RU2272982C2 - Flame thrower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment, in particular, flame throwers, can be widely used practically in ammunition of all kinds charged with liquid or paste-like incendiary and smoke screens.

SUBSTANCE: the flame thrower jet engine is rigidly coupled to the envelope with formation of a chamber between them, that has a gas-dynamic coupling to the cavity of the jet engine accommodating the ignition charge. The flame mixture is enclosed in a netted bag and positioned with formation of a free space between it and the envelope bottom.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of fire, reduced mass of the flame thrower, charge mass, simplified construction and process of production of the latter.

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Description

The invention relates to military equipment, namely flamethrowers, however, it can be widely used in almost all ammunition (shells, missiles, bombs, etc.) equipped with liquid or pasty incendiary and smoke mixtures.

A known flamethrower, selected by the authors of the present invention as an analogue and consisting of a cylinder with a nozzle filled with a flame mixture, a pyrotechnic star installed inside the cylinder in the chamber at its rear bottom, is gas-dynamically connected with the cavity of the cylinder, and an elastic fabric bag, dressed on nozzles and the cylinder outside (patent RU 2117904 With 1 IPC F 41 H 9/02).

The disadvantages of this flamethrower are:

- lack of compensation of recoil force during flame throwing, which imposes strict restrictions on the mass (volume) of the fire mixture and the speed of its displacement from the cylinder through the nozzles;

- the large length of the bag, caused by the expansion of the vapor of the flame mixture and the gaseous products of combustion of the pyrotechnic star dissolved in it at the outlet of the flame mixture from the nozzle, which leads to a more intense than the speed of movement of the jet of flame mixture, removing the bag from the nozzle and cylinder, expanding it in the transverse direction and this increases the aerodynamic resistance of air to the flight of a flame mixture to a target.

As a result, the range of flame throwing is significantly reduced and the dependence of the accuracy of flame throwing on the speed and direction of the wind increases.

These shortcomings are almost completely eliminated in the well-known flamethrower RPO-Z, which is structurally closest to the proposed invention and therefore is selected by the authors as a prototype (Flamethrowers RPO-A, RPO-Z, RPO-D. Poster 1. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1990).

The flamethrower consists of a container with firing and sighting devices, a jet engine with a nozzle in the rear bottom and a throttle hole in the front, a shell in the form of a feathered shell with a front destructible lid filled with a fire mixture. Inside the shell at its rear bottom, a chamber with an ignition-explosive charge and fuse is fixed, and a jet engine is connected to the shell and the container by bonds that are destroyed when fired.

The work of the prototype is as follows.

When the firing device fires, the jet engine fires and the powder gases flowing from it disconnect it from the container and shell. In this case, gases flowing through the throttle hole into the container cavity between the jet engine and the shell balance the jet thrust of the engine nozzle with their pressure and simultaneously accelerate the shell along the length of the container. Under the influence of this acceleration, a fuse is cocked, and the shell acquires the necessary speed and flies to the target. When meeting with a target, a fuse fires and ignites an explosive-explosive charge, the combustion products of which open the chamber, enter the cavity of the shell, destroy the shell or its front cover, scatter and ignite the flame mixture.

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- a large mass of the powder charge of a jet engine, necessary to accelerate the shell, flame mixture, a chamber with a fuse and ignition-explosive charge, which leads to a high level of sound when fired, requires hearing protection, does not allow firing from confined spaces and with high elevation angles ;

- a large mass of the container pipe, because it is loaded almost over the entire length with a sufficiently high pressure of the powder gases, which impart speed to the shell;

- a large mass and structural and technological complexity of the ignition-explosive charge, because its parts must adequately to each other and at the same time destroy the shell or its front cover, discard (scatter) the mixture, optimally crush it and reliably ignite under all weather and climatic conditions and meeting angles for the purpose;

- a sufficiently large firing range of the fuse, caused by the need to exclude damage to the flamethrower by parts of the shell when it is destroyed on the target, which does not allow the use of the flamethrower when conducting combat operations on floors of buildings and in their individual premises;

- the lack of psychological impact on the enemy of a burning fire mixture when the shell moves along the flight path to the target, especially effective in direct contact.

The technical task of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known flamethrower:

- reducing the mass of the powder charge of a jet engine and providing due to this the possibility of firing without hearing protection, from limited rooms and with high elevation angles;

- a decrease in the mass of the container and the flamethrower as a whole or an increase due to this mass of the flame mixture.

- weight reduction and simplification of the design and manufacturing technology of the ignition-displacing charge while providing it with optimal parameters for displacing, igniting and crushing the flame mixture;

- ensuring firing point blank with the exception of the defeat of the flamethrower by parts of the shell;

- ensuring the psychological impact on the enemy of a burning fire mixture when moving along the flight path to the target.

To solve this problem, in a flamethrower containing a container with firing and sighting devices, a jet engine with a nozzle in the rear bottom and a throttle hole in the front, connected to the container by a destructible bond during firing, a shell with a flame mixture, connected to the jet engine and containing a front destructible cover, igniter charge, gasdynamically connected with the flame mixture, the jet engine is rigidly connected to the shell with the formation of a chamber between them, which is gasdynamically connected with the cavity of the reactive of the igniter and in which the igniter charge is placed, while the flame mixture is enclosed in a mesh bag and placed with the formation of free space between it and the bottom of the shell.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which presents:

1 - container with firing and sighting devices;

2 - a jet engine with a nozzle hole "a" in the rear bottom and a throttle hole "b" in the front;

3 - a shell with a front destructible cover;

4 - front destructible cover;

5 - flammable;

6 - mesh bag;

7 - threaded connecting sleeve;

8 - igniter charge;

9 - channel connecting the chamber "d" with the cavity "g";

10 - a stub;

11 - elastic plate.

The production of a shot from a flamethrower according to the invention is carried out in the following sequence.

When the firing device of the container 1 fires, the jet engine 2 fires and its powder gases flow out through the nozzle "a" out and through the throttle hole "b" into the chamber cavity "d". In this case, the gases flowing through the nozzle "a" deform the elastic plate 11, eject it from the container 1 and the nozzle of the jet engine 2, disconnecting them from each other, and begin to move the jet engine and the shell 3 attached to it by means of a threaded sleeve 7 along the container 1 in the direction of fire. Gunpowder gases flowing through the throttle aperture b into the chamber e ignite the igniter pyrotechnic charge inside it made of low-gas composition 8, destroy the plug 10 and, together with the burning charge elements 8, flow through the channel 9 into the cavity g of the shell 3. As the cavity “g” is filled with powder gases to the pressure of destruction of the front cover 4 of the shell 3, the burning parts of the ignition charge burn the mesh bag 6, penetrate and dissolve in the mixture 5. After the destruction of the front cover 4, the mixture is 5 the bag 6 is ejected by the pressure of the powder gases in the direction of fire, and the jet engine 2 and the shell 3 are braked by the same pressure along the length of the container 1 until they stop completely.

After the bag 6 with the flame mixture 5 takes off, the powder gases contained in them and the burning elements of the charge 8, thanks to the influx of oxygen from the ambient air, reliably ignite the flame mixture 5 and it flies to the target in the form of one large burning piece, creating a high psychological effect on the enemy. At a distance of several meters from the flamethrower, the bag 6 almost completely burns out, but by this moment the disturbances in the mixture 5 caused by its shock displacement from the shell 3 are almost completely extinguished and it flies towards the target compactly and without destruction on the flight path. On target, a mixture of 5 with impact energy is crushed into separate pieces, which scatter to the sides, creating multiple foci of primary ignition (foci of fire). If the impact energy significantly exceeds the strength of the flame mixture and it is crushed into small and ineffective pieces, then it can be reinforced into pieces of optimal size, for example, by segments of elastic polyester threads.

From the description of the device and the operation of the flamethrower according to the invention it follows that in it:

- the processes of displacing the flammable mixture from the shell and compensating for the recoil force are carried out by powder gases discharged from one of their sources (jet engine), which ensures their high compliance with each other and almost completely eliminates the influence of the energy of the powder charge associated with interparticle and intraparticle spread and ambient temperature;

- in the direction of the target, only a mixture of flames is emitted in the bag, which leads to a minimum powder charge in the jet engine and allows firing without hearing protection, with large elevation angles and from rooms of limited size;

- the use of propellant gases of a jet engine to report the speed of the flame mixture when it is ejected from the shell allows you to use a structurally and technologically simple pyrotechnic charge to ignite the flame mixture and significantly increase the reliability and completeness of its ignition due to the prolonged contact of the burning elements of the pyrotechnic igniter charge introduced into the flame mixture;

- the psychological impact on the enemy of open fire of a flying fire mixture is ensured;

- the possibility of firing at point blank range, as at a meeting of the flame mixture with the aim of not throwing away the flamethrower parts and its shell;

- the container tube is not loaded with excess pressure of the powder gases that impart the speed of the flame mixture and, therefore, can have the smallest possible thickness and mass;

- optimal crushing of the flame mixture to the target can be achieved by reinforcing it into necessary pieces with bundles of elastic polyester yarns.

Claims (1)

A flamethrower containing a container with firing and sighting devices, a jet engine with a nozzle in the rear bottom and a throttle hole in the front, connected to the container with a destructible bond when fired, a shell with a flame mixture, connected to the jet engine and containing a front destructible cover, an ignition charge, a gas-dynamically coupled with a flame mixture, characterized in that the jet engine is rigidly connected to the shell with the formation of a chamber between them, which is gasdynamically connected with the cavity of the jet engine ator and in which an ignition charge is placed, thus enclosed in ognesmes net bag and arranged to form between it and the bottom of the shell space.