RU2327898C1 - Power plant with active magnus effect-based wind treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: power plant is provided with a wind wheel with a horizontal shaft, radial blades made as rotors, streamline housing made up of a rotary and a fixed part, rotor drives, motor to drive rotors and generator. The said plant incorporates also an aerodynamic ring, either its parts, connected along the circumference with duralumin pipes with built-in vibration killers, a streamline nose cone that may be made integral with the streamline housing rotary part, the length of the said streamline nose cone making at least 1/3 of the said rotary part, wind direction and force pickups arranged on the plant front, a plant balancing chamber arranged in the streamline housing rear part. The number of rotors makes some 2 to 6, the drives are provided with a bevel reduction gear, while the fixed part of the said housing makes at least 2/3 of the entire housing length. The rotor drive motor can additionally contain or be made with a built-in planetary reduction gear. The power plant can additionally have profiled tension members arranged between the rotors ends and incorporate a device to absorb possible vibration caused by tension members.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability in operation.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Application area

The invention relates to wind energy, and in particular to the construction of wind power plants with a horizontal axis of rotation using the Magnus effect.

State of the art

Known wind turbines with a horizontal axis of rotation with radial blades in the form of forcibly rotated cylinders (Magnus rotors // Pat. USSR 10198, F03D 7/02, 1927; Pat. US 4366386, F03B 5/00, F30D 7/06, 1982; application of Germany 3246694, F03D 5/00, 1984; ac 1677366, F03D 1/02, USSR, 1991, etc.). The main disadvantages of these wind turbines are quite complex drives for rotating the cylinders, which makes manufacturing more expensive and reduces the reliability of the installation, as well as the impossibility of their practical use in the aquatic environment during and in the portable form.

A device is known according to patent GB 248471 dated 05/05/1924. The disadvantage of this device should be considered the lack of indications of the type of rotor drive from the motor, which is made by low-efficiency worm gear transmission of torque through a hollow bulky frame to a bevel gear. This principle of rotor drive leads to a backward reaction of the wind wheel, which will tend for some time, especially at the initial stage of promotion, to follow the main shaft of the installation. The same force will be constantly present as a harmful, taking away part of the promotion energy for oneself. However, the device does not indicate the principles of torque selection.

A device is known according to patent DE 3800070 A1 dated 07/13/1989. The disadvantage of this type of installation, working on the principle of spinning the rotors from the built-in spiral accelerator, the flow of which is released through the exhaust windows at the ends of the cylinders, should be considered the fact that the power of the installation of this type will be quite low, because the promotion of rotors from wind energy is ineffective.

A device is known according to the patent UA 63018 C2 from 01/15/2004. The disadvantage is that for the promotion of industrial-type wind wheel rotors, when it is necessary to achieve high torque, this device is not effective, because, firstly, the bulkiness of such structures automatically increases with an increase in the size of the wind turbine, and secondly, harmful windage occurs , which is unacceptable in squally winds. Such installations in hurricane winds become a huge sail and their design may not withstand the air pressure. In addition, a significant complication of the design will lead to an increase in material consumption and the price of the entire installation. The more details in the design, the greater its complexity and probability of failure. Installations of this type are suitable only as low-power wind generators.

A device is known according to patent DE 3501807 A1 dated 07.24.1986. The disadvantage of this type of device is that the very method of spinning the rotors in terms of performance is in great doubt, because There are some contradictions in the use of the Magnus effect in this design.

A device is known according to patent AU 573400. A disadvantage of this type of device should be considered that the rotor spin drive drives the installation itself. The installation has no power elements that prevent vibration of the rotors. Some options for the promotion of rotors are presented, but a specific scheme is not proposed. A close analogue should include the device according to patent US 4366386 from 12.28.1982. The disadvantage of this type of device is the maximum complexity of the design using a huge number of differentials and gear systems. In the claimed invention, this moment is circumvented by one simple solution: the electric rotor drive is installed directly on the gearbox of the rotors themselves, transmitting torque as quickly as possible and without loss of energy.

The disadvantages of all the aforementioned analogs include the fact that none of the authors of these patents expressed the main theoretical essence of the Magnus effect, namely, that a very inconspicuous detail is hidden in its principle: the relationship (according to Bernoulli's law) between static and dynamic pressures rotor surfaces. Using the dynamic pressure (ρv ^2/2) in the claimed invention occurs change control "shell" - air pressure on the rotor, i.e. the static structure.

As one of the problems of all types of wind turbines, the voltage stability at the generator output is very dependent on the gusts of the incoming flow. It must be brought to a minimum of 80% stabilization. In known analogues, this problem is not described at all. In the inventive installation, the principle of combining mechanical and electronic stabilization (let's call it the "centrifugal-electronic method") is applied, the use of which allows you to control and prevent the undesirable increase or decrease in voltage at the output of the generator.

Technical result

The claimed invention eliminated several significant drawbacks inherent in analogues: the harmful reaction forces were eliminated during the spinning of the rotors by combining the electric drive of the spinning of the rotors directly with the gear of the rotors themselves and, most importantly, the optimal shape of the surface of the rotors, increasing the Magnus effect several times (see attached circuit). Practice has shown that slow-rotation wind wheels that will be loaded as much as possible through the gearbox will have the highest efficiency. That is, the energy of the oncoming flow will be used most fully. Each rotor of a wind turbine of this type is exposed to force in two directions: transverse, due to the action of the air flow, and longitudinal, due to the moment that the rotor itself creates during the spin-up process. In the claimed design, these moments are balanced by the introduction of longitudinal-transverse reinforcement, expressed in the installation of the aerodynamic ring and longitudinal stretch marks associated with the ends of the rotors. In this form, the rotors are in a closed circuit loads, which eliminates their breakage or harmful vibration.

The advantages of the claimed device should also include the fact that the "blade" in the form of a rotating (complex shape) cylinder, and there can be up to 6 products, in the sum of the torque itself can reach enormous value, and therefore lead (in our case) electric generators of industrial capacities. Another positive quality is a high degree of voltage stabilization with anticipation of gusts of wind, as well as the ability of sufficient energy transfer even with very weak winds, which is achieved by changing the rotational speed of the rotor cylinders themselves. Theoretical research and natural (practical) tests in the natural environment (up to blowing in a wind tunnel) showed the most rational view of the design of the wind drive (it is also a hydraulic drive).

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the power plant (side and front), where 1 - "rotor-cylinder" (blade) - from 3 pcs. and more, 2 - an electric generator - it is possible to install several products with special connections between them, 3 - an electric generator reducer - one product (possibly similar to a car gearbox), 4 - a conical rotor drive of a closed circuit rotor Mkr (Mkr is mathematical torque ), 5 - the electric motor of the rotor drive and / or with an integrated planetary gearbox, 6 - the fixed part of the fairing - the body of the aggregate compartment (≈2 / 3 of the whole body), 7 - the aerodynamic ring or a ring consisting of parts of its circumference connected to m forward portions duralumin tube with built antivibrator (aerodynamic snubber) 8 - remote sensors the speed and direction of wind, 9 - turntable with executing the installation instruction turning against the wind; current collector assembly and power cabinet for electric power transmission down to the substation, 10 - connecting tubes or profiles with built-in antivibrators, 11 - nose cone of a special shape (can be made integrally with the front (≈1 / 3 of the entire length) part of the rotating fairing), 12 - the carrier (support) mast of the power plant, 13 - camara (zone) balancing installation, 14 - power, telemetry, etc. cabinets, 15 - aerodynamic tips (disks) of the rotors, 16 - profiled extensions installed between the ends of the rotors, 17 - the main power shaft connecting the wind wheel to the generator (through the gearbox), 18 - power frame (platform) of the entire power plant.

The installation also uses (but not shown in the drawing): clutch “reducer - generator”, brake of the main shaft, defroster, elevator and auxiliary platforms for maintenance of the installation (or ladder for power plants of small and medium capacities), mast fasteners on the ground or the bottom of the water surface, the front part of the fairing has a power skeleton, especially when stretch marks are applied (forward and backward, in addition to the aerodynamic ring itself) to each of the rotation rotors, the section between the parts of the fairing body .

Figure 2 shows the principle of formation of air flow during operation of the installation.

Figure 3 shows a conventional trickle explaining the principle of the distribution of air velocity and pressure depending on the inlet and outlet sections of the jet.

Achievement of a result

This result is achieved due to the fact that a power plant with an active method of wind processing based on the Magnus effect, containing a wind wheel with a horizontal shaft, radial blades in the form of rotors, a radome-case from rotating and stationary parts, rotor drives for rotors, rotor drive electric motor and electric generator contains an aerodynamic ring, or its parts connected around the circumference between them by dural tubes with built-in anti-vibrators, a nose cone made of a cone shape, or made integrally with the front rotating part of the fairing-casing, with 4 lengths of at least 1/3 of its length, wind speed and direction sensors placed on the nose of the installation, as well as the balancing chamber of the installation located at the rear of the fairing-housing, moreover, the number of rotors in the power plant is from 2 to 6, the drives are equipped with a bevel gear, and the fixed part of the fairing-body of the aggregate compartment is at least 2/3 of its entire length.

The rotor drive motor may further comprise or be configured with an integrated planetary gearbox.

The power plant may additionally contain profiled stretch marks installed between the ends of the rotors, while the power plant is equipped with a device for absorbing possible vibrations under the influence of stretch marks.

Device essence

The wind turbine (see figure 1) consists of three main parts: the rotor-cylindrical wind wheel itself, the fairing-hull with its power filling and the mast, which also includes auxiliary equipment.

The main element of the power plant is a rotor-cylinder (1) of complex shape. Their number at the installation can be no more than six. The number of rotors is limited by their mutual influence and size and can reach six units.

Each rotor (1) is mounted on the axis of rotation, coming from the gearbox (4) with bevel gears. The fastening of rotors to the axes of rotation, as well as a large proportion of component parts and mechanisms, is not shown in the sketch of the power plant.

The rotor itself (1) is made of composite materials, inside of which a tubular centering axis is passed through two (external and internal) power and several additional frames. At the ends of the rotor axis, threaded connections are mounted with the axes of the gearbox of their drive, which allows you to quickly dismantle or mount the power plant in case of its transportation. In addition, the rotor-cylinders have 2-3 aerodynamic tips (15), which exclude harmful interference with both the fairing-casing of the installation and, together with the third ring (in the region of the center of the rotor), prevent the flow from the cylinder from swirling due to centrifugal forces, arising from the rotation of the entire wind wheel.

At the end of each rotor, a special bearing transition is installed in its axis for attaching the aerodynamic ring (7) or its part with anti-vibrators (spring-rod principle). Rotors-cylinders are driven into rotation (up to several thousand revolutions per minute) by a low-power electric motor (5) built into the fairing through a gearbox (4). The gearbox circuit (4) is based on bevel gears of a closed load cycle with a certain gear ratio. To increase the efficiency of spinning the rotors (1), the electric motor (5) is combined with a planetary gearbox. When the wind flow runs onto the untwisted rotor-cylinders, the rotation of the entire wind wheel occurs due to the Magnus effect.

The general rotation of the wind wheel carries with it the main power shaft (17) attached to the bevel gear of the rotors. The shaft itself (17) is mounted in bearings placed on power struts-brackets, which, in turn, are attached to the main platform of the entire installation. At the same time, the nose of the fairing enters the rotation (approximately 1/3 of the front of the entire housing), and a current-collecting device is made on the bevel gear, which transfers the control voltage to the electric motor from the control automatics. Two control signals are supplied to the automation cabinet (14): cylinder rotation from sensors (8) in terms of wind speed and direction. The predicted position of the sensors is made taking into account the timely change in the cylinder rotation speed, which increases the overall stabilization of the output voltage from the generator. Practice has shown that the inertia of the cylinders themselves is not very high, and this allows you to quickly adjust their rotation in advance, which is much more difficult to perform on classical type wind turbines. Moreover, if you stop the rotation of the cylinders, then the rotation of the entire wind wheel completely stops, which is very important during its periodic maintenance or repair. The rotation of the main shaft (17) is then transmitted to the generator gearbox (3), and from it through the clutch to the generator itself (2). The voltage received from the generator (2) is supplied to the power cabinet (14) (there may be several), from where the stabilized voltage is fed through the second electric pickup further to the consumer. The puller is made in the upper compartment of the mast (12).

The fairing-housing of the power plant contains a balancing chamber (13). The rear part of the fairing (6), about 2/3 of the total length, is fixed rigidly to the power frame (platform 18). With respect to the horizontal shaft (17), this part is stationary, but has a general rotation relative to the side of the incoming flow. According to the control signals from the cabinet (14), the entire installation is oriented strictly against the wind and its rotation is carried out on a rotary platform (9), where a stepping motor is located, the rotational command from which is fed through the crown gear to the wind wheel turning directly against the wind.

The fairing of a special configuration (11) serves to streamline and accelerate the flow near the inner tips of the cylinders. It can also be made in one with the bow of the entire fairing of the installation.

Profiled stretch marks (16) installed between the ends of the rotors, made between the ends of the rotors, serve for powerful wind wheels, when the purpose of the installation is to produce hundreds and thousands of kilowatts. They must be performed with devices for absorbing possible vibrations (anti-vibrators). Sensors (8) for controlling the operation mode of the power plant, i.e., wind speed and direction sensors (by aeronautical analogy).

The main shaft of the installation is attached to the wind wheel gear (here is a current collector). Then it passes through two thrust bearings (of the thrust-radial type) and mates with the generator through a reducer made according to the scheme of a planetary or cylindrical type.

The entire power part (shaft - gearbox - generator - power energy cabinet) is located on a rigid platform, to which a fixed part of the fairing is simultaneously attached.

In the rear part of the fairing is located the balancing compartment of the wind turbine (with the exception, of course, of the supporting mast and mechanisms in it). In addition to the significant capacities described above for power plants, it is planned to install power cabinets for electrical equipment, voltage stabilization, its increase (if necessary), telemetry and data processing of the plant operating modes, as well as control automation and emergency operation of the main components. The base of the installation is mounted on a special rotary device, which will include: a support power bearing (of different designs, depending on the weight of the installation) and its support, a rotary gear ring and its control gear mounted on the shaft of a stepper motor (an intermediate gearbox is possible). The supporting mast of the entire installation, depending on the weight of the power unit and bending moments, can be of different designs, but the tubular conical type will prevail.

An energy installation of a four-cylinder drive with a total diameter (along the outer generatrix) of 1.5 m was carried out as a sample. The cone type cylinders were made using modern "panel" method from modern composite materials, which achieved their high strength and simultaneous lightness, and hence low inertia during their promotion. The mover for promotion is a low-power electric motor, which, consuming no more than 1 percent of the supplied electric power, brings the rotation of the cylinders to several thousand revolutions (if necessary). To prevent a "harmful" reaction, the electric motor is docked through a planetary gearbox with a drive mechanism of the rotor-cylinders themselves, i.e. drives the closed pinion gear of the bevel gear with a certain gear ratio.

The cylinders themselves are made in the form of a planar polyhedron. The shape of the faces, depending on the required torque, can be made in the form of a spherical segment, or a more complex generatrix of the type “oblique saber” or sawtooth, which allows, on the one hand, a rotating cylinder to receive increased braking of the air flow, and hence increased pressure . On the other hand (relative to the axis of the incident flow), an increase in the flow rate, according to the law of conservation of mass, leads the flow itself to transonic speed values, which, in turn, creates a pressure drop that leads to the creation of an area of increased rarefaction of the air, and which, in turn, leads to the natural “retraction” of the wind wheel into the undisturbed flow layer, as well as to its absorption into the rarefaction region of the rotating cylinder.

In this case, the conditional incoming contour of the channel of the jet (boundary) flow expands, and in the relative concept of continuity of a stream of steady stream, the region of the minimum cross section becomes much smaller, which leads to acceleration of the flow to velocities equal to transonic and possibly more.

The pressure difference is already starting (over the differential) to reach values at which the stability (strength) of the material of the manufactured cylinder begins to “float”, i.e. possible accident, breakdown.

To achieve a more efficient treatment of the wind flow, both an aerodynamic ring (for small installations) and a part of its element in the region of the rotation cylinder itself are used, which partially increases the density of the incident flow at the end of the “blade”, and for one it inhibits the convergence of the total mass of the swirl flow along the axis of the cylinder to the periphery (due to centrifugal forces arising from the center of the wind wheel to its periphery). A special cone is made in the bow of the body for supplying the central part of the stream in a compressed (accelerated) form to the butt part of the wind wheel, which increases the MKR from the part. (torque in mathematical form) of cylinders in its initial measurement in terms of span (length).

PRINCIPLE OF INSTALLATION

The principle of operation of a power plant, based on the use of the Magnus effect, is as follows.

When the electric motor (5) is turned on, its rotation is transmitted through the planetary gear to the main bevel gear (4) directly to the drive gear. The pinion gear drives the driven gears with rotor shafts. When the rotation of the rotors occurs, the Magnus effect (figure 2). Fundamentally, the effect itself consists in the fact that when flowing around a rotating cylinder, a pressure difference occurs (if you look at the diagram) above and below the cylinder. This is due to the fact that the incident flow, coinciding with the direction of rotation of the cylinder, is superimposed on the laminar layer of air on the cylinder itself. In this case, the flow rate and the rotation speed of the cylinder are added, that is, the total flow velocity of the cylinder increases. And according to the law of "continuity of the trickle" (the law of conservation of mass), the pressure in the region p1-p2-p3-p8-p9-p10, which is highlighted in the diagram, decreases (see FIGS. 2 and 3). On the reverse side of the cylinder, the picture looks the other way around, i.e. total flow rate drops. But at the same time the pressure rises sharply. As a result of this, a Magnus force arises (let's call it that) directed upwards, i.e. in the area of less pressure. This, in turn, drives the wind wheel.

The torque created by the untwisted cylinder gives a torque an order of magnitude greater than the blade of a conventional screw. Moreover, a change in the shape of the surface of a rotating cylinder gives a several-fold increase in the efficiency of the wind wheel on the Magnus effect.

The rotor length is in square proportion to the diameter of the entire wind wheel. Nevertheless, one can obtain another dependent quantity that affects the total power, which is inherent only in the active method of processing the air flow: the dependence of power not only on the magnitude of the entire wind wheel, but also on the diameter of a single cylinder, as well as on its shape. This is explained as follows (see figure 2).

When the cylinder rotates, viscous air “sticks” to the surface of the cylinder and adjacent layers of air circulate together with the rotating surface of the cylinder.

The farther away the incoming air mass is from the cylinder, the less dependent it is on the rotating cylinder. In this case, the flow begins to acquire an ordered shape around the cylinder, and its velocity characteristics increase, i.e. the speed of the incident flow is added to the speed of the air particles (laminar layer) directly adjacent to the surface of the cylinder. The result is a boundary layer of air (see figure 2).

The air velocity at the bottom of the cylinder is less (here, V _{2 of the} incident flow is subtracted when it is braked by the laminar layer of the cylinder), which means that the pressure rises.

On the reverse side, the flow velocity and the cylinder add up, which means that the speed increases, which leads to a decrease in pressure. Due to the pressure difference, the resulting pressure force on the cylinder arises, which will move towards lower pressure, i.e. (in our case) up.

As a conclusion, it follows that the total torque created by the rotor-cylinder is affected not only by the speed of the incoming flow and the span of the wind wheel, but also by the diameter of a single cylinder. Equally important is its longitudinal shape and sectional shape. An important factor is also the speed of rotation of the cylinder.

With the non-linear shape of the faces, the rotor speed must be not less than the speed of the incoming wind flow, because a flow inhibition effect occurs due to the swirling of the boundary layer in the upper part of the rotor. The rotor speed is automatically adjusted by reading the wind speed sensor (8) (see figure 1).

Claims (3)

1. Power plant with an active method of wind treatment based on the Magnus effect, containing a wind wheel with a horizontal shaft, radial blades in the form of rotors, a radome-case from rotating and stationary parts, rotor drives for rotors, a rotor drive electric motor and an electric generator, characterized in that the installation contains an aerodynamic ring or its parts connected around the circumference between them by duralumin tubes with built-in anti-vibrators, a nose cone made in a cone shape or made th as a whole with the front rotating part of the fairing-casing, with a length of at least 1/3 of its length, speed and wind direction sensors placed on the nose of the installation, as well as the balancing chamber of the installation, located in the rear of the fairing-casing, and the number rotors in a power plant are from 2 to 6, the drives are equipped with a bevel gear, and the fixed part of the fairing-body of the aggregate compartment is at least 2/3 of its entire length. 2. A power plant with an active method of wind processing based on the Magnus effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor drive motor further comprises or is configured with an integrated planetary gearbox. 3. A power plant with an active method of wind processing based on the Magnus effect according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power plant further comprises profiled braces installed between the ends of the rotors, while the power plant is equipped with a device for absorbing possible vibrations under the action of braces.

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