ES2347797T3 - REACTIVE PROTECTION DEVICE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention describes a rigid or flexible pyrotechnic protection surface which is free or integrated into a housing, for medium-heavily and lightly armored vehicles, protection arrangements and surfaces to be protected, corresponding to FIG. 1 , with a single-layer or multi-layer carrier ( 4 ) of any configuration which is inclined in the region of action of the threat and pyrotechnic layers ( 2, 3 ) mounted on the carrier on both sides. Shock waves and reaction gases are formed by the firing of both layers and are accelerated both in opposite relationship to and also in the direction of the penetrating hollow charge threat ( 1 ). In that way both the front powerful blast elements and also a great blast length are disrupted and thus lose their penetration capability or are at least greatly diminished in respect of their residual power. The pyrotechnic protection surface is disposed in a condition of dynamic equilibrium over the entire period of action. No influences which are destructive or relevant in terms of terminal ballistics are exerted on the external region or on the structure to be protected. To increase the overall effect selected explosive surfaces are covered on the inside and/or outside with non-metallic materials which do not form ballistic fragments so that they are set in motion at different speeds upon being blasted with a hollow charge. For practical use it is particularly advantageous if the wall of the housing is incorporated as one or more of the inert materials into the structure of the armoring arrangement. The combination of inert and pyrotechnic materials which are operative to afford protection, in conjunction with a suitable layering arrangement, means that the response time can be reduced in relation to known armoring arrangements to such an extent that only a very small part of the hollow charge blast can still penetrate the armoring. With such arrangements, the weight in relation to surface area which is necessary to afford protection can be markedly reduced in comparison with known reactive armoring arrangements without requiring a high-mass disruption layer which flies towards the vehicle. In that way only comparatively light structures are required on the vehicle side in contrast to known reactive protection systems.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the invention

The

Present invention be refer to a protection

pyrotechnics

Y, particularly, to a device from

protection

reactive free from fragments in relationship to

Hollow cargo threats.

2. Technical background

Due to their very high drilling power, weapons portable anti-tank (PzAbwHWa) equipped with a warhead of Hollow cargo pose a great threat, particularly to low or medium armor vehicles. In this context, the Russian PG 7 turns out to be, in out of area operations, a threat on the battlefield basically to have in account because this weapon system is widespread worldwide

Protection of vehicles with light armor or light heavyweight in relation to defensive portable weapons antitank of this type is very limited or impossible with conventional reagent protection system and, in particular, liabilities, because the payload of vehicles the weight is limited and the weight is too large in relation to surface area of the shield required for the protection. The lightest vehicles only present thin wall thicknesses, basic vehicle protection It is usually designed only to respond to low caliber punching ammunition up to 14.5 mm.

Consequently, different systems of reactive protection, that is, acting through explosives, to reduce the weight in relation to the area of the surface necessary for protection.

For example, protection in relation to hollow loads in vehicles with semi-heavy armor with protection 30-50 mm basic in terms of armor steel, approximately, through passive protection systems requires a weight in relation to the additional surface area of the order of magnitude of 500 kg / m2 and with the systems of reactive protection known so far and already powerful yet are required, regarding threats of portable weapons antitank, a weight in relation to the surface area of the order of magnitude of 300 kg / m2.

That is, since the beginning of the 70s they have known provisions regarding hollow loads (threat of cargo hollow) and also in relation to energy projectiles kinetics (threat of kinetic energy), in which by pyrotechnically accelerated elements a lateral disturbance of the shocking threat or penetrating or perforating and, in this way, a reduction in drilling power In the case of initiation due to shocking threat, devices of this type are denominated as reactive protection, while in the case of a controlled initiation are referred to as of active shield The reactive provisions are, very predominantly, of a single or multilayer coverage, on one or both sides of the explosive using plates the most of the time metallic. The provisions of this

type are effective, with proper sizing, both in relation to hollow loads as in relation to projectiles of kinetic energy and are in use worldwide as protection modules in many armored vehicles.

The plate accelerator reactive systems have the crucial disadvantage of having to accelerate masses more or less large at speeds of several 100 m / s, which request both the environment as well as the carrier structure. Consequently, reactive shields are made, predominantly, in the form of modules (elements superficial) in construction in the form of boxes. In objects to protect lighter or thinner structures, use of reactive components is very restricted or impossible, precisely due to the requirement of the system itself. It is valid, in particular, in provisions related to kinetic energy threats, because to reduce their power should be accelerated relatively large masses. In reactive arrangements in relation to hollow loads, although the necessary disturbing masses are considerably lower, much faster speeds are needed to reach by means of effective disturbing masses laterally the hollow charge jets impacting up to 10 km / s

There are also known provisions that disturb the Hollow charge jets, directly during drilling through explosive layers or through fields electrical, divert them and produce, in this way, a power reduction In the case of the use of explosives, the provisions of this type are related to the

use of explosives in considerable thickness for be able to maintain the disturbing conditions of the jet for a prolonged period (depending on the length of the jet to disturb). However, while the layers of explosives start quickly by penetrating the jets of hollow load, in the case of sandwich layouts conventional, even with a relatively incline large, there is no lateral disturbance directed at against the piercing jet, particularly in the area frontal. This is only achieved when faced with a virtually free inclined explosive surface that, given The case is combined with a supporting wall (plugging). The relatively thick pure layers of gunpowder or explosive

or blades of explosives applied to an iron or wall are found in a number of known applications. In this In this case, these are basically reactive provisions of conventional configuration with explosive coverage of a side.

While in the case of hollow charges the detonation of explosives are produced very fast, it is needed, not However, a certain period for the formation of a

countryside

from Pressure due to that the penetrating particles

make

that he material of the objective impacted be,

initially,

accelerated in shape mechanics in a

approximately hemispherical configuration that moves away from the tip of the piercing jet. First of all produces a hollow space through which it can pass without be disturbed a more or less large part of the section of jet tip, particularly effective because of its

speed. However, that section is crucial for the residual effect of the threat of hollow loading and thus determines the degree of defense efficiency or the necessary expense for a power reduction.

The corresponding considerations are valid for the coverage of the explosive layer with plates to accelerate. They should not only be accelerated by shock waves

or gas forces, but must also overcome the crater formed by the tip of the jet to reach laterally the piercing jet. The structure of the arrangement and, in particular, its angle to the piercing threat are, in this case, the parameters determinants In the case of a number of ways of known embodiment has been tried to minimize by means of multilayer and strongly inclined reactive structures the adverse effects of crater formation described previously. As a general rule, this results, however, in structures with a lot of explosive or in modules with Small effective protection surface and depth large structural in relation to surface area cover. This also results in side effects. negative and insufficient overlaps. In addition, it increases the component of the constructive dead masses. The masses of this type not directly affected to provide protection represent in all reactive protection devices known so far a considerable proportion of the required masses in relation to surface area and correspondingly reduce the level of efficiency of the

protection.

Reactive protection devices are also known. that are arranged in front of the structure to be protected and that they have the purpose of reducing mechanical phenomena or of ballistics of negative effects on the environment through appropriate explosive toppings. The structures of this type, most often multilayers and most of the also complex times, they have a configuration of procedures hardly noticeable with respect to individual components and their interaction. Although they have proved to be effective, absolutely, in relation to Hollow loads are basically subjected to limitations in terms of effect and evaluation criteria aforementioned

Despite the use of surface area masses considerable, powerful reactive protection systems acquaintances so far have failed to offer a defense complete against threats of hollow charges, because only a certain proportion of the hollow charge jet can Be influenced by disturbance measures. For the so much, usually, between 20 and 30 percent, approximately, of the power of the load ammunition hollow has to be compensated as residual power by the basic vehicle armor.

In return for the weight advantages of reactive provisions compared to the provisions There are a number of disadvantages of passive protection. These conventional reactive protection systems act, predominantly, based on the principle of flying irons that, on the one hand, endanger,

severely, the armored vehicle environment and, on the other part, with the iron flying towards the wall of the vehicle They affect the structure. This is of great importance, particularly in lighter armor vehicles.

A series of shields of this type are known. describes, for example, in EP 0 379 080 A2, the Accelerated plates are composed, in this case, preferably steel. In accordance with said exposure, reactive protection is combined with a additional passive protection, to compensate for the part of the hollow charge jet that cannot be reduced Enough for reactive protection.

In US-A-5,824,951 a shield is described reagent in which the inert plates that surround the Exclusive are composed of different materials. The iron accelerated in relation to the hollow charge jet is glass, while the iron that flies with the jet towards the Vehicle to protect is made of steel. Behind the iron that fly with the jet there is a hollow space, so as not to disturb your movement during the interaction period with the hollow charge jet.

A shield is described in US-A-4,741,244 reagent in which behind the iron flying against the vehicle is arranged a hollow space. In this Exposure explains that the protective action of the iron rear is larger than the iron that flies towards the jet. The steel flywheel that flies backwards it moves at very high speed, so that the vehicle must have a heavy basic protection mounted, so that the

wall

of the vehicle no be perforated by parts from the

protection

reactive

In

he document FROM 37 29 211 C1 be describe a

reactive protection in which sandwich structures arranged inclined in the direction of the vehicle are combined with structures in the form of layers composed of explosive and brittle materials, for example, glass. The structure must act against the front of the jet of hollow load that, by virtue of the inertia of the plates inert, it perforates virtually without impediments the protection reactive mounted ahead. In the described arrangement, It also produces a high level of demand, due to the shocking parts on the vehicle.

Document DE 199 56 297 C2 describes a reactive protection in relation to hollow loads in which, in layers arranged inclined with respect to the direction of the bombing, the explosive is covered on the side of the bombing superficially of disturbing layers of materials fiber composites At least one disturbing layer It is formed of a very high fiber composite material resistance in the form of a textile fabric of raw materials synthetic or renewable or their combination.

Document DE 199 56 197 A describes a shield conventional reagent in which only the metal component usual is replaced by a non-metallic plate (preferably of fiber composite material), for prevent structural and environmental damage. The action protective in relation to threats of hollow load and energy kinetics is achieved through the acceleration of one or

more plates of this type, the reactive arrangement being arranged in a non-metallic housing. The described function of an additional plate, designated as a plate deformation is not understandable.

In US-A-5,637,824 it is a shield conventional reagent composed with an explosive layer and an accelerated metal plate in the direction of the threat. By detonation, in a layer relatively thick plugged back by means of a dynamically acting and continuous metal plate of the explosive layer, the hollow charge jet is reduced by its power by the disturbance of the jet. The effect Dynamic intermediate layer can be reinforced by of a layer introduced into the active zone and by another layer of explosive in front of the rear metal plate. The provision is based on the so-called "crater collapse" (Dynamic Collapse Effect) described in the literature. How materials for generating said effect are mentioned virtually all liquid materials, metallic or not metallic, of which, however, most do not produce No physical effect of this nature. Also described the case in which the frontal seal is shaped only for a non-metallic protective layer, in which case, then, an increased explosive thickness is required to produce the internal pressure necessary for an effect dynamic. After the detonation of the first sheet, the structure again represents a reactive shield conventional with a layer of explosive covering both

sides.

Further, They are subdued so much he environment how, in

particular structure.

In

he document FROM 37 29 211 C BE about from a

conventional reactive sandwich arrangement (metal plate with an intermediate layer of explosive) embedded in a way special in rigid foam. This first active layer will follow an explosive layer with body structure brittle (glass body) subsequent with layers explosive separators. All this provision is found arranged in a metal housing. Basically the arrangement described represents a relatively pre-wrapping thickness with built-in reactive sandwich structures inclined and composed of steel plates accelerated by explosives, the intermediate spaces being filled with rigid foam The powerful jet tip that, as it is known, passes virtually undisturbed through provisions of this type are captured in the next layer of a dynamically sealed vitreous body structure.

Also in WO-A-94/20811 it is a conventional reactive arrangement with two layers of explosive leaning against each other and covered on both sides in a solid metal box. The object of the invention was not the conventional reactive sandwich arrangement, assumed as known, with accelerated metal plates, but the type of its arrangement in a solid box. Through said structure protection was achieved in relation to threats from Hollow load as in relation to threats of kinetic energy. Structures of this type are used in a series of

armored vehicles of Soviet origin.

A basic problem in terms of the provision of reactive sandwich protection, particularly in relation to threats of hollow cargo, consists in the possibility of start the explosives used in the case of layers of relatively thin coverage that, due to loads of shock on the protection and box structures, are necessary due to the low level of energy density required Consequently, the provision described in the Document DE 33 13 208 C aims to cause a jet disturbance comparable to that of a so-called crater collapse, through the porous or foamed layer inserted into the reactive shielding device conventional, with built-in explosive component. This layer is covered on both sides of metal plates, particularly for protection in relation to threats of kinetic energy that represents, again, a sandwich Conventional construction reagent.

Document DE 102 50 132 A concerns provisions protection in relation to explosion producing mines and projectile shells, but not in relation to loads hollow In this case, the protective effect is performed by half of a container with a filling medium composed of a liquid or a fluid medium. Basically, in this case, it it is a protective structure that although it acts dynamically, it is not of a reactive disposition for defense against threats of hollow cargo.

Of the descriptions outlined regarding the state Current technique for reactive protection systems, it can be deduced that the reactive systems known up to

now they are still relatively heavy and require a relatively high basic protection to compensate for residual power This, in the case of portable weapons anti-tank defenses, corresponds to a basic protection in the order of magnitude from 60 to 80 mm in terms of steel of armor

In addition, EP 0 689 028 A1 discloses a protection device on which the preamble of reinvindication 1.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is also to protect vehicles with light heavy duty armor and, even, only light with a

protection

basic reduced, correspondingly in

relationship

to charges hollow, in particular in  relationship to

projectiles

from load hollow from medium caliber how, by

PG-7 example, without fragments being produced additional ballistic assets. A protection of this type in relation to hollow loads for armored vehicles Lightweight requires:

•

A very high effectiveness of the protection arrangement, a low weight in relation to the surface area with, at the same time, a minimum residual power;

•

the wall of the vehicle must not be loaded or punctured unacceptably by the threat or by parts of the protection system;

•

there should be no solicitation for fragments in the area around the vehicle under the protection system;

•

the mobility of the vehicle must not be restricted, if necessary, parts of the protection system must be mounted or disassembled during the mission;

•

the respective street traffic ordinances must be complied with (for example, in Germany: "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungsordnung" abbreviated StVZO);

•

in the vehicle there should be no risks due to the explosive beyond the protection system, that is, for example in Germany, classification 1.4 of the regulation regarding hazardous materials ("Gefahrgutverordnung" abbreviated GGVS) and

•

with mounted protection, quick access to hatches and warehouses must be possible.

In accordance with the present invention, said objective is achieved by at least two layers of a material pyrotechnic of equal or also different relationships Quantitative and / or thicknesses are freely available to distance from each other or in a box of a non material metallic, for example rubber, at an angle to the bombing direction. Advantageous configurations and improvements of the invention are subject to dependent claims.

According to the invention, said structure of pyrotechnic protection comprises a support of any inclined conformation in the area of impact or action of the threat, in which pyrotechnic layers have been mounted to both sides. Due to the initiation of both layers are formed shock waves and reaction gases and accelerate both against as towards the direction of the piercing threat. Of this

so, in relation to the hollow loads, the powerful front jet elements as well as a crucial part of the entire jet length and, consequently, its piercing power is lost. In this context, the pyrotechnic structure is found during all the time active in dynamic equilibrium, at least approximately, and does not exert influences relevant to the ballistics of effects or destructive on its environment, is say, neither on the outside area nor on the structure Same to protect. In this regard, in this context, the required angled area size results from simple kinematic considerations regarding the process drilling

It is a very simple and basic provision that, fundamentally, it is not subject to limitations or restrictive technical specifications. From there derives a level of innovation not reached by any provision reactive known so far. In addition, the surface of Pyrotechnic protection presented is appropriate for get both under a relative frontal position as by integration, a significant increase in the level of protection in relation to a series of devices known shielding.

Basically, the pyrotechnic protection surfaces can be combined in a simple way with provisions for defense in relation to threats of kinetic energy. Throughout case, in the optimization of protections in relation to different types of threats do not need dead masses or

They are only required to a minimum extent.

Of course, despite basically unrestricted freedom of configurations a reasonable relationship should be maintained Among the few parameters involved. In the case of conventional reactive shields, effectiveness depends, crucially, of dimensional specifications. For him Otherwise, in the present invention it is only necessary basically observe a few preconditions that, In addition, they are valid for all reactive arrangements. To them belongs, for example, the minimum thickness of explosive to ensure initiation or detonation keep going. An exception is given by deflagration desired, as long as it should not be achieved through of the composition of the pyrotechnic layer. Others prerequisites result from geometric conditions and from the relationship between threat and dimensioning of the protection surface In this regard, they should be taken in consideration of the materials used, such as, for example, the type of explosive or corresponding additions Up to the amount of protective surfaces.

Under the high level of effectiveness, with a pyrotechnic protection surface in accordance with the invention, the explosive mass to be used per unit area of surface can be considerably smaller in comparison with known reactive shields up to now, observing the limitations mentioned above up to 50% As a reference value for the design, the thickness of explosive covers, with an angle between defense and threat zone of more than 30º, may be 50%,

about the average diameter of the jet.

Regarding the speeds v attainable in relation to Free and covered explosive surfaces can be realized fundamental considerations through the equation of Gurney for flat pyrotechnic surfaces:

image 1

where a = M1 / C and b = M2 / C as well as A = (1 + 2 · a) / (1 + 2 · b); M / C: Wall mass ratio and explosive; index 1: front surface, index 2: surface

10 rear; (2 · E) 0.5: Gurney factor (in this case, assumed as of

2800 m / s); v2 = A · v1. In the virtual case of unilateral coverage, a or b is

15 equal to zero.

In the following table some have been calculated sizing that underline considerations fundamental. In this regard, the important consideration It is not the absolute value, but the profiled confirmation

20 clearly in connection with the present invention (D: thickness, M: dough, S: sandwich).

D1

rho1 M1 DC rhoC MC D2 rho2 M2 MS MSLos to b TO v1 v2

cm

g / cm3 kg / m2  cm g / cm3 kg / m2  cm g / cm3 kg / m2 kg / m2 kg / m2 one one one m / s m / s

0

2.8 0.3  0 1.5 3 0 2.8 0.3 0.8 1.6 0.1 0.1 one 3883 3883

0.1

2.8 2.8 0 1.5 3  0.1 2.8 2.8 8.4 16 0.9 0.9 one 1888 1888

0.1

2.8 2.8 one 1.5 fifteen  0.1 2.8 2.8 8.4 16 0.2 0.2 one 3331 3331

0.1

2.8 2.8 2 1.5 30  0.1 2.8 2.8 8.4 16  0.1  0.1 one 3883 3883

0.1

2.8 2.8 3 1.5 Four. Five  0.1 2.8 2.8 8.4 16  0.1  0.1 one 4138 4138

0.1

2.8 2.8 one 1.5 7.5 0.2 2.8 5.6 11.2 21.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 2796 1958

0.1

2.8 2.8 one 1.5 7.5 one 2.8 28 33.6 64 0.4 3.7 0.2 3109 641

0.1

2.8 2.8 one 1.5 7.5 2 2.8 56 61.6 117.3 0.4 7.5  0.1 3204 351

0.1

2.8 2.8 one 1.5 7.5 3 2.8 84 89.6 170.6 0.37 eleven  0.1 3242 242

0.1

2.8 2.8 one 1.5 7.5 fifteen 2.8 420 425.6 810.2 0.4 56 0 3311 51

0

2.8 0.3 one 1.2 12 one 7.85 78.5 79.1 150.5  0 6.5 0.1 4604 342

0

7.85 0.8 one 1.2 12 one 7.85 78.5 80.1 152.4 0.1 6.5 0.1 4340 348

0.10

7.85 7.9 one 1.2 12 one 7.85 78.5 94.2 179.3 0.7 6.5 0.2 2649 434

0

1.5 0.2 one 1.2 6 0 1.5 0.2 0.5 0.9  0 0 one 4522 4522

0.1

1.5 1.5 one 1.2 6  0.1 1.5 1.5 4,5 8.6 0.3 0.3 one 3067 3067

0.1

4,5 4,5 one 1.2 6  0.1 4,5 4,5 13.5 25.7 0.8 0.8 one 2068 2068

With a greater explosive thickness and a support layer relatively thin results theoretically speeds

5 of the order of magnitude of the combustion gas velocity of more than 4 km / s. The free surface or reduced coverage of the explosive surface is decisive for an approximation of theoretically attainable speeds.

In very thin coverage (surface protection

10 laminar) in the order of magnitude of 0.1 mm are also achieved in very small explosive sheet thicknesses (for example, 2 mm - the minimum thickness is determined by the initiation characteristics) very high surface speeds (greater than 3 km / s) Already with coverage

15 still very reduced (for example, 1 mm H) speed

Superficial falls to 2 km / s. However, compared to Conventional sandwiches are still very high.

With unilateral or virtually unilateral coverage, average explosive thickness and relatively solid wall (per example, for protection in relation to kinetic energy or for system reasons), with realistic sizing and very high unilateral speed result speeds of adhesion of the order of magnitude of 50 m / s. Such low speeds can still be controlled by means mechanics Therefore, for this design boundary zone of according to the invention combinations result particularly interesting where they meet a high protection efficiency with depth constructive reduced and without demanding the environment and the structure.

The following fundamental provisions are considered through examples in relation to support designs of in accordance with the present invention (see Figure 4 and Figure 5):

Figure 4A: Symmetric coverage using sheets of pure explosive. This also includes, of course, sheets with surface treatment or surface protection. From this way, simultaneous detonation occurs at the first approach. "Dynamic plugging" due to gases detonation increases the active stopper mass and results in maximum surface speed in the order of magnitude of the

speed

from the gas from combustion. By definition, the

wall

same no experience any acceleration. The

speeds

from the gas from reaction they can be

considerably influenced by the design of sheets and the explosive chosen, in the same way as by the substances incorporated in the matrix of the explosive. In a cover of the explosive layer with a solid layer, as is the case, very predominantly, in structures conventional sandwich, said possibility of Influence is strongly restricted.

Figures 4B and 4C: Different explosive coverage. From this way, a resulting wall velocity occurs dividing or support. It does not mean, basically, a limitation of the field of application with a corresponding configuration and an appropriate selection of material. Then, an almost complete symmetry of all the provision can be achieved through a provision symmetric of two surfaces. As the beginning of a approximate estimate of the acceleration resulting from the support layer or connection layer in the direction of the threat or in relation to the direction of the threat,

the

difference between the thicknesses from the two sheets from

explosive can

 tomars e like a pri mere approximation.

Figure

5A: Between the sheets from explosive pure be

find a more expanded wall (for example, of a very low density in the order of magnitude of 0.1 g / cm3). Said wall can be, also with high compressibility, of a relatively hard dynamic nature.

Figures 5B and 5C: The blades of explosive in the structure corresponding to figure 5A is covered with a very thin layer on the wall side (support side) or either on the external side (threat or object side). From

this way, in accordance with the considerations of Gurney, this allows adjustments in the speed of combustion gas propagation. Therefore for

example,

too is possible get in he rank from

toppings

superficial reduced a extension from the

duration of intervention regarding the threat.

Of course, the sheets or also the covers They can have variable thicknesses. In this way, by For example, it is possible to influence the effectiveness of a party superficial, for example to compensate for different depths of protection or angles of incidence.

In connection with capturing fast jet parts by means of sufficiently high speeds of free sheet surfaces may result on the appropriate surface coverage provisions acting widely with a high overall efficiency level. It's like that that a unilateral coverage of the explosive sheet by middle of an accelerated sizing plate Conventional can be considered a borderline case. But nevertheless, this is valid only for these partial components of a reactive structure, but not for a reactive arrangement in the sense and with the requirements of the present invention.

A thicker support layer or a separating layer between explosive sheets with physical characteristics additional, for example regarding behavior dynamic or specific characteristics regarding waves of shock, it can be advantageous due to the fact of increasing the depth of intervention, that is, remain involved there a plurality of jet particles or a larger

jet length The known vitreous bodies dynamically compacted by explosives work on that basis. However, not lastly due to the required thicknesses are relatively heavy in the mass balance of a shield.

In the case of reactive shields, the influence of size of the elements on the clogging effect and, therefore, on the speeds attainable by Accelerated components is of great importance. In this context it can be clearly seen that the small sizes of relatively large explosive elements and thicknesses and masses of elevated elements have a reducing effect of speed. Well, the speed of a surface element small is much smaller the thicker the coverage (increased mass) and the thicker the layer of explosive Said speed reduction can be of order of magnitude of 50%, so that such influence can override other specific parameters by objective. In very small coverage masses or in layers of pure explosive, said influence of the size of elements is reduce accordingly. In a first approximation remains without influence on the velocity of gases. From this is another advantage in compliance provisions with the present invention. In particular, the criteria of very important design, such as module size and action in marginal areas, are positively influenced.

A multilayer support structure allows the it can also serve as a control element for the energy transfer and signals between the sheets of

explosive. A design criterion in this regard is the acoustic impedance of the materials used.

The layers of explosives required on surfaces of pyrotechnic protection according to the invention, only they have few requirements regarding tolerances of manufacturing and surface finishing and, therefore, of manufacturing processes. This considerably increases the freedom in terms of surface design of a protection element

The improvements result from the procedure, basically known to cover bilayer surfaces pyrotechnics with materials of different density. So advantageous, for the toppings materials of greater or lower density, brittle, disintegrating or delaminating such as glass, composites, ceramics or materials hard to impact, but soft at warp speeds relatively low, for example rubber, which with its inertia after a long response time they dissipate or erode for a relatively long time the middle part or Hollow charge jet rear. As low materials density are suitable, for example foamed materials metallic or nonmetallic. In the case of surfaces of explosive free, the air as enveloping medium gets, Due to its low level of inertia, a response time brief and high acceleration for the dispersion of fast parts coming from the frontal area of the jet of hollow load

Within wide limits changes can be made

geometric by the model rules applied to the

ballistics, in particular Cranz's model law that was originally formulated for the detonation of explosives and, later, extended to all the ballistics of effects. From this way, a proven structure in practice can be transferred within very wide limits to uses comparable, by means of physical reproduction rules and geometric Other aids regarding sizing are provided by numerical simulations.

The high level of effectiveness of a provision of compliance with the invention is not basically linked to a box Containers, boxes or covers serve, First, for fixing or protecting layers active, also in conjunction with protection components to combine and in relation to external influences.

In practice it is convenient to link the operation of the protection device in accordance with the invention with the constructive specifications of the object to protect This can be extended from a simple juxtaposition to protective structures complementary. The inert materials of the front face and / or back of the box comprising one or more layers they can also be optimized in terms of effectiveness in relation to projectiles of kinetic energy.

In a preferred embodiment, the explosive layers and inert materials are introduced into recesses prefabricated protection module, so the Reactive protection can be adapted to the vehicle to be protected, simply and properly sized for the

manufacturing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The characterizing figures of the invention and the description of the processes involved in relation to shocking or piercing threats are listed next:

Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a pyrotechnic surface according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows the operation of the surface pyrotechnic according to figure 1 at a relatively time Early penetration and drilling process.

Figure 3 shows the operation of the surface pyrotechnic according to figure 1 at a time after penetration and drilling process.

Figure 4 shows examples of pyrotechnic surfaces according to figure 1, with thin supports.

Figure 5 shows examples of pyrotechnic surfaces according to figure 1, with expanded supports.

Figure 6 shows an example of an arrangement pyrotechnic with two layers of explosive free.

Figure 7 shows an example of an arrangement pyrotechnic with internal plugging.

Figure 8 shows another example of an arrangement pyrotechnic with deformation sandwich.

The

figure 9 sample a example from a provision

pyrotechnic with container / box.

The

figure 10 sample other example from a provision

pyrotechnic with container / box.

The

figure eleven sample other example from a provision

pyrotechnic with container / box.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURING MODELS CURRENTLY PREFERRED

Previous and future features and advantages

from

the invention will be best included in base to the

description

next from examples preferred no

restrictive

with reference to the drawings attached.

Consequently, figure 1 shows the basic structure of a compliance pyrotechnic protection surface with the invention, with a shocking hollow charge jet or well shocking threat 1, pyrotechnic coverages 2 and 3 and intermediate support 4.

Figure 2 shows the status or operation of the pyrotechnic protection surface according to figure 1 in a relatively early moment of the penetration process and drilling. The initiation of pyrotechnic coverage frontal (facing the threat) 2 is performed at the point of impact of 1 on 2 (small circle 5). The front of detonation spreads in 2 at a speed that is in the order of magnitude of the average drilling speed of the jet in the part to be rejected from the hollow charge jet (symbolized by arrows 6). In the case of a relatively thin support occurs in coverage later pyrotechnic 3 an initiation due both to shock waves propagated from 5 in the form of a hemisphere, as to the piercing jet tip at the point of impact of 1 over 3 (small circle 5A). For the propagation of detonation front in 3 the same conditions are valid than with respect to 2 (arrows 6A). Under the conditions geometric and, in particular, also the configuration of

4, an asymmetry may result in the control space valid regarding the moment considered (large circle 7) for the interaction of forces and, therefore, for the total dynamics However, this has no influence on the basic properties of the described arrangement. The detonation fronts that spread against the threat, consisting of accelerated reaction gases (and, if necessary, accelerated surface layers), are symbolized by the expanding pressure field 9.

In the case of surfaces of 2 and 3 free or only lightly covered, high speeds of propagation of the detonation front and the gases of reaction in the direction of the penetrating or piercing jet (field of arrows 8). The speed is also increased by crucial way by virtue of the corking property of surfaces 4 and 3 (prior to static initiation, under the inertial mass, and after the initiation of 3, by virtue of the formation of the pressure field), in comparison with explosive layer 2. In this way, parts of jet in the zone of tip are loaded laterally and, consequently, diverted or destroyed. In the case of hollow charge particles very sensitive to disturbances, in particularly in the tip area, the power supplies with a low energy level for a large decrease in power (destruction) of these parts.

Under the penetration mechanism described previously, the front jet parts still they cross the front pyrotechnic layer 2. They are captured in the subsequent pyrotechnic coverage 3. Due to the

current prevailing physical properties, the geometric proportions and the speeds presented, in conjunction with short reaction times, in the area later also the jet tip is reached advanced so that, in total, a load occurs complete, deviation and, therefore, destruction of a much of the hollow charge jet, including more advanced particles.

These conditions are shown in Figure 3. A part of the pyrotechnic coverage 2 has already been converted into a pressure field 9A in major expansion process. He total dynamic control space, symbolized by the large circle 8A, with the fields of arrows 8 and 10 of the reaction surfaces of 2 and 3 shows both an image full of compensated forces in a good degree of approach, as well as jet tip loading more advanced in the area of the disturbance field 12 formed by 3 and identified by a small circle 11.

Figure 4 shows examples for the surfaces of symmetric or asymmetric pyrotechnic protection with supports positioned in between. They may be relevant for protection (for example, as protection in relation to to kinetic energy or protection in relation to cone loads shallow) or extremely light in nature. The corresponding reactive arrangements may be made up of a single element (flat or curved or of any shape) or assembled to form a plane by middle of the combination of two or more elements. Of this

mode, according to the invention reactive protection It can be adjusted to the threat.

Some examples of pyrotechnic protection surfaces (in this case, arranged symmetrically) with expanded supports or interior surfaces (4A, 4B, 4C). As described, they can be made of extremely light materials or also, at the same time, serve as an interior volume (for example, as a container) for other purposes. By of course, the configurations of these interior areas do not they have limitations, as long as they are not restricted in a way Inadmissible operation of reactive components.

As shown based on configuration examples (see Figures 6 to 11) and the experiments performed, uni and / or bilateral coverage of the surfaces of explosive inside and / or outside (13, 13A, 14, 14A) are of great importance, particularly for the degree of total efficiency of a shield and, similarly, for the distribution of protection still necessary in relation to the residual penetration of the threat.

For an optimal protection effect of provisions reagents according to the invention, the tamponade single or bilateral of one of the explosive layers can be advantageous for the total balance of the protection effect or in combination with specifications relating to the design technology To increase the protection effect total is advantageously carried out a plugging of this type of the explosive by means of disintegrating masses, by example surfaces of metallic or nonmetallic sheets,

fiberglass, ceramic or glass reinforced plastic or also liquids and gels.

According to the above description, the materials of blockages should be selected in quantity and density so that in combination with the pyrotechnic layers one or more plugging layers are set in motion, if possible early to disturb the fast parts front of the hollow charge jet and so that one or more plugging materials are set in motion more slowly, so that they can disturb the areas slower middle and rear of the hollow charge jet.

The explosive layers may be embedded as matrix in one or more metallic or non-metallic materials of low density (15-30 kg / m3) and high compressibility (see figure 6).

The configuration of the support 4 is completely free. Consequently, in figure 1 it is shown as a surface curved Only a sufficient inclination is necessary regarding the threat in the area of action. Under the high efficiency of pyrotechnic coverage, in the Proposed arrangement here the minimum angles are 10 ° to 15 ° lower compared to known reactive structures. Because in conventional construction sandwiches part of a minimum inclination angle of 45º, in the present arrangement is sufficient an average angle between threat and defense from 30 ° to 40 °. The angle between the defense surface and threat can be formed to through the angle of incidence of the entire surface or to through geometric modifications by means of measurements

technical or constructive Thus, for example, to have a sufficient effect also on a surface too little inclined about a threat, the necessary inclination can be achieved, for example, by

means, medium

from setting, angulation or lamination. TO East

respect,

the different shapes from realization from the

surface

from protection pyrotechnics they can to form a

coherent surface or be made up of different modules with intermediate spaces or other separations (for example, surface segments, lattices, modules separated or module meshed in each other).

The technical support configuration is not basically subject to limitations (for example, metallic, non-metallic, structured, UNI or multilayer). The support can be rigid

or deformable / movable and its thickness can reach from a sheet thickness up to a solid plate or a thicker structure. In addition, it can be composed of a inert material or a chemical / pyrotechnically reactive Therefore, it can also be formed in this support an internal high pressure field by means of the detonation of pyrotechnic coverage.

The power of a protection provision is, generally, evaluated as the mass ratio of reference (ammo power in terms of shielding steel equivalence) with respect to the mass of the protection device itself, by means of two factors:

1. Em factor, consisting of: Em = mref / (mS + mRL), with mref as the power of the mass threat in terms

of steel, mS as used protective mass and mRL as the mass residual power in terms of steel; as well as

2. Fm factor, formed of Fm = (mref - mRL) / mS.

The Em factor serves as an evaluation standard for Total protection quality. In a measure of protection partial, that is, in case of a residual power still present, the evaluation of the different provisions of protection is carried out, sensibly, by means of the factor Fm, to be able to evaluate comparatively the quality of them.

The Fm values obtainable in the current state of the technique, for protection provisions are found in the order of 5, for reactive arrangements in the interval from 8 to 10.

An arrangement in accordance with the invention basically presupposes the use of pyrotechnic substances with a dynamic corresponding to the application case, it is say reaction capacity. Element manipulation pyrotechnics required here and safety precautions related and other operational specifications are decisively improved because the technical requirements necessary for the structure of the support or the vehicle they can be calculated at an extremely low level, due to The advantages described. In addition, the period of use of a Effective pyrotechnic coverage can be minimized through of corresponding precautions.

Figure 6 shows a fundamental structure according to the Figure 5A The hollow load is positioned at distance 15 of the reactive protection device. In the most form

simple, it consists of the layers of explosive 16 and 17 inclined with respect to the axis of the jet 1. Layers 18, 19 and 20 serve for the pure fixation of explosive layers 16 and 17. These layers 18,19 and 20 can also serve as very light plugging. However, in this context, the required speed of surface propagation should not be substantially limited.

The protection provision in accordance with the figure 6 was studied experimentally at 45 ° with a load experimental type PG 7 at a distance (15) of 2.5 calibers, approximately. Protection structure consisted of foamed / explosive / material Foamed / explosive / foamed material, the weight in relationship to the surface area was, at a density of Foamed material of 15 kg / m3, less than 30 kg / m2 in LoS (line of sight). The residual power determined in form experimental was approximately 30% of the power of the hollow load in terms of armor steel. Of this I know deduces for Fm an extraordinarily high value of more of 70. Also, as in the following examples, produce relevant parts for the ballistics of effects in direction of the threat nor in the direction of the object to to protect.

This confirms that an extremely disposition lightweight of this type in accordance with the invention is appropriate as general protection in combination with objects to protect commonly, as additional shielding and, in particular, as protection for almost all vehicles. For vehicles with high basic protection, for

example, armored tanks, a provision of this type is also very appropriate to protect sides and back in relation to threats due to portable anti-tank weapons

In another experiment, the front explosive layer 16 was plugged by means of a relatively thin layer of a medium density material. With a weight in relation to the area 100 kg / m2 surface area for protection provision reactive, the residual power was only 10%, approximately. This implies an Fm value of more than 25.

If you compare these powers determined in form experimental with protection provision values known reactive, the difference is evident regarding the protection provision in accordance with the invention, both in terms of residual power (10% in comparison with approximately 30%) as well as referred

in

to weight in relation to surface area (~ 100 kg / m2 comparison with 300 kg / m2).

In another test, both the explosive layer was plugged front 16 as well as the rear explosive layer 17 on the side of the support by means of a brittle material (20, 20A) of medium density (Figure 7). Under a relatively thin inner layer of foamed material 19 it is, in this case, a protective structure particularly flat, according to figure 5B. With a weight in relation to the surface area of less than 90 kg / m2 for the reactive protection provision, the residual power was of less than 10%. This implies an Fm value of more than 30.

The

power residual from the load hollow should be

compensated

by materials ballistically effective. How

even

materials such how he steel from armor,

High strength duralumin or titanium only reach efficiencies of up to 1.5, the particular power of this protective arrangement in accordance with the invention it is clear, in particular, in particular consideration of use in relation to light systems. The extremely low residual powers achieved confirm that the use of a provision of reactive protection of this type in accordance with the invention in vehicles with medium armor and even lightweight

This was confirmed by an experiment of a reactive protection device shown in figure 8. In this combination of the provisions shown in the Figures 5 and 6 (front cover: Thick density layer average 21), on the objective side, behind a layer of explosive 17 embedded in foamed material 19, 20 se a deformation device was arranged 22. With a weight in relation to the surface area of 170 kg / m2 for The entire reactive protection provision, the power residual was only about 1% to 2%.

A comparison of the absolute values of this protective arrangement in accordance with the invention with reactive protection systems according to the current state of the technique clarifies this considerable level of innovation. Conventional protection systems with a weight in relation to the surface area of 300 kg / m2

they get, in the most favorable case, power values 20% residual of the reference power of the threat, that is, in the case of a threat by portable weapon antitank with a power of 300 mm to 400 mm in terms of armor steel, a residual power of 60 to 80 mm in Armor steel terms. This corresponds to a weight in relation to the surface area from 480 k / m2 to 640 k / m2. By therefore, in the most favorable case it is for the armored protection a total weight in relation to the area of surface area of 780 kg / m2. For example, if the surface to protect from an object has 6 m2 (for example, protection side), a protection weight of 4680 kg is required. In comparison, the residual power of the arrangement of Reactive protection according to the invention is found only at a maximum of 10 mm in terms of armor steel, corresponding to a weight in relation to surface area of 80 kg / m2. Therefore, in addition to weight in relation to the surface area of this arrangement of protection according to the invention results for armored protection a total weight in relation to the area of surface of 250 kg / m2. For the object to be protected, with a protection area of 6 m2, this means a weight of the protection of only 1500 kilos, that is, saving weight relative to compliant reactive protection systems The current state of the art would be 3180 kg. For the therefore, with a reactive protection provision of according to the invention only 32% is needed, approximately, of the mass of protection of provisions

of conventional reactive protection.

Pyrotechnic coverage of the protection surface it can be composed of a coating, a sheet of fixed or applied explosive, a reactive mixture applied (by for example, metal additions to increase the efficiency of the disturbance) or also of a rigid container (bag) or deformable containing a pyrotechnic active agent. Without However, its walls must be of a nature such that the described operation of the protection surface

pyrotechnics

no be injured. Without embargo, it is

guaranteed

in he case from thicknesses from coverage from the

components

rapid of the order from magnitude from tenths from

millimeter.

The envelope metallic or no metallic from a

container of this type or the surface of the sheets of Explosive may also result from the manufacturing process. In addition, wraps or surfaces of this type also may be needed for protection in relation to requirements for manipulations and operations and influences environmental.

Pyrotechnic protection surfaces can combine in a simple way to achieve the effect necessary defense in relation to threats relatively severe Thus, for example, by means of interconnection of two pyrotechnic protection surfaces relatively thin a new surface of highly efficient protection, whose total thickness of explosive is still smaller than that of reactive shields known. Thus, also in the use of two pyrotechnic protection surfaces, due to the power reduced residual these high values of

efficiency or hollow loads are still effectively captured greater. This is valid, in particular, also for tandem arrangements.

All options concerning the initiation of the pyrotechnic surface must be derived or transferred from known protection devices. This includes the activation through direct action or through initiation aids, up to a controlled initiation remote. Similarly, all options concerning the coating or wrapping of the pyrotechnic surface must be derived or transferred from protection devices known. This includes placement (or packaging) in a pure protective sheet (for example, in relation to climatic influences, to ensure against shocks and abrasion during transport or for forming surface color).

Other advantages and derivable configuration options

or transferable, without much knowledge, of devices reactive protection refer to the realization of a box and fixings, including detachability and, with it, interchangeability and mobility (insert, rotate, flip). This is also valid for positioning by means of fasteners or intermediate layers to a distance in front of the object to be protected. Of course, the They should not harm the operation. In the case of intermediate layers or spacers can be treated, by example of thin structures, very low substances density or air chambers. Other points refer to modular structures, multilayer arrangements, changes of

support thickness and pyrotechnic coverage and variations of the active components involved. Of course also any layers or structures can be covered (by example, curved, corrugated or angled surfaces).

Reactive protection devices or surfaces more efficient in accordance with the invention, also they make superfluous, widely, the use of techniques highly complex active protection and very susceptible to failures. Systems of this type try to get another increased level of protection compared to conventional reactive protection systems, in particular where the threat by the object itself can no longer be rejected even with powerful reactive devices known or the object to be protected is loaded too much or, even, destroyed by the reactive shield itself.

However, even where systems are arranged active protection, reactive compliance surfaces with the invention they get a crucial advantage thanks to the modules of this type that, with very low masses in relation to surface area and, above, in any way or with a very small element size, get high levels of protection. This takes effect, particularly in the case. of actively accelerated protection elements, due to that for the very small masses they need for acceleration relatively low energy

The following are basic advantages of the pyrotechnic protection surfaces or devices:

• The pyrotechnic protection device or surface

It has a weight in relation to the minimum surface area.

•

The pyrotechnic protection device or surface needs a minimum depth.

•

The pyrotechnic protection surface is basically a free element and, therefore, not tied to other technical devices.

•

The pyrotechnic protection device has an optimum degree of total efficiency with respect to mass and depth of protection.

•

In a planiform structure there is no limitation, both with respect to the conformation as well as the

•

Very small element sizes can be made, because the marginal influence (for example, on coverage) is much smaller compared to conventional reactive shielding.

•

The arrangement can be adapted in any way to the angle of inclination of the surface to be protected.

•

The pyrotechnic surface can be positioned in any way as a module, for example, as a UNI or multilayer pre-wrap, as an active surface together with skirts or, directly, as a skirt.

•

A charge of the hollow charge jet is produced in two different directions with minimal reaction time and, at

same time, high temporal stretch.

•

Apart from an expansive pressure, usually not very problematic, there are no structural requirements. In this way deformations of the bearing structure can be avoided.

•

There are no demands on the entire environment due to relevant masses in terms of ballistics of effects.

•

The pyrotechnic protection surface can be of any shape and can be adapted to each internal surface or structure.

•

The pyrotechnic protection surface can be rigid or deformable / movable.

•

The pyrotechnic protection surface can be removably attached to existing surfaces in any way.

•

The pyrotechnic protection surface can be deployed or suspended as a rigid or movable curtain in a frame or loose in front of an object to be protected.

•

Pyrotechnic protection surfaces can occupy layers or structures of any type on one or both sides.

•

Any structure of independent protection surfaces and their combinations is possible. For example, in this way, pyrotechnic protection surfaces parallel or inclined against each other can also be combined.

•

The pyrotechnic surface can be used as a stand-alone device or combined with other shields (for example, in relation to threats of hollow charge and kinetic energy).

•

The pyrotechnic protection device can be effectively combined with deformation plate arrangements, because it reduces high jet velocities and, therefore, increases the efficiency of deformation plate arrangements (deformation sandwiches).

•

Pyrotechnic surfaces can be used as an efficient multi-layer planiform module, for example, in relation to threats of single hollow loads of relatively large caliber or threats of hollow tandem loads.

• The pyrotechnic protection surface does not presuppose

•

With pyrotechnic protection surfaces there are multiple options for retrofitting existing structures, vehicles or other surfaces to be protected (also as additional shielding in inert shields or existing reagents).

•

In the case of use or through the replacement of active components, a technical improvement of the entire structure results in a number of known examples of reactive protection devices.

•

Pyrotechnic protection surfaces can be adapted, without large expenses, to the current state of the

depth of protection It means that they are also

possible

buildings extremely flat (order from

magnitude:

twenty% to 30% from the power from drilling from

reference

from the load hollow in terms from steel from

armor).

a

demand technique high (for example, in terms from

process

from manufacturing, tolerances from manufacturing Y

homogeneity of the explosive).

• The

costs from manufacturing from the surface from

protection

They are reduced in comparison with he effect from

protection achieved.

technique.

• Also in the case of different coverage thicknesses

or masses of elements a state of dynamic equilibrium under appropriate design or sizing of the other components.

•

The support of a pyrotechnic protection device may be composed of inert material or a hollow or filled structure.

•

The support of a pyrotechnic protection surface can be minimized as a pure fixing or mounting surface or, depending on the respective configuration (for example, multilayer or as a technical structure), satisfying additional ballistic or technical requirements within wide limits. This can be done without diminishing or disturbing the basic power of the device.

•

All known advantages of devices of this type apply to the case or the pyrotechnic surface fasteners.

•

If necessary, the side, roof and floor surfaces of a box or container can also be covered with pyrotechnic protection surfaces.

•

By means of pyrotechnic protection surfaces in accordance with the invention it is also possible, for the first time, to achieve highly effective protection in relation to threats of hollow loading in the case of light vehicles or unarmored installations.

•

By means of pyrotechnic protection devices in accordance with the invention it is also possible, for the first time, to achieve highly effective protection in relation to threats of large caliber hollow load in the case of

vehicles with light heavy duty armor (for example, vehicles Infantry Fighter (SPZ = Schützenpanzer).

•

The pyrotechnic protection surfaces can be used in active shields as complement and / or effective component.

•

Pyrotechnic protection surfaces can serve both in relation to active shielding and in signal transmission (detonation transmission).

In a reactive protection device, the layers of respective explosives may be enclosed, optionally, in one or more chambers equipped with materials of filling or air. Other configurations of the invention, in

particular

respect from its use Y fitness in he case from

vehicles

light Y media from transport, be explain

briefly below.

A flexible box is particularly advantageous in the that the layers of explosive not plugged or just plugged in certain areas are enclosed by the box. The box (see Figures 9 to 11) may be composed of a material elastic, metal free, no fragment generator like, for example, elastomers, thermoplastic resins or resins Duroplastic In addition, it can also consist of materials such as foams, sintered materials, fiber composite materials, a material material renewable premiums, wood or synthetic wood, a material organic (paper, leather), a textile material or a combination of said materials. In an integration complete with one or more layers of explosive on the walls of the box, a dynamic plugging of the explosive occurs

detonating. This may lead to another increase in effect. protective. In addition, the explosive layer facing the field of combat can be additionally protected by means of a composite shielding, in particular in relation to ammunition of low caliber

The following three provisions serve to illustrate the almost unlimited configuration possibilities of boxes or containers In this way, figure 9 shows an example of a pyrotechnic arrangement 23, in which box 28 It has a perpendicular back wall. Behind cover thin front 24 the layer is arranged front pyrotechnic 25, followed by an intermediate layer 27 constituted of air or a medium of very low density. Between 27 and the subsequent volume (filled or free) is found another pyrotechnic layer 26.

The reactive protection can be mounted with or without box, directly or remotely, on a device deformation, on the side of the vehicle. The structure of deformation is composed of a metallic front layer or not metallic, a functional layer of dynamic action, for example

rubber,

Y from a cap rear metallic or no metallic, that

may

represent the wall Exterior of the vehicle (for

example, cellar).

The

figure 10 sample a example from East kind from a

pyrotechnic arrangement with a deformation sandwich 30 arranged behind. Here, the pyrotechnic layers 31, 33 are arranged at different angles. Explosive sheet Front 31 is the front of the box. The back wall inclined 36 of the box is of different thicknesses. In this

case, the space 32 is empty, to enable a surface speed if possible high for the sheet 33 covered with a thin layer 27. Behind the middle of low or very low density 34 a deformation plate sandwich 35. The space 37 that is found behind is empty or filled with a medium of very low density

Figure 11 shows an example of an arrangement pyrotechnic 38 with an open box at the back 39 arranged placed here directly on the wall 40 of the object to protect. The arrangement 38 has a surface front pyrotechnic continuous 41, while the surface Internal pyrotechnics is divided into two components 45, 46 which, for example, can be separated by means of a intermediate wall 44. Chambers 42 and 43 and cameras 47 and 48 may be filled with air or media of the same or Different density very low.

In a preferred embodiment, the layers composed of explosive and inert materials are introduced in bags prefabricated container or box, so you can get an adaptation to the vehicle to protect, simple and properly sized for the manufacture of the reactive protection It is also possible, simply, a replacement of components, for example the replacement of pyrotechnic modules for inert modules. Similarly, multiple partial surfaces can be combined to Obtain a protective surface.

Depending on the material, the box can be manufactured

by vulcanization, molding, gluing, stamping or

machining by chip removal. They are also feasible other combinations of manufacturing procedures mentioned. In addition, the box can include or be, by itself

same

a preblindaje. The box can contain one or plus

spaces

gaps of the same or different size, in the be

insert,

plug in, mold or compress the materials

inert

Y explosives from the structure from protection

pyrotechnics.

He thickness from wall may be uniform or

Present different thicknesses. The latter is advantageous. when the box is part of an active layer as protection or represents in itself an active inert tamponade as protection. The boxes can be designed so that they can be assembled to form a solid contour or flexible. Said arrangement of the structure prevents start of protection modules in the event of collisions with obstacles or / and bombing. Individual segments of said wall can be run, separated or rolled up, to access areas of the vehicle located behind. The Wall segments can be removed or added by Medium of few maneuvers.

In an appropriate embodiment the housing is designed so that it overlaps in the marginal areas with boxes adjacent. This ensures that there is sufficient material clogging, even in the case of impacts in the marginal zone

or directly over the edge. It is convenient, particularly if the wall of the box in the box area adjacent presents a wall thickness that prevents Reliable way sympathetic detonations of the layers of

explosive of adjacent modules, when a impact on the module outside the overlapping zone.

The fasteners may be vulcanized, molded, glued or suspended to / in the box. Preferably, the fixing elements are composed of a material that does not form fragments, which has a high resistance so that after a detonation of modules Adjacent modules not detonated remain in the vehicle. The fixings can be reinforced by high strength fibers or polymer or steel inserts.

Box walls must be designed flexibly for submissions (fire, radiant heat) of time dragged on. In the case of lasting periods of submissions, the maximum internal pressure can be limited by means of constructive measures on the box, so that an insensitive explosive can burn without reacting in detonating form.

One or more cameras may be arranged in the box separated from each other by explosive layers, the respective matrix material and box material, in each case alone or in combination. These cameras can be stuffed with non-disintegrating substances, not forming active fragments such as gases, substances solids, liquids, gels, crystals, fibers or materials a bulk. The spaces in the box can be used as containers for fuels, liquids or also as storage space for, for example, objects of the equipment. These hollow spaces of the box also they can be subjected to the effect of gas pressure or

liquids, to move the reactive protection referred to hollow loads according to the invention from the transport position, space saving, to position defensive.

The boxes can be arranged to form columns interconnected that, single or multiple, can be rolled or folded to perform the work of vehicle maintenance The boxes or parts of boxes they can also be designed to, at the same time, serve Packaging of the explosive for storage, transfer in the vehicle or transport in accordance with the GGVS (regulations for hazardous materials). To avoid a critical internal pressure for the reaction of the explosive, the box can also contain defined membranes or valves overpressure to limit internal pressure. The material of the box and the box shape must be optimized to a decontamination

The description and explanation and the advantages basic of the pyrotechnic protection device and the protective surface according to the invention it can be deduced that they not only have values of technical production that so far not only were not reached or approximately, but they can also be designed within very wide limits.

These values extend in armored vehicles from omnidirectional protection, even mobile skirts or fixed, up to the roof protection. In the same way, it is feasible to protect floor surfaces in relation to corresponding threats. In addition, the surfaces of

pyrotechnic protection also represent a protection highly efficient container or buildings.

While the present invention was described widely through different possibilities of configuration, the subject matter expert understands that in they can also make multiple changes and modifications, without abandoning the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

one.

 Reactive protection device for an object a protect, without formation of relevant fragments in terms ballistic effects in both functional directions, comprising two pyrotechnic layers (2, 3) inclined in the zone of action of the threat with respect to the threat and arranged on both sides of an intermediate layer (4) of any conformation, rigid or flexible, of one or more layers, characterized in that the intermediate layer (4) serves as support for both pyrotechnic layers (2, 3), so that after the initiation of both pyrotechnic layers (2, 3) shock waves and reaction gases are formed that are accelerated under an angle both towards and against the direction of the piercing threat (1), in a way that the pyrotechnic protection surface formed of both pyrotechnic layers and the intermediate layer is found during almost the entire period of action in dynamic equilibrium; because the intermediate layer (4) is formed in a thickness sheet and pyrotechnic protection surface formed of both pyrotechnic layers (2, 3) and the intermediate layer (4) it has a weight in relation to the surface area less than 90 kg / m2

2.

 Reactive protection device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the layers pyrotechnics (2, 3) has a free surface or is plugged on one or both sides (13, 13A, 14, 14A).

3.

 Reactive protection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two or more layers pyrotechnics (2, 3) are arranged parallel or in a angle to each other on the object to be protected.

Four.

 Reactive protection device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of pyrotechnic protection formed by two or more layers pyrotechnics (2, 3) and the intermediate layer (4) is arranged in a box (28).

5.

 Reactive protection device according to claim 4, wherein in the box are arranged a

or more cameras (42, 43, 47, 48) separated from each other, empty or filled with fillers such as gases, solid, liquids, gels, crystals, fibers or materials a bulk. 6. Reactive protection device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pyrotechnic layer (3) on the objective side is directly supported or distance by a deformation device (22; 35).

7.

 Reactive protection device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the pyrotechnic layers (17) is arranged between two layers (19, 20) that support it.

8.

 Reactive protection device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layer

(4) is composed of a reactive substance chemically / pyrotechnically. 9. Active shielding for an object to be protected, in which a pyrotechnic protection surface of a device reactive protection, consisting of two or more layers pyrotechnics (2, 3) and the intermediate layer (4), is integrated according to one of the preceding claims.