RU2239771C1 - Device for protection against after-effects of explosions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: means of protection of people, various objects, structures and equipment.

SUBSTANCE: the device represents one or a combination of protective sections each having four protective segments interconnected with the aid of vertical rod hinge joints, two protective segments of each section are provided with handles located on their back surface. Each protective segment has a C-shaped section and comprises a supporting base and front and rear layers of elastic material located at a preset distance from each other, positioned in each layer is one or two metal gauzes located with a clearance relative to each other, they are made of round-section wire with cells of definite dimensions, the cells of the metal gauzes are uniformly shifted relative one another. The front and rear layers of elastic material are interconnected around the edges of each segment, and the cavity between them is filled with hardened foam material. The device composed of one section may be provided with a sliding bottom.

EFFECT: simplified construction, inconsiderable mass and cost of manufacture.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means for protecting people, various objects and structures, as well as a specific area or zone, and is intended to protect against a detected explosive device, namely from a blast wave, fragments, or other fast-flying solid bodies - damaging elements that fly apart when an explosive device explodes; in this case, one, two or a combination of several sections of the device installed in one or another necessary configuration can be used as protective screens to block the danger zone around the lying - killed or wounded terrorist with a “suicide belt” or other explosive device, and can also be used as protective shields for protection against small arms of various calibers of police officers, internal troops and civilians in various situations.

There are various types of wire and network protective barriers attached to the supporting structures, but they are ineffective for protection against bullets and fast-flying solid bodies.

Various protective structures are known [1, 2, 3, etc.], the principle of which is based on the absorption of the damaging elements, as well as on the directional change in the trajectory of the bullet, due to the shape and predetermined location, as well as the given possibility of the displacement of the protective elements when exposed to the bullet. These designs provide a fairly high level of security, but have significant weight, manufacturing complexity and limited application possibilities.

Protective structures are known [4, 5, etc.], including protective segments that are connected to each other by means of ramrod swivel joints; however, they are ineffective in protecting against the consequences of an explosion of a detected explosive device.

There are known designs of various special containers for localizing and suppressing explosion energy, and, in particular, Fontan portable containers of various modifications of the St. Petersburg Scientific and Production Special Materials, which are designed to protect against a charge of a certain power, but having small dimensions.

The closest - in terms of features - analogue is the collapsible design of the "Protective fence" [6], which includes protective elements made in the form of separate longitudinal sections, each of which contains the outer and back layers of elastic material located at a given distance each from each other, with metal grids enclosed in them, made of round wire with square cells, moreover, the cells of the metal grids of the outer and back layers are uniformly offset from each other relative to each other, and the length of the side of each cell has a certain value - no more than one and a half diameters of a bullet of small arms of a minimum caliber, while the outer and back layers of elastic-elastic material along the perimeter of the section are interconnected, and the inner cavity of the section is filled with cured foam; in addition, an additional metal mesh can be placed in the outer or outer and back layers of the elastic material, located with a gap relative to the main metal mesh, and the cells of the main and additional metal mesh are uniformly offset from each other.

This collapsible design provides a high level of security, is characterized by ease of manufacture and installation at the place of use, as well as minimal mass characteristics, but due to the significant dimensions of the individual sections and the need to mount and fasten them to supports and ground, it is unsuitable for emergency use as a means protection against the consequences of an explosion of an explosive device.

The task to which the proposed design is aimed is to ensure the protection of people, various objects, structures and equipment, as well as a certain area or zone from the blast wave, of damaging elements and solid particles of the soil, flying apart during the explosion of the explosive device.

The technical result achieved is that it is possible to protect against a small separate explosive device by using one protective section installed in a closed or open configuration and placed in a certain way, it is possible to block the danger zone around a dead or wounded terrorist lying on the ground with a “suicide bomb belt” ”Or another explosive device or around an explosive device located on a bench, for example, in a park, for which, as protective screens can be used two or more sections of the device, each installed in one or another necessary configuration, while it is possible to carry and remove a separate explosive device inside this installed device for protection, and additional movement of the explosive device inside the device for protection is not required.

These technical results are achieved in that the device for protection against the effects of an explosion, comprising vertically located protective segments, each containing front and back layers of elastic material, located at a predetermined distance from each other, in each of which there is one or two layers with a gap of one relative to another metal mesh made of round wire with square cells, moreover, the mesh cells have certain predetermined sizes and uniformly shifted vertically and horizontally relative to each other, while the front and back layers of elastic-elastic material along the perimeter of the segment are interconnected by U-shaped elements made of elastic-elastic material, and the cavity between the front and back layers of elastic-elastic material filled with cured foam bonded with them, made as follows: each protective segment is equipped with a rigid and massive support base, including a U-shaped element, covering the lower a section of the protective segment and connected to it, a support plate protruding outward relative to the back surface of the protective segment and made of steel of a certain thickness, the protective segments are combined into sections and each section is made of four protective segments that are connected to each other by means of vertical rod joints moreover, ramrod swivel joints located on the free ends of the extreme protective segments of each section are made detachable, each protective segment has t C-shaped cross section (i.e. made with a given single curvature) with a concave front surface and is equipped with horizontal frame elements located in the foam volume and attached by plates to the ramrod swivel joints, at least two protective segments of each section are equipped with handles located on the back surface, in addition, the device to protect against the consequences of an explosion, as part of one section, it can be equipped with a flexible sliding bottom made in the form of a thin plate equipped with a front pointed and rear end sections bent upward and passed through inclined slots made in two opposite bases of the protective segments located respectively opposite each other, which are provided with guides protruding outward relative to the front surface and latches passed through openings in the bottom and interacting with vertical channels coaxial with them, made in the support base of one of the protective segments.

The essence of the proposed design is illustrated by drawings, where Figures 1 and 2 respectively show a top view (two configuration options) and a section of one closed section of a device for protection against the effects of an explosion of a separate small explosive device, and the directions of expansion of the striking elements are conventionally shown by arrows; figure 3 presents a top view of another embodiment of the implementation and application of this device when a combination of three or more protective sections, each installed in a different configuration, shields a certain area, inside which, for example, is the body of a dead or wounded terrorist lying on the ground with an explosive a device or a suspicious large-sized item in which an explosive device may be located; figure 4 shows (top view) an embodiment of a device for protection similar to the device shown in figure 1, but equipped with a movable bottom, and figure 5 presents an enlarged image of the lower sections of the opposite protective segments of the device for protection, equipped with a movable bottom and shown in figure 4, respectively, and the direction of the bottom of the insertion into the device is conventionally shown by an arrow.

The design of the device for protection against the consequences of the explosion of a separate explosive device, for example a grenade, includes one - respectively closed or open - protective section, but in some applications it is possible and advisable to use a combination of two, three or more identical protective sections, each installed in one or another necessary configuration and attached to each other or adjacent to each other.

The device for protection against the consequences of an explosion (see Figs. 1 and 2) is initially open in the initial state for use, which ensures minimum dimensions during storage and transportation, a protective section that includes four identical protective segments 1 having each C-shaped cross section and equipped with a massive support base 2, made in one piece with a U-shaped element, covering the lower portion of the protective segment and connected to it, and significantly protruding outward relative to the rear hydrochloric surface segment of the steel base plate thickness, which in the aggregate, to some extent increases the resistance of each segment and the section of the protective device in general. In a particular embodiment of this device (see Figs. 4 and 5), the support bases 2 of two protective segments 1, but not adjacent protective segments 1 of this protective section, which are arranged opposite the each other when the device is installed, are made with inclined slots 3 and guide plates 4, facing outward relative to the front surface of these protective segments 1. It is in these slots 3 of the support bases 2 of the two protective segments 1 of this device, respectively located opposite each other, that push the tone some flexible bottom 5 in the form of a plate, the front end of which is made pointed, and the rear end is provided with an end face curved upwards, and after full movement, the position of the bottom 5 relative to the device section is fixed by latches 6, passed through the corresponding holes in the bottom 5 and interacting with their coaxial vertical channels made in the support base 2 of one of these protective segments 1.

Each protective segment 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) includes frontal 7 and back 8 layers of elastic-elastic material, which are located at a certain distance from each other and are connected along the perimeter by U-shaped connecting elements 9 made of elastic elastic material. Depending on the specified degree of protection, one or two metal nets 10 made of round wire with square cells are enclosed in the front 7 and back 8 layers of elastic-elastic material, and the cells of metal nets 10 have a certain predetermined length and are uniformly shifted vertically and horizontally relative to each other; and in the case when in each layer 7 and 8 of an elastic-elastic material two metal grids 10 are enclosed, the latter are respectively located (see FIGS. 2 and 5) with a gap relative to each other and the data cells of the metal grids 10 are also uniformly displaced along vertically and horizontally relative to each other. The dimensions of the square cell of the metal grids 10 located in the aforementioned manner are determined from the condition of counteracting fragments, balls, screws and other damaging elements of explosive devices. Given the diameter of the wire of the metal mesh, equal to 1.5-1.8 mm or a little more (based on the fact that the grenade fragments have sharp edges), the length of the side of the square of each cell, measured respectively between the side edges of the wire of the opposite sides of the cells, is as in the design of the prototype, not more than one and a half diameters of the bullet of the minimum caliber, i.e. is approximately 8-9 mm.

The design of each protective segment 1 (see FIGS. 2 and 5) is also equipped with horizontal elements of the frame 11 located in the inner volume, respectively, between the front 7 and back 8 layers of elastic-elastic material and uniformly located along the height of the protective segment.

As part of each protective section of this device, initially open in the initial state for use (which ensures minimum dimensions during storage and transportation), four protective segments 1 are connected to each other by means of vertical ramrod joints 12 (Figs. 1, 3 and type III) , but the ramrod swivel joints 13 located on the free ends of the extreme protective segments 1 of each section are detachable (see Figs. 1, 3 and type IV), i.e. have a removable longitudinal axis, made in one piece with the handle, which is bent perpendicular to the axis. This constructive implementation provides, if necessary, the possibility of connecting several protective sections between these detachable swivel joints 13 (see Fig. 3) into a single barrier of the required length and configuration, as well as connecting into a closed loop (or around the perimeter) as a whole (see figures 1 and 4) one protective section of the device.

The design of each protective segment 1 (see figures 1, 3, 4) also includes (in full accordance with the design of the prototype) at least one fitting 14 with a plug installed, for example, in the upper U-shaped connecting element 9, and the cavity between the front 7 and back 8 layers of elastic material, interconnected around the perimeter of the segment with U-shaped connecting elements 9, filled with cured foam 15, which is bonded to the inner surfaces of the cavity, including the front and back layers of elastic rugogo material upon curing. In addition, to ensure the possibility of carrying over distances and installing in place, each protective section of the device is equipped with handles 16, which are located on the back surface of two, but not adjacent, protective segments 1 and are attached to them.

The manufacture of each protective segment 1 and sections of this device for protection against the effects of the explosion as a whole is very simple and is performed by conventional known methods. The support bases are, for example, prefabricated from separate support plates respectively curved with the necessary curvature and facing upward plates of U-shaped profiles, connected to each other by detachable or integral connections, for example, by welding, and the frame elements, the bottom in the form of a plate with a front pointed and rear bent upward end sections and ramrod swivel joints [7] are performed by conventional known methods. The front and back layers of elastic-elastic material, with one or two metal grids enclosed in them and arranged appropriately, made of a wire of a certain diameter with cells of a given size, are made individually by conventional methods individually in a mold. Also, by the usual methods, from the elastic-elastic material, but of low elasticity, the upper, lower, and lateral U-shaped connecting elements are made, which can include a cord braid, and in one of which, for example, the upper, the fittings with plugs are installed and connected using conventional methods; it should be noted that the lateral U-shaped connecting elements are performed (see Fig. 3, type III, IV) with slots through which horizontal frame elements are passed during assembly and recesses in which the connecting plates of these frame elements are placed. Then, by conventional methods known, for example, flashing and subsequent gluing (also in the mold), the upper, lateral and lower U-shaped connecting elements are attached to the front and back layers, and then through the nozzle, the inner cavity of the protective segment is filled with a foam composition, for example, foam epoxide or fiberglass at a given pressure. After this, the following occurs: first, the composition of the foamed foam completely and evenly fills the inner cavity of the segment, and then gradually cures, while the volume of the foam is glued to all the inner surfaces of the layers and elements of the segment, which turns into a rigid unit having a C-shaped cross section of a given curvature i.e. hard cylindrical protective segment. After that, the finished cylindrical protective segment is installed in the upward U-shaped profile of the support base and attached to each other using detachable or integral connections (see Figs. 2 and 5, which show the axial lines of these connections), and last assembly of protective sections - attach protective segments to each other using the corresponding conventional one-piece and detachable (different from the first ones in that they have a removable longitudinal axis of the connection) ramrod swivel joints [7], pr and connected in turn with screw connections to the horizontal elements of the frame and the supporting bases of each protective segment of this section. The use of ramrod swivel joints [7] is due to the considerations that these joints guarantee the absence of gaps through which a fragment or another element of a striking element can fly. After that, the manufacture and assembly of a section of the device for protection against the consequences of an explosion, including four protective segments and having, for example, the following overall dimensions: the minimum height is 1.0-1.2 meters or more, and the length is 1.2-1.8 meters, finished and the device, including one or more protective sections, is ready for use.

Installation and installation of the protective section of this device at the place of use is as follows. In the case when the detected explosive device or suspicious object is relatively small, a device for protection is used as part of one section, and in other cases, for example, when the explosive device is on the body or in the hands of a (killed or wounded) terrorist lying on the ground , is on a bench or when a suspicious object, for example, a suitcase or box has dimensions that exceed the internal dimensions of one protective section, it is necessary to use this device for protection as part of two or more sections.

In the first case, it is most appropriate to use the protective section in a symmetrical closed configuration (see figure 1, view a) or in an asymmetric closed configuration, for example, when installed in a narrow passage, in a corner or near a wall (see figure 1, view b ), but if necessary, it is possible to install one protective section in an open configuration, for example, in a semicircle, in a straight (wavy) line or at the required angle (see Fig. 3, respectively, its left, central or right parts), for example, near the wall of a building . First, the protective section, which is open in the initial state, is mounted: the segments are turned relative to each other and the sections are configured as necessary, and then the longitudinal axis is lifted up by the handle (see FIG. 3, view IV) from the detachable rod-type swivel joint 13, two are combined with each other halves of this ramrod swivel connected respectively to the extreme protective segments of this section, after which the longitudinal axis of the detachable ramrod swivel is reinserted from above I and then the protective section having a closed configuration, is integrally closed and ready for installation. The detachable ramrod swivel joint 13 is a “lock” or connection unit for each protective section of a closed configuration and at the same time is a “lock” or connection unit of two or more sections to each other.

Next, two police officers or special services lift the section of this device by the handles 16, transfer it to the explosive device and lower it to the ground so that the explosive device is inside (see Fig. 1) of the protective section. In the case of using the proposed device as part of one or a combination of several protective sections (see Fig. 3) in an open configuration, each of them is separately brought to the place of use, installed near and around the detected explosive device or suspicious object, each of them is given the necessary configuration, and also connect as far as possible the outermost protective segments of these sections to each other via detachable ramrod swivel joints as described above.

In the event of an explosion of an explosive device inside the protective section, the following occurs. The blast wave strikes the frontal surfaces of the protective segments and, reflected from them, rushes along the path of least resistance - vertically upwards and, ultimately, is extinguished in space. At the same time, the striking elements of the explosive device and solid particles of the soil, flying in the radial direction (see Figs. 1 and 2, where the directions of expansion are conventionally shown by arrows), mainly hit the front surfaces of the protective segments, and a small part of them, due to the height of the protective sections and the perimeter of this device for protection, flies up, gradually losing its kinetic energy, after the exhaustion of which simply falls down under the action of gravity. The striking elements of the explosive device, striking the front surfaces of the segments of the device for protection, pierce the front layer of elastic material and, depending on their type, either freely pass through the cell of the metal mesh, or ricochet from the external metal mesh in one direction or another, or if it’s fragments of a grenade, they can even kill her. Next, the damaging elements penetrate the residual thickness of the frontal layer of the elastic material and, falling into the volume of the cured foam with a given stiffness, destroy it, respectively, losing its kinetic energy. Depending on the initial value of the kinetic energy, the striking elements of the explosive device pierce this or that thickness of the volume of the cured foam and, ultimately, get stuck in it; but with a significant amount of explosion energy, the damaging elements can penetrate into the back layer of the elastic material, in which case they will also ricochet from the metal mesh enclosed in it. In the case of application in the protective segments of the device (in full accordance with the design of the prototype) of double metal grids located in the front and back layers of elastic-elastic material with a gap relative to each other, whose cells are uniformly displaced vertically and horizontally relative to each other, damaging elements in most cases, they will additionally ricochet from them, which to some extent will increase the efficiency of the device for protection.

There is a possibility that the protective section of the device can be overturned by the blast wave in the case when it has an open configuration and is installed near the explosive device in a semicircle, at an angle or in a straight (wavy) line, but even in this case, the protective section of this device having a massive support base, which at the same time possesses a significant amount of the area of the support surface, during its fall will have time to absorb the flying striking elements of the explosive device, except those Xia vertically upwards.

Thus, we can conclude that this device for protection against the effects of an explosion, firstly, localizes the effect of the blast wave in the event of the explosion of an explosive device and directs its effect in only one safe, except for enclosed, vertical upward direction to the atmosphere, where it is subsequently extinguished in space, and, secondly, it absorbs the damaging elements of the explosive device, scattering in the radial direction, with the exception of a small number of elements that are directed vertically upwards and which no longer pose a threat to others.

It should be emphasized that the section or set of sections of the proposed device for protection, having the above or slightly different sizes, can also be used as individual protective screens (or protective barriers) deployed within the city or on the ground, having any given configuration and providing protection from small arms of various calibers, fragments of grenades and solid particles of soil.

It should be noted that there is a second embodiment of the device for protection against the consequences of the explosion, allowing the removal or removal of the explosive device to a safe place, and additional movement of the explosive device inside this device is not required for protection. In this case (see Figs. 4 and 5), the design of one section of the device is additionally equipped with a flexible sliding bottom 5, made in the form of a plate, equipped with front pointed and rear end sections bent upwards, and passed through inclined slots 3, made in two located respectively opposite to each other, the supporting bases 2 of the protective segments 1, which are equipped with guides 4 protruding outward relative to the front surface and clamps 6, passed through holes in the bottom 5 and interacting with coaxial vertical channels made in the support base 2 of one of the protective segments.

Installation and installation at the place of use of this embodiment of the device for protection is carried out as described above, but with the exception that before installation the flexible bottom is completely removed 5. After installing this embodiment of the device for protection around the explosive device (see Figs. 4 and 5, where the direction of movement of the bottom is conventionally shown by the arrow) in one of the slots 3 in the supporting base 2 of the protective segment insert a flexible bottom 5 and gradually slide it into the device for protection, and the employee performing this operation s or on his knees, is under the protection of the device. Since the slot 3 is made inclined and the support base 2 is provided with a guide plate 4, the flexible bottom 5 (when it is moved in) is pressed against the surface of the earth. As you move inside the device for protection, the flexible bottom 5 either penetrates with its front pointed end under the explosive device, or shifts the latter (see Fig. 4, where the initial position of the explosive device is conventionally shown by a dotted line) to the opposite protective segment 1 and after the explosive the device rests against the guide plate 4 of the opposite protective segment 1, penetrates under it; then the flexible bottom 5 with its front end falls under the guide plate 4 of the opposite protective segment 1, which can, in particular, be equipped (see Fig. 5) with an additional section bent upwards, and as it moves further, it enters the slot 3 of the supporting base 2 of the opposite protective segment 1 and, passing through it, goes outside. After that, the bottom 5 is fixed in the device for protection, for which they use clamps 6, which are inserted through the corresponding holes in the bottom (see Fig. 5) into their vertical channels aligned with the support base of this protective segment.

After performing these operations, two police officers or special services can, taking the handles, take this device for protection with the explosive device inside it to a safe place or put it in a truck for export to a safe place.

Thus, we can conclude that, while maintaining the main structural features, functionality and advantages of the prototype, the proposed device for protection is characterized by significantly expanded functionality and, in addition to protection from bullets of various calibers, provides protection against blast waves, damaging elements and solid particles soil in the event of an explosion of a detected explosive device, as well as the possibility of removal and removal of an explosive device to a safe place. In some situations, a separate protective section or a combination of a number of protective sections can be used as protective shields or a protective fence of a given length and configuration, providing protection against small arms bullets of various calibers and penetrating a certain territory, and due to the new design of the support bases of the protective section segments additional support and ground support may not be necessary in most cases, and in other situations a separate protective The section or combination of a number of protective sections can be used as a device for protection against the effects of an explosion of a detected explosive device or a suspicious object. And in this case, the proposed device also provides the possibility of using one or a combination of several protective sections in different, necessary on the basis of specific conditions of use, configuration and length, and provides the ability to block different in size and area of a certain area around the detected explosive device or suspicious object. Compared with the known analogues, the proposed device for protection is characterized by simplicity of design and ease of manufacture, low weight and cost of manufacture, as well as the speed and simplicity of installation and installation on site.

Literature

1. RF patent No. 2116607. “Bulletproof flexible design”, dated 4.12.1995, F 41 H 1/02.

2. RF patent No. 2139486. “Hinged protective coating - a barrier”, from 09.15.1998, F 41 H 5/00.

3. US patent No. 5517894. “Mat for protection against the effects of the explosion”, from 7. 06. 1995, F 41 H 5/04.

4. RF patent No. 2122701. “Self-expanding shield”, dated September 17, 1997, F 41 Н 5/08.

5. RF patent No. 2195625. “Self-expanding shield”, dated 13.06.2001, F 41 H 5/08.

6. RF patent No. 2211434. “Protective fence”, dated June 17, 2002, F 41 H 5/04, F 41 H 11/08.

7. Voight E.S. and others. "Design of aircraft structures." - M., Mechanical Engineering, 1987, pp. 68-69.

Claims (2)

1. A device for protection against the effects of an explosion, comprising at least four vertically located protective segments, each containing a front and back layers of elastic material located at a predetermined distance from each other, each of which encloses one or two, one with a gap of one relative to another, metal grids made of round wire with square cells, moreover, the cells of the metal grids have certain predetermined sizes and are uniformly shifted vertically ali and horizontally relative to each other, while the front and back layers of elastic-elastic material along the perimeter of the segment are interconnected by U-shaped elements made of elastic-elastic material, and the cavity between the front and back layers of the elastic-elastic material is filled with cured foam, characterized in that each protective segment is equipped with a rigid and massive support base, including a U-shaped element, covering the lower portion of the protective segment and the connection A support plate protruding outward relative to the back surface of the protective segment and made of steel of a certain thickness, the protective segments are combined into sections and each section is made of four protective segments that are connected to each other by means of vertical rod-shaped joints, and rod-shaped joints located on the free ends of the extreme protective segments of each section are made detachable, each protective segment has a C-shaped cross section and sleep It is equipped with horizontal carcass elements located in the foam volume and attached to the plates of the ramrod swivel joints, at least two protective segments of each section are equipped with handles located on the back surface. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a flexible sliding bottom, made in the form of a plate with a bent rear end section and passed through inclined slots made in two, located respectively opposite each other, the supporting bases of the protective segments, which are equipped guides and retainers protruding outward relative to the frontal surface, passed through holes in the bottom and interacting with vertical channels coaxial with them, made in the support base of one of the tnyh segments.

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