RU2327826C1 - Fishnet high-elasticity knitted fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile, paper.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the knitwear manufacture, particularly to the producing the tubular net of the slur knitted fabric with use of the high-elasticity fibers used in hosiery, linen, technical and medical products. The structure of the high-elasticity knitted fabric contains the row of the slur satin stitches made of the high-elasticity extension-resist fiber consisting of the stitches and fillers of low-elasticity fiber, and the fillers are placed according to the pattern repeat in at least 3 columns alternately to the previous rows of the low extensible fiber. The satin stitch high-elasticity loop module is at least 1.5-2.0 times less than that the loop module of the low extensible fiber. The high-elasticity rows which contain in accordance with the repeat the low module loops with two or more fillers of the low extensible fiber are located at the angle to horizontal at least at 30° and form the outline of the diamond-shaped cell, and the high module loops of the low-elasticity fiber are located inside the cell outline, creating the shape of grid.

EFFECT: invention allows creating the new linen structure with the pronounced surface effect of grid cells which increases expansibility, air permeability and shape-generating properties of knitted fabric.

5 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to knitwear production, in particular to the production of tubular linen of a single knitwear using elastic threads intended for hosiery, seamless underwear, as well as for products of technical and medical purposes.

Known mesh single culinary openwork knitwear [1], consisting of structural cells with holes formed by double loops and a closed outline. Twinning the loops is carried out by transferring them through the needle every two rows from one loop to another (Dalidovich AS, Fundamentals of the theory of knitting. - M.: Light Industry, 1970, p.302, Fig. 160 - analogue).

Its disadvantage is the technological complexity of the development process, associated with the need to use special devices and mechanisms for transferring loops, a decrease in productivity during its generation, and also a reduced structure strength with increased material consumption.

The fine-mesh structure also has a well-known single openwork lace knitwear with holes in each loop series [2], moreover, in some loop rows the loops are transferred to adjacent loop posts to the left, in others to neighboring columns to the right (Shalov I.I., Dalidovich A.S. ., Kudryavin L.A. Knitwear technology. - M.: Legprombytizdat, 1986, p. 18-19, fig. 1.8 - analogue).

The disadvantages of this structure are the difficult technological feasibility of transferring loops to adjacent needles in different directions and a certain uneven structure caused by the versatile tilt of the loops during transfer in different directions.

Various variants of the mesh structure of a single openwork knitwear [3], formed by a different combination and combination of loop transfers and sketches along the rows and columns of the pattern repeat (Gestricke einfach darstellen. Maschen Industrie, No. 3, 2003, s.18-20 - analogue), are also known. .

Their disadvantages also include the great technological complexity of making openwork knitwear associated with the transfer of loops and drafts.

Also known mesh culinary knitwear [4], containing rows of elongated loops of culinary smoothness and alternating rows of double loops consisting of loops and sketches. Nearby located elongated loops of culinary smoothness and double loops in this structure form a polygonal cell shape (RF Patent No. 2221908, D04В 1/00 - analogue).

The disadvantages of this known structure are the limited mesh size of the mesh structure, the uneven deformation and other operational characteristics due to the formation of loops of various lengths in rows, as well as the complexity of the process of obtaining it, due to the need to discharge and transfer sketches from all needles of one outline to needles of another outline.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed one is the culinary single press jersey adopted as a prototype with small mesh holes and a tightened loop [5]. The weave has a rapport in height - four rows, in width - two columns, and contains sketches in each second stitch row through one stitch column, and the rows of smooth have a reduced length of loops (Marisova O.I. Knitted patterned weaves. M .: Easy and food industry, p.140 fig. 11.86, c - prototype).

The disadvantage of mesh knitwear [5] is the small stretch in width and reduced by half the strength due to the large number of press loops with drafts located in every second column.

Another disadvantage of mesh knitwear [5] is the limited small size and shape of the cells.

The advantages of the proposed mesh knitwear are the possibility of obtaining new patterns of fabrics with pronounced mesh cells of various sizes, the contour of which is formed due to the inclination of the looped rows of high-elastic yarn from the horizontal to the horizontal at least at an angle of 30 °, which creates a new textured effect, increases elongation , increases the form-forming properties, makes it possible to expand the scope of this type of knitwear and to use raw materials more economically. The introduction into the structure of this knitwear of elastane (polyurethane) yarns, for example, spandex, lycra or dorlastan, will create a compression effect when used for technical and medical purposes.

The proposed mesh knitwear is produced on single-cylinder hosiery machines or single-loop circular knitting machines of medium diameter, equipped with mechanisms for individual or group selection of needles to ensure the development of a draft with incomplete withdrawal of selected needles.

Mesh culinary knitwear contains an alternation of a number of culinary smoothness from a highly elastic tensile thread and rows of a low elastic low stretch thread, consisting of loops and sketches. The loop loop module in rows of a highly elastic thread is at least 1.5-2.0 times smaller than the loop module of a low tensile thread, which is achieved by using yarn or threads with a higher linear density (thickness). According to the invention, at least two identical rows of loops and drafts of low elastic yarn fall on one row of loops of highly elastic yarn, wherein the drafts are arranged according to the pattern repetition through at least three staggered stitches relative to the previous rows of low stretch yarn. The rows of the smooth surface of the low modulus of high elastic thread, containing loops arranged according to the rapport with two or more sketches of the low tensile thread, are arranged at an angle to the horizontal of at least 30 ° and form the contour of the mesh cell of a rhomboid quadrangular shape, and the loops with a high modulus of low elastic thread They are located inside the cell contour and create a “mesh” appearance. Compared with the prototype, the size of the mesh cell is increased by at least two loop columns and two rows.

In preferred embodiments of the proposed structure of highly elastic mesh knitwear, a number of high-elastic yarn of embroidery smoothie is positioned at an angle to the horizontal α of approximately 45 °, and the mesh-cell contour has a rhombus shape, which is achieved by a certain ratio of the number of sketches q of a low-elastic thread on a loop of high-elastic thread (i.e., the number of rows of low elastic yarn) and the number of loops between drafts n. Without taking into account the height of the row of highly elastic filaments, the thickness of this filament forming the cell contour, but taking into account the slope of the adjacent row of the smooth surface of the highly elastic filament, it is possible to determine:

where h _i = 2q · B _H and b _i = n · A _H - respectively, the size of a single mesh cell in height and width of a low elastic thread;

A _H and B _H loop step and row height of low elastic thread H;

At _H / A, _H = 0.865 in equilibrium and B _H / A _H = 0.5 at maximum tensile width.

From the expression (1) it follows that in order to achieve the rhomboid shape of the mesh cells with the angle of inclination of the highly elastic filament α≈45 ° in the claimed knitwear, the following condition must be observed:

Expression (2) allows us to determine the relationship between the outline q and the mesh loops n for the free state:

and for maximum stretching in width:

Given the fact that the operation of tubular products is accompanied, mainly, by stretching in width or in the transverse direction, the achievement in the inventive knitwear of a diamond-shaped mesh cells with an angle of the contour of the highly elastic thread to 45 ° is ensured, as follows from expressions 3-4 , by the following ratio of the number of sketches q or rows of a low elastic thread to the number of loops between them n in the rapport of the mesh

The proposal does not exclude that the shape of the mesh cell, its size and the angle of inclination of the contour can be changed by using various other quantitative ratios between the number of rows of low-stretch filaments q in the rapport of the cell along the height h _i and the number of loops "N in the rapport of the cell across the width b _i , i.e. using different q / n ratios.

However, the ratio q / n> 1 is technologically unacceptable, because on the one hand, an increase in q in rapport along the height h _{i is} limited by the maximum number of drafts on a loop of a highly elastic thread of not more than 4–5 and a decrease in strength along the length, and on the other hand, when n decreases in b, _I will lead to a decrease in elongation along width. The ratio q / n <0.6 is quite acceptable, but limited, on the one hand, by the minimum number of sketches q = 2 in the rapport of the cell along the height h _i , and on the other hand, by the number of loops n in the rapport of the cell along the width b _i and associated with it the angle of the cell contour, which must be at least 30 ° to maintain the mesh effect. Therefore, the number of loops should be limited to the claimed structure no more than n = 9.

The proposed solution is illustrated in FIGS. 1-5, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram of a knitwear according to the invention (FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a tubular web with a textured effect in the form of mesh cells, FIG. 1b is a diagram of a diamond mesh cell with an angle the inclination of the contour to the horizontal α≈45 °, Fig.1c is a diagram of a mesh cell with an angle of inclination α≈30 °); figure 2 - embodiment of the weave structure with a minimum cell size - mesh width and height (figa - loop structure, fig.2b - graphical recording, figv - matrix form); figure 3 is a preferred variant of the weave structure with the number of loops along the cell width equal to the number of sketches (figa - a loop structure, fig.3b - graphical recording, figv - matrix form); figure 4 - possible options for the structure of the weave (figa - matrix recording of the structure with a thickened contour of the mesh cell, figb - matrix recording of the structure to create a hexagonal shape of the mesh cell, figv - diagram of a mesh cell of a hexagonal shape with a thickened mesh cell outline); 5 is a General view of the mesh knitwear (real structure) according to the invention when using different types of highly elastic and low elastic yarns and for different cell sizes.

According to the invention (figa), the mesh knitwear has a tubular shape, characteristic of hosiery, seamless sports and linen products, as well as forming elements of various technical products and fixing medical dressings, the structure of which consists of mesh cells of different quadrangular shapes and size (figb and 1C) filling the invoice surface on the canvas or product. In the most preferred structures of highly elastic mesh knitwear, observing the ratio of the number of drafts q from the low elastic thread to the number of loops n in the rapport along the mesh width in accordance with expression 5 (q / n = 0.6 ÷ 1), the cell has a diamond shape and the angle of the contour cell to the horizontal α reaches 45 ° (Fig. 1b). For other valid different quantitative ratios (q / n <0.6), the angle of inclination is at least 30 ° (FIG. 1 c).

Mesh high elastic culinary knitwear according to the invention (figa, 2b and 2c) of one of the preferred options with a minimum rapport of weaving in width and height Rb = 4 and Rh = 6, with a minimum number of sketches in the rapport of the cell height h _i (q = 1 ) and the loops in the rapport of the mesh cell along the width b _i (n = 3) contains rows I, IV of the loops of the culinary surface of the small module of highly elastic tensile thread B and alternating rows II-III and V-VI of low elastic thread H, consisting of loops and drafts. In this case, the loops in rows II-III of the low-elastic filament N are formed in columns 2, 3, 4, and then in rows V-VI they are staggered in columns 1, 2 and 4, 5, and the drafts, respectively, in columns 1 , 5, and then are shifted from column 1 to column 3 and further according to rapport. As a result, loops P1 and P2 from a highly extensible thread B with two drafts, respectively H1, H2 and H3, H4 from a low elastic thread H, tighten rows I and IV in columns 1 and 5, just as after a staggered shift of the drafts in rows V and VI loops P3 with sketches H5, H6 will tighten rows IV and VII in column 3. As a result of tightening over loops with sketches P1, P2, P3, loops of the next row of smoothness from highly elastic thread B P4, P5, P6 are directly located, thereby forming the vertices of the cell thrombus. The inclined sections of the rows of high-elastic yarn are located at an angle to the horizontal of approximately 45 ° in the free state of knitwear for preferred variants of structures, and when stretched, its value decreases, but is not less than 30 °.

In any preferred or permissible embodiment of the proposed structure, the smoothness loops in rows of highly elastic filaments have a modulus of at least 1.5-2.0 times less than the loop module in rows of low elastic filaments due to the use of yarn or filaments with a higher linear density, which for the same the length of the loop allows you to maintain a fairly high elongation of the basic weave and creates a clear contour of the mesh cell.

Another preferred structure of the inventive mesh knitwear (figa, 3b and 3c) with a weave pattern of Rb = 4 and Rh = 8 and the number of sketches equal to the number of mesh loops (q / n = 1, q = 3 in h _i and n = 3 in b _i ) contains rows I, V of loops of the culinary surface of a small module of highly elastic tensile thread B and alternating rows of loops and drafts of low elastic thread H II-IV and VI-VIII. Loops of low elastic thread H are formed in columns 2, 3, 4 in rows II-IV, and then in rows VI-VIII - they are staggered in columns 1, 2 and 4, 5, and drafts respectively in columns 1, 5 , and then are shifted from column 1 to column 3 and further along rapport. Loops P1 and P2 from a highly extensible thread B with three drafts of a low elastic thread H tighten rows I and V along columns 1 and 5, just as after a staggered shift of the drafts in rows VI-VIII, a loop P3 of row V from a highly extensible thread B with drafts pulls the next rows of culinary smoothness from a highly extensible thread B V and IX according to column 3 and further according to rapport. In this structure, the ratio q / n = 1 is observed; therefore, the mesh cell has a diamond shape with an angle of inclination of the contour to the horizontal of 45 ° even in the stretched state.

As an embodiment, the inventive knitwear with Rb = 10 and Rh = 4 to increase the textured mesh effect by reinforcing the mesh cell contour additionally contains at each alternation of rows of different threads a number of loops of the smooth surface of a small module of highly elastic thread (figa): additional looped rows II and VII of thread B. Such a structure will have insignificant changes in shape and size compared to a similar single-row (see Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c), namely:

increased thickness of the contour and a reduced angle of inclination of the cell contour to the horizontal due to the presence of an additional row that does not have tightening loops with drafts.

Another possible embodiment of the structure of a highly elastic mesh knit according to the invention with Rb = 8 and Rh = 6 allows to increase the shape-forming properties of the knit by creating a hexagonal shape of the mesh cell and additionally contains at each alternation of rows of different threads a column of drafts of low elastic N. thread (Fig. 4b) in each rapport of the cell, namely, additional looped posts 2 and 5 in rows II-IV and VI-VIII of low elastic thread N. Additionally, in this case, means relative to the preferred Ianthe structure with the ratio q / n = l (see. Figures 3a, 3b and 3c). The mesh cells in this structure have a pronounced hexagonal shape due to the horizontal arrangement of loops of highly elastic strands B in rows I and V and doubling of the outlines located on them in rows II-IV and VI-VIII of low elastic strand N.

The conditional diagram of a hexagonal-shaped mesh cell with a thickened mesh-cell contour in Fig. 4c shows the shape and size when there are options for the structure of the inventive knitwear to have at the same time an additional row of loops of high-elastic yarn and an additional column of drafts of non-elastic yarn.

The actual structure of the knitwear (Fig. 5) of the preferred embodiments according to the invention (Figs. 1-3) with an angle of inclination of the mesh cell contour of 45 ° confirm the possibility of obtaining the inventive knitwear and demonstrate the influence of the type of used high and low elastic filaments on the structural effect, the shape of the cells and knitwear properties. In this structure in Fig. 5a with parameters q = 2 and n = 3 when using a low linear density nylon yarn as a low elastic thread and a textured nylon yarn as a highly elastic yarn, the elastic net effect is enhanced by the presence of practically transparent portions of high modulus nylon yarns, the diamond-shaped contour is emphasized by loops of a small module of elastic, and the structure itself has a reduced material consumption, high air permeability and good tightness. If a spandex without braid is used as a highly elastic — elastane polyurethane yarn (Fig.5b) in a structure with parameters q = 3 and n = 5, the clarity of the contour decreases, the degree of filling of the cell with loops of a small module decreases, and the elongation increases. Fig. 5c and Fig. 5g show the structural effect when using a low-stretch cotton yarn in rows with drafts and a high-stretch braided spandex yarn in rows of smooths for different cell sizes with parameters q = 2, n = 3, respectively (Fig. 5c) and q = 3 , and n = 5 (Fig. 5g), which gives the weave compression properties and increases elongation.

Thus, the proposed mesh highly elastic knitwear allows you to get new patterns of fabrics with a pronounced texture effect in the form of mesh cells of various sizes and shapes, which expands the range and scope of knitted tubular fabrics, increases the elongation in width and breathability, and also ensures good fit and increase form-forming properties.

The source of information

1. Dalidovich A.S. Fundamentals of the theory of knitting. - M.: Light Industry, 1970, p. 302, fig. 160.

2. Shalov I.I., Dalidovich A.S., Kudryavin L.A. Knitwear technology. - M .: Legprombytizdat, 1986, p. 18-19, Fig. 1.8.

3. Constanta Comandar. Gestricke einfach darstellen. MASCHEN Industrie, No. 3, 2003, S.18-20.

4. RF patent No. 2221908, MKI D04B 1/00. Mesh knitwear and method for its manufacture. / Tsitovich I.G., Galushkina N.V., Golban V.A. Publ. 01/20/2004. BI No. 2.

5. Marisova O.I. Knitted patterned weave. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M.: Light and food industry, p.140 fig. 11.8b, c.

Claims (5)

1. Mesh highly elastic knitwear, characterized in that it contains a number of loops of the smooth surface of a highly elastic tensile thread and alternating rows of low elastic low tensile thread, consisting of loops and drafts, in which one row of loops of high elastic thread has at least two identical rows of loops and sketches of a low elastic thread, and the sketches are arranged according to the pattern repeat in at least three columns with a checkerboard offset relative to the previous rows of low elongation tee. 2. Mesh highly elastic knitwear according to claim 1, characterized in that the contour of the mesh cells is formed due to the inclination of the loop rows of highly elastic filament to the horizontal at least at an angle of 30 °. 3. Mesh highly elastic knitwear according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the iron loop module in rows of highly elastic yarn is at least 1.5-2.0 times less than the low-stretch yarn loop module due to the use of a yarn and a larger linear yarn density. 4. Mesh highly elastic knitwear according to claim 1, characterized in that for thickening the contour of the cell - mesh, it can additionally contain a number of cool smoothies made of highly elastic thread. 5. Mesh highly elastic knitwear according to claim 1, characterized in that to create a hexagonal shape of the mesh cell, it may further comprise a column of drafts of low elastic thread.

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