inner and outer chambers on the effects of the shock waves of the explosion, including the peak initial pressure and the residual pressure of the explosion products, which leads to the complication and weighting of the container.

The technical task to be solved is to develop a container that allows it to be transported with an explosive mechanism placed inside to the site of liquidation of the latter, and in case of accidental explosion of the explosive mechanism, the container design localizes the explosive impact of the explosion inside the container cavity, which eliminates the damage to personnel, people and objects the shock wave of the explosion of the explosive mechanism.

The specified technical problem can be solved by the claimed device.

The container is a case with a lid and a chamber with a gap for an explosive mechanism installed in it with a gap, in which the lid and walls of the body are gas-permeable, and the chamber consists of at least three concentric spherical or coaxial cylindrical, perforated shells placed with a gap in one another, of metal or polymeric materials, the shells being made detachable, and the connectors of adjacent shells are located in mutually perpendicular planes.

The gaps between the shells, as well as between the camera and the housing, the camera and the housing cover, can be filled with gas-permeable damping material, metallic and non-metallic, for example, metal rubber (mesh shock absorbers), basalt wool, etc.

The proposed design of the chamber for the explosive mechanism allows you to redistribute the impact of the shock wave of the detonated explosive mechanism between several perforated shells of the chamber, and the degree of perforation (the ratio of the total area of the holes in each specific shell to the total area of its surface) decreases with distance from the center of the chamber. Due to the perforation of the shells, a smaller load on each shell is ensured, which allows to reduce the total mass of the container, to prevent the expansion of fragments in case of destruction of the inner layer of the chamber, and ensuring the free exit of gaseous products of the explosion through the walls of the body and the perforated lid eliminates the effect of residual static pressure on the container body , which ensures its safe disassembly after the explosion. The execution of the shells detachable allows you to place the explosive mechanism inside the cavity of the inner shell, and the location of the connectors in mutually perpendicular planes to exclude from the container structure the power elements of the docking of each of the shells. Placing a gas-permeable damping material between the layers of the chamber, as well as the outer layer of the chamber and the container body and the outer layer of the chamber and the lid of the container, allows for additional throttling of the explosion products, as well as the distribution and amortization of the load that occurs when the explosion products act on the layers of the chamber.

Figure 1 shows the position of the drainage holes in adjacent shells of the chamber.

Figure 2 shows the change in the pulse shape of the pressure of the explosion products acting on each subsequent layer of the chamber.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the camera in disassembled form. Drainage holes in the shells, the housing and the cover, as well as one of the halves of the layer 3 are conventionally not shown.

Figure 4 shows a container made with damping material.

The container contains a housing (1) with a lid (2) and an inner chamber of a spherical, cylindrical, elliptical or other shape, representing a body of revolution around a longitudinal axis, consisting of at least 3 shells (3, 4, 5). The shells are made of a cylindrical, elliptical or other shape, representing a body of revolution around a longitudinal axis, placed sequentially one inside the other with a gap Δ. The jacks of the shells are located in mutually perpendicular planes.

The gaps between the shells can be filled with damping materials (8). The degree of perforation of the shells is different. The shells are installed in decreasing order of perforation from the inner shell (5) to the body (1) and the cover (2).

The assembly of the container and its operation is as follows.

The explosive mechanism (6) is placed in the inner cavity of the inner shell (5), which in turn is placed in the inner cavity of the middle shell (4), the plane of the connector of which is perpendicular to the plane of the connector of the inner shell (5), then the middle shell (4) is placed in the inner the cavity of the outer shell (3), the plane of the connector of which is mutually perpendicular to the plane of the connector of the shells (4) and (5), and also coincides with the axis of symmetry of the container body (1), after which the inner chamber, which is consistently assembled about span of (5), (4) and (3) fits into the inner spherical cavity of the container body (1) and closes the lid (2) which is fixed on the housing, for example, by a threaded ring on the flange or in any other way.

The gaps between the shells, as well as the inner chamber and the container body (1) and the inner chamber and the lid (2) are maintained using inserts (7) fixed on the inner or outer surface of the shell halves (at least 3 on each hemisphere).

Instead of the supports (7), the gaps can be filled with gas-permeable materials, for example, metal rubber.

In case of accidental or authorized explosion of explosives, the proposed device allows you to distribute the load from the effects of explosion products of the explosive mechanism between several shells and thereby avoid their simultaneous destruction. The perforated lid (2) and the perforated container body (1) of the container provide automatic pressure relief from the container after the explosion to the value of ambient atmospheric pressure, which ensures safe opening of the container. Gas-permeable layers allow for additional throttling of the explosion products, as well as ensure the depreciation of the layers of the inner chamber, a uniform distribution of the load between the layers, as well as trapping fragments in the event of the destruction of one or more layers of the chamber.

The proposed container allows the transportation of the explosive mechanism in a safe place for disposal or destruction. The structural design of the chamber ensures manufacturability and low cost of each part, which makes it easy to replace them in case of unauthorized destruction as a result of an explosion.

Claims (3)

1. A container for localizing the high-explosive action of an explosion, comprising a housing with a lid and a chamber with a gap for an explosive mechanism installed in it with a gap, characterized in that the lid and walls of the housing are gas-permeable, and the chamber consists of at least one placed with a gap into one another three concentric spherical or coaxial cylindrical, perforated shells of metal or polymeric materials, the shells being made detachable, and the connectors of adjacent shells located in mutually perpendicular planes tyah. 2. The container according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaps between adjacent shells of the chamber, as well as between the chamber and the housing are filled with a gas-permeable damping material. 3. The container according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell is made with varying degrees of perforation and is located in decreasing order from the center of the container to the periphery.

Images