RU2326326C2 - Flame-thrower and pyrotecnic flaming mixture igniter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: flame-throwing apparatus.

SUBSTANCE: a flame-thrower comprises a container with firing and sighting means, a jet engine mounted in said container, attached to the latter with a fire destructible connection and fitted with an orifice in its front end, a casing being rigidly connected to said jet engine, forming a cavity between them and having a delivery outlet in its bottom and a front destructible cover, a metallized flaming mixture enclosed into a perforated bag, the neck of which is closed with an assembly and arranged in the casing forming a hollow cavity between the casing bottom and the bag bottom, and a pyrotechnic flaming mixture igniter mounted in the cavity between the jet engine and the casing. Said perforated bag is made of metal mesh, the mesh size of which is less than the size of a reinforced particle of the metallized flaming mixture and bigger than the maximum size of its pyrotechnic igniter combustion products. The assembly that closes the bag neck has the form of separate mesh petals arranged on its side wall, formed by lengthwise cutting of the metal mesh with an interval of one or two meshes. Said petals being contracted towards each other in radial direction, twisted together several times about the bag centre line and bent in radial direction being contracted towards it. Inside the hollow cavity of the casing between its bottom and the bottom of the bag with flaming mixture there is a thin-walled conical plastic sleeve having inner radial bosses. Its larger diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the casing and its smaller diameter is larger than the diameter of the delivery outlet in the casing bottom, and the sleeve is mounted so that its smaller diameter end face thrusts against the casing bottom around its delivery outlet, and its opposite end face - against the bottom of the flaming mixture bag. Between the flaming mixture bag and the front destructible cover of the casing there is another hollow cavity wherein a thermal expansion joint between the casing and the flaming mixture is mounted, being elastically contracted. Said thermal expansion joint is made of the closed-cell foam material and is neutral towards the metallized flaming mixture components. The casing is fitted at its front destructible cover end with a tubular extension that is attached to the casing or to its destructible cover and the inner diameter of which is equal or larger than the diameter about which the casing front cover is destructed. The pyrotechnic flaming mixture igniter contains a pyrotechnic composition and a body having the form of a cup that is non-destructible under the action of combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition and has a fire hole in its base. The fire hole is closed with a destructible plug, whereby the pyrotechnic composition is pressed against the body base with a wad.

EFFECT: ensures the stability of flame-throwing range and accuracy, of the quantity of burning flaming mixture that reaches the target, safety of flame-thrower operators and the possibility of using flaming mixtures with a large content of powdered metallized fuel.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, namely to manual flamethrowers, however, it can be widely used in heavy flamethrowers placed on machine tools and combat vehicles, and in various types of ammunition (mines, shells, missiles, bombs, etc.) that realize pouring ( extruding) method of ejecting a flammable mixture or smoke mixture onto a target.

Known "Method of flame throwing and flame thrower for its implementation" according to patent RU 2117904 C1 IPC F41H 9/02, selected as analogues.

A flamethrower that implements this method of flame throwing consists of a cylinder filled with a flame mixture and containing in front of the nozzles, a perforated elastic, combustible woven bag that is longer than the length of the cylinder and dressed on nozzles with its bottom adjacent to the nozzle end, and a pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture - incendiary stars.

The pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture is placed inside the cylinder with the flame mixture and contains a hollow body attached with an open end to the bottom of the cylinder, and a pyrotechnic composition in the form of granules placed in the cavity of the body.

The operation of the flamethrower is as follows.

When igniting the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter of the flame mixture, its body is separated from the bottom of the cylinder and moves in the flame mixture to the nozzle. The combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition through the open end of the body are thrown to the bottom of the container and into the flame mixture, mixed with the flame mixture and, together with it, are squeezed out by overpressure through the nozzles into the atmosphere. In this case, the flame mixture interacts with the bottom of the woven bag and sequentially removes it from the nozzle, turning it into its own shell, which at some distance from the flame thrower, which is characterized by the discharge of excess pressure and voltage in the flame mixture, burns down and then the burning flame mixture flies to the target in a free state.

The disadvantages of the analogue:

- there is no compensation of the recoil force during flame throwing, which for hand flame throwers imposes strict restrictions on the mass of the flame mixture and the speed of its displacement from the cylinder through the nozzles;

- the bag has a large length caused by the expansion at the outlet of the nozzle of the vapor of the flame mixture and the gaseous products of combustion of the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter of the flame mixture dissolved in it, which leads to a more intense movement speed of the flame mixture, removing the bag from the nozzle, expanding it in the transverse direction, and this increases the aerodynamic resistance of air to the flight of the flame mixture to the target and the influence of wind on the accuracy of flame throwing;

- the body of the pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture must be smaller in all sections (measurements) of the diameter of the nozzle to exclude the possibility of overlapping the holes of the latter, which imposes restrictions on the mass of the pyrotechnic composition of the ignitor of the flame mixture, the volume of the flame mixture in the flamethrower and the diameter of the nozzle. In addition, the body of the igniter of the flame mixture with the remains of the burning granules of the pyrotechnic composition, falling into the stream of the flame mixture, prematurely burns the bag and thereby destroys the stream and reduces the range of flamethrowing;

- it is impossible to use highly effective pasty reinforced flame mixtures with a high content of powdered metal fuel in the flamethrower due to the inability to force them through nozzles.

The disadvantages of the analogue are partially eliminated in the known flamethrower according to patent RU 2272982 C2 IPC F41H 9/02, which is selected as the prototype of the proposed inventions.

The flamethrower consists of a container with firing and sighting devices, in the cavity of which a jet engine is placed, connected to the container by a bond destroyed by firing, and a shell with a flame retardant mixed into pieces, rigidly connected to the jet engine with the formation of a cavity between them, which is gasdynamically connected with the jet engine through a throttle hole in its front bottom and with a casing by a supply hole in its rear bottom, and in which a pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture is placed.

The mixture is enclosed in a mesh elastic bag, the neck of which is tied with a regular knot, and placed in the shell with the formation of a free cavity between its bottom and the bottom of the bag. The front end of the shell is covered by a lid, which is destroyed when fired by ring thinning, the diameter of which is larger than the inner diameter of the shell, which is the diameter of its neck.

The pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture in the prototype is formed by a bulk pyrotechnic composition, enclosed in a body destroyed by the products of its combustion, hung out with gaps in the center of the free cavity between the jet engine and the shell with the flame mixture.

The work of the prototype is as follows.

When the firing device of the container fires, the powder charge of the jet engine ignites and the powder gases generated in this case flow out of its cavity through the nozzle back and through the throttle hole in the front bottom into the cavity between it and the shell with a flame mixture.

Gases flowing out through the nozzle disconnect the jet engine from the container and begin to move it and the shell fastened with it along the container in the direction of fire, and the flowing out through the throttle hole is sequentially heated and, as a result, burns the thin-walled bottom of the pyrotechnic structure and sets fire to the latter. The combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition destroy its body and scatter with stirring the burning and non-burning elements of the pyrotechnic composition throughout the cavity between the jet engine and the shell, ensuring their complete ignition. Then, the powder gases of the jet engine and the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition are discharged through the supply hole in the bottom of the shell with a flame mixture into the free cavity between the bottom of the shell and the bag with the flame mixture, where they expand rapidly throughout its volume and press the bag with the flame mixture to the front collapsible cover of the shell. In this case, only an insignificant part of them falls to the bottom of the bag and, through the cells in it, is introduced into the fire mixture.

At the moment of reaching the calculated pressure in the free cavity of the shell, its front cover collapses in a circular thinning and, under the influence of excess pressure, together with the flame mixture contained in the bag, is first ejected from the shell into the container, and then from the container in the direction of fire.

After exiting the container due to the inflow of air, the flammable mixture ignites over the entire surface of the woven bag, which at some distance burns and further the mixture flies to the target, gradually being divided into separate pieces according to its reinforcement.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

- the free cavity between the bottom of the shell and the woven bag with a flame mixture provides for the interaction of the bottom of the woven bag with the structural elements that organize this cavity, which under shock and vibration loads will inevitably lead to friction between them and the destruction of the bottom of the bag even during the operation of the flamethrower (before the shot);

- various coefficients of thermal expansion (compression) of the flame mixture and the shell will lead, at negative temperatures, to the formation of an additional free cavity in the shell cavity, which, depending on the position of the flame thrower, can be placed between the bag with the flame mixture and the front destructible cover of the shell or between the bag with the flame mixture and the side the surface of the shell, which, when thrown out of the flammable mixture, will lead either to water hammer and accidental destruction of the shell anywhere, or to breakthrough of products burning a pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture between the bag with the flame mixture and the wall of the shell to its front destructible cover. This will lead to an off-design mode of throwing the bag with the fire mixture from the shell and the container and to its deviation from the given trajectory of movement in the radial direction, opposite to the place of the breakthrough of the combustion products of the pyrotechnic igniter of the fire mixture;

- the front collapsible lid of the shell even with slight asymmetry of destruction with its edge will cut into the surface of the channel of the container and create a nick or scuff on it that will jam the shell with the jet engine in the container and pull the flamethrower out of the hands of the flamethrower;

- the interaction of high-temperature combustion products of the pyrotechnic igniter of the flammable mixture with the bottom of the woven bag will lead to its partial or complete combustion even in the shell or container, therefore, after the bag with the flammable mixture leaves the container, the main burning part of the flammable mixture will be thrown back from the bag with the internal overpressure, and the remaining in a bag, the mixture will fly away to the target, which is usually not flammable. This disadvantage will be most pronounced when using flame mixtures with a high content of powdered metal fuel, as they require a longer and more intense heat exposure for reliable ignition;

- the destructible body of the pyrotechnic igniter and the sequential dispersion of its products of combustion over the volume of the cavity between the jet engine and the shell and the free cavity between the bottom of the shell and the bag with the flame mixture reduce the reliability and intensity of ignition of the flame mixture.

The technical task of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known flamethrowers and the pyrotechnic igniters of the flame mixture used in them, namely, to increase the stability of the main characteristics: range and accuracy of the flame thrower, the quantity of the burning flame mixture brought to the target, safety for the flame thrower and the possibility of using flame mixtures with a high content powdered metal fuel.

According to the present invention, the solution of the technical problem is achieved:

- in terms of the design of the flamethrower, including a container with firing and sighting devices, a jet engine installed in the container, fastened with it by a destructible link during the firing and containing a throttle hole in the front bottom, a shell rigidly connected to the jet engine with the formation of a cavity between them and containing a discharge opening in the bottom and a front destructible cover reinforced with a flame mixture enclosed in a perforated bag, the neck of which is blocked by a knot, and placed in a shell with the formation of a rim cavity between the bottom of the shell and the bottom of the bag, and a pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture installed in the cavity between the jet engine and the shell, the mixture is metallized, the perforated bag is made of a metal mesh having a cell smaller than the reinforced piece of metallized flame mixture, but larger than the maximum size of the combustion products of its pyrotechnic igniter, the node overlapping the neck of the bag is made of individual mesh petals on its side wall formed by its longitudinal ra cuts through one - two cells which are pressed on to each other in the radial direction, are twisted together in a few turns on the axis of the bag and are bent radially preload thereto; in the free cavity of the shell between its bottom and the bottom of the bag with a flame mixture there is a thin-walled conical sleeve made of plastic having inner radial protrusions, the largest diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the shell, and the smallest is larger than the diameter of the supply hole in the bottom of the shell, and installed with an end face with a smaller diameter with focusing on the bottom of the shell around its supply opening, and with the opposite end on the bottom of the bag with a flame mixture, between the bag with a flame mixture and the front destructible lid of the shell formed an additional a body cavity in which a compensator of thermal expansion (compression) of the shell and flame mixture is made with elastic compression between them, made of foam material with a closed cell and neutral to the components of the metallized flame mixture, the shell on the side of its front collapsible lid is provided with a lid bonded to it or its a tubular extension, the inner diameter of which is equal to or greater than the diameter along which the front cover of the shell collapses.

In a particular case, between the bottom of the bag and the reinforced metallized flammable mixture is placed a flammable reinforced flammable mixture containing red phosphorus, which is ~ 5-15% of the volume of the main metallized flammable mixture;

- in the part of the construction of the pyrotechnic igniter of the flammable mixture containing the pyrotechnic composition in the body, the body is made in the form of a glass that is not destroyed by the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition with the ignition hole in the bottom covered by a destructible plug, while the pyrotechnic composition is pressed to the bottom of the body with a wad.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where:

figure 1 shows the design of the flamethrower; figure 2 presents the design of the pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture; figure 3 and 4 presents the elements of a bag of metal mesh and shown:

1 - container with firing and sighting devices;

2 - a jet engine with a nozzle hole 18 in the rear bottom and a throttle hole 19 in the front;

3 - a shell with a feed opening 20 connecting the cavity 21 with the cavity 22;

4 - front destructible cover of the shell 3;

5 - flammable phosphoric mixture;

6 - metallized and reinforced into pieces flammable mixture;

7 - a bag of metal mesh;

8 - pyrotechnic igniter of a fire mixture;

9 - tubular extension;

10 - plug consumable holes "in" the shell 3;

11 - rigid conical sleeve made of plastic;

12 - compensator for thermal expansion (compression);

13 is an elastic plate forming the connection of a jet engine destroyed by a shot with a container;

14 - indestructible body of a pyrotechnic igniter of a fire mixture, made of metal in the form of a glass;

15 - plug ignition hole made of combustible material and hermetically glued into the ignition hole 23;

16 - composition of the pyrotechnic igniter of the fire mixture, the elements of which are smaller than the cell of the bag 7;

17 - wad pyrotechnic igniter flammable mixture made of cardboard, compressing the composition 16 to the bottom of the housing 14 and installed in it on glue or sealant;

23 - firing hole of the pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture;

24 - the petals of the bag 7, formed by longitudinal sections of the mesh through one or two cells;

And - the direction of the preload of the petals 24 before the joint twisting of several revolutions along the axis of the bag (twisting of the petals and its preload to the bag 7 is shown in figure 1).

The production of a shot from a flamethrower according to the invention is carried out in the following sequence.

When the firing device of the container 1 fires, the jet engine 2 fires and its powder gases flow out through the nozzle 18 to the outside and through the throttle hole 19 into the chamber cavity 21. In this case, the gases flowing through the nozzle 18 deform the elastic plate 13, eject it from the container 1 and the nozzle the jet engine 2, disconnecting them from each other, and begin to move the jet engine and the shell 3 rigidly bonded to it along the container 1 in the direction of fire. Gunpowder gases flowing through the throttle hole 19 into the cavity 21 sequentially burn the plug 15 of the ignition hole 23 of the body 14 of the pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture 8, ignite the composition 16 contained therein, knock out the wad 17 and destroy the plug 10, and together with the burning elements of the composition 16 through the consumable the hole 20 flows into the cavity 22 of the shell 3, formed by a conical sleeve 11, which provides a free volume of conical shape in the bottom of the shell 3 for better distribution of the burning elements of the pyrotechnic composition and 16 to ognesmesi surface. In this case, the cavity 22 is almost instantly filled with powder gases and combustion products of a pyrotechnic composition to the pressure of destruction of the front cover 4 of the shell 3, and the burning parts of the pyrotechnic composition penetrate through the cells into a metal bag 7 and are introduced into the flammable phosphorus mixture 5.

After the front cover 4 is destroyed, its part separated by ring thinning, the expansion compensator 12, and the flame mixtures 5 and 6 in the bag 7 are ejected by overpressure in the direction of fire, passing through the tubular extension 9, not touching the inner surface of the container 1, and the reactive the engine 2 and the shell 3 are braked by the same pressure along the length of the container 1 until they stop completely.

After the bag 7 with the flame mixtures 5 and 6 leaves, the powder gases and the burning elements of the pyrotechnic composition 16 embedded in the phosphorus mixture 5, ignite the phosphorus mixture 5, which, in turn, reliably ignites the mixture 6, due to the inflow of oxygen from the ambient air, and they fly to goals in the form of one large burning piece, creating a high psychological impact on the enemy. Fire mixtures enclosed in a bag of metal mesh fly to the target compactly and without destruction on the flight path, while the mesh of the bag is heated to the temperature of its destruction. For the purpose of the fire mixtures 5 and 6, destroying the bag 7, the impact energy is crushed into separate pieces, which scatter to the sides, creating multiple foci of primary ignition (foci of fire).

From the description of the device and the operation of the flamethrower according to the invention it follows that in it:

- the metal material of the bag with a flame mixture prevents the destruction of the bottom of the bag when it interacts with the structural elements of the inner cavity of the shell during shock and vibration loads during operation of the flamethrower (before firing);

- a rigid conical sleeve that provides free volume between the bottom of the shell and the bottom of the bag with the flame retardant, and the compensator for thermal expansion (compression) of the shell and the flame mixture made of foam material, in the entire temperature range of the flamethrower use, prevent the formation of additional free cavities in the cavity of the shell, which ensures design mode for throwing a bag with a mixture of fire from the shell and container at any firing temperature, the absence of destruction of the shell and deviations from the given trajectory the movement of the bag from a metal mesh with a flame mixture;

- a tubular extension cord, attached to the shell or the front collapsible cover, prevents the formation of nicks or scuffs on the surface of the channel of the container arising during the shot from the elements of the collapsible cover, which will jam the shell with the jet engine in the container and pull the flamethrower out of the hands of the flamethrower;

- a bag of metal mesh is not destroyed by interaction with the high-temperature combustion products of the pyrotechnic igniter of the fire mixture and prevents the seeding of the fire mixture on the motion path;

- the presence between the bottom of the bag from a metal mesh and a flammable phosphorus mixture, reinforced with a metallized flame mixture, leads to a more complete and faster ignition of the entire flame mixture, which will be most pronounced when using flame mixtures with a high content of powdered metal fuel, requiring a longer and more intense heat exposure for ignition

- the indestructible body of the pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture contributes to the direct direction of the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition and the powder gases of the jet engine directly into the cavity of the shell formed by the conical sleeve installed on its bottom, which increases the reliability and intensity of ignition of the flame mixture.

Thus, the present invention allows:

1) in terms of the design of the flamethrower:

- bring the metallized flammable mixture to the target with minimal seeding on the trajectory and its reliable ignition;

- evenly distribute the burning particles of the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter of the ignition mixture on the surface of the flame mixture from the side of the bottom of the bag of metal mesh;

- improve the momentum of the dynamic imbalance of the flamethrower when firing;

- eliminate the deviation of the trajectory of the flame mixture from the direction of fire;

2) in terms of the design of the pyrotechnic igniter of the fire mixture:

- use any type of bulk pyrotechnic compositions and significantly reduce their mass;

- reliably and uniformly introduce the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition into the fire mixture through the mesh cells of the bag.

Claims (4)

1. A flamethrower containing a container with firing and sighting devices, a jet engine mounted in the container, fastened with it by a connection destructible during firing and containing a throttle hole in the front bottom, a shell rigidly connected to the jet engine with the formation of a cavity between them, made with a consumable a hole in the bottom and the front destructible cover, the mixture is enclosed in a perforated bag, the neck of which is blocked by a node, and placed in the shell with the formation of a free cavity between the bottom of the glasses and the bottom of the bag, and a pyrotechnic igniter of the flame mixture, installed in the cavity between the jet engine and the shell, characterized in that a metallized flame mixture of reinforced pieces is used, the perforated bag is made of a metal mesh, the mesh size of which is smaller than the size of the reinforced piece of metallized flame mixture and larger than the maximum size the combustion products of its pyrotechnic igniter, the node overlapping the neck of the bag is made in the form of separate petals of a mesh on its side with tenka formed by longitudinal sections of the mesh through one or two cells, and pressed to each other in the radial direction, twisted together several turns along the axis of the bag and bent in the radial direction with compression to it, and in the free cavity of the shell between its bottom and the bottom of the bag a thin-walled conical sleeve made of plastic with internal radial protrusions is placed with a flame mixture, the largest diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the shell, and the smallest is larger than the diameter of the feed hole in the bottom of the shell, installed t with a smaller diameter with an emphasis in the bottom of the shell around its supply opening, and with the opposite end in the bottom of the bag with a flame mixture, an additional free cavity is formed between the bag with a flame mixture and the front destructible cover of the shell, in which a temperature compensator is installed between them expansion or contraction of the shell and the mixture, made of foamed material with closed cells and neutral to the components of the metallized flame mixture, and the shell from the front of it is destructible the lid is provided with or bonded with its lid frangible tubular extension having an inner diameter equal to or larger than the diameter of the front shell frangible cover. 2. The flamethrower according to claim 1, characterized in that between the bottom of the bag and the metallized flame mixture there is a flammable reinforced flame mixture containing red phosphorus, which is ~ 5-15% of the volume of the main metallized flame mixture. 3. Pyrotechnic igniter of a flame mixture containing a pyrotechnic composition and a casing, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of an indestructible pyrotechnic composition of the cup with a firing hole in the bottom covered by a destructible plug and the pyrotechnic composition is pressed to the bottom of the casing. 4. The pyrotechnic igniter according to claim 3, characterized in that the glass is made with the possibility of installation with the ignition hole in the bottom adjacent to the throttle hole of the jet engine, and with the open end to the supply hole of the shell with a flame mixture.

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