RU2324861C2 - Device for pyrolysis of hydrocarbon material (biomass) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organic chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: the invention relates to the area of pyrolysis of hydrocarbon material. The technical result is avoiding the local melting of the body and cover metal, ensuring uniform heating of the whole volume of the contacting coal and, as result, more effective interaction of the pyrogas with coal, more complete processing of the hydrocarbon raw material. The device for pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon raw material (biomass) contains a thermo-reactor, in which, in the output zones, a layer of electroconductive coal and a layer of isolator sealing the reactor are located. Inside of the thermo-reactor, a gas tube for output of gas products of pyrolysis is located, to the upper part of which a cover is installed so that the lower part of the cover is submerged into the coal. In the space between the gas tube and the cover, a filter catalyser is located in the thermo-reactor loading zone, a water supply device is installed, and the shell of the thermo-reactor is provided with a thermal resistant cover. The shell of the thermo-reactor and the gas tube are connected to the required terminals for power supply. The device is provided with a magnetic unit, which is a solenoid with pins located on enclosure installed on the gas tube, or directly on the gas tube, inside the thermo-reactor shell. The said pins are connected with the gas tube, or with the thermo-reactor shell, or with feeding device placed outside of the thermo-reactor shell. Inside of the thermo-reactor, magnetic field is generated oriented so that the Ampere forces act on the conducting coal; as a result, the coal moves and is mixed, forming a uniform conducting layer, and does not allow increased conductivity areas to be created.

EFFECT: increased level of recycling of hydrocarbon raw materials by providing uniform heating of whole volume of conducting coal.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of pyrolysis of hydrocarbons - biomass.

A known installation of pyrolysis of waste containing a thermoset with an electric heater and a system for removing pyrolysis gases, including a capacitor; wherein the electric heater is made with an internal cavity connected to the internal volume of the thermoreactor and a system for removing pyrolysis gases through the gas reception slot. The condenser and sump are located above the level of the thermoreactor, the latter being connected to the sump through a pipe (RF patent No. 2225573 dated 03/10/2004).

The disadvantages of the device are:

- the need to increase energy or heating time of biomass through coal due to its low thermal conductivity;

- incomplete processing of the components of the process into fuel gas, since not all of the coal is heated and interacts with water vapor and hydrocarbons and not all of the biomass is heated enough to completely process it.

The closest to the proposed combination of essential features and the achieved result and adopted as a prototype is an installation for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon waste containing a thermoreactor and a pyrolysis gas removal system, in which there is a layer of electrically conductive coal and a layer of insulator that seals the thermoreactor in the outlet of the thermoreactor, and inside the thermoreactor a flue pipe is located, on the upper part of which a casing is put on so that the lower part of the casing is immersed in electrically conductive coal, and in The filter-catalyst is located between the gas pipe and the casing, a water supply device is installed in the loading zone of the thermoreactor, and the thermoreactor housing is provided with a heat-shielding shell, while the reactor housing and the gas pipe are connected to the corresponding terminals for supplying voltage, and the gas pipe through the valve is connected to pyrolysis gas removal system (RF patent No. 2260154 of 09/10/2005).

The disadvantages of the prototype device are:

- the occurrence during operation of the heating element formed by the reactor vessel, coal and the casing, local areas of the contacting coal layer having a higher conductivity compared to the bulk of the contacting coal, as a result of which a greater current begins to flow through such an area, which leads to excessive local heating contacting areas of the surfaces of the reactor vessel and the casing and, as a result, to their melting, which can lead to a short circuit;

- uneven heating of coal due to the uneven distribution of the strength of the current flowing through it and, as a result, the ineffective interaction of coal with pyrolysis gas, resulting in incomplete processing of hydrocarbon materials.

To eliminate these drawbacks, a plant for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon feedstock - biomass containing a thermoreactor is proposed, in which, in the outlet zone, there is a layer of electrically conductive coal and a layer of insulator that seals the thermoreactor, and a flue pipe is located inside the thermoreactor to discharge the gas component of the pyrolysis products to the upper which puts the casing in such a way that the lower part of the casing is immersed in electrically conductive coal, and filter catalysis is located in the space between the gas duct and the casing torus, a water supply device is installed in the loading zone of the thermoset, and the thermoset is equipped with a heat-shielding shell, while the reactor and gas pipes are connected to the corresponding terminals for power supply, characterized in that they are equipped with a magnetic block in the form of a solenoid with leads placed on on the flue pipe to the casing, either directly on the flue pipe inside the thermoset, or directly on the flue pipe outside the thermoset, or directly on the the pus of the thermoreactor, and these conclusions are connected either to the gas pipe and the thermoreactor case, or to a power device located outside the thermoreactor case, while a magnetic field is created inside the thermoreactor, oriented so that Ampere forces act on the conductive coal, as a result of which the coal moves , is mixed, forming a uniform conductive layer, and does not allow the formation of areas with increased conductivity.

The proposed installation allows you to avoid local melting of the metal of the casing and the casing, to achieve uniform heating of the entire volume of contacting coal, resulting in a more effective interaction of the pyrolysis gas with coal, and, as a result, a more complete processing of hydrocarbon raw materials.

The operation of the device is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a General view of the pyrolysis installation.

The installation comprises a thermoreactor 1 with a hermetically sealed lid 2. Inside the thermoreactor 1 there is a gas duct 3, on which a casing 4 is worn. In the part of the pipe 3 located under the casing 4 there may be additional gas inlets. Under the casing 4 around the pipe 3 there is a filter catalyst 5. The lower part of the casing 4 is immersed in electrically conductive coal 6, which is pressed and sealed on top by the loaded biomass 7. The insulator 8 seals the internal volume of the thermoreactor 1 and provides galvanic isolation between the reactor vessel 1 and the gas pipe 3 In the upper part of the reactor 1, a device 9 for supplying water to the internal volume of the reactor is installed. The reactor vessel 1 and the gas pipe 3 are connected to the corresponding terminals for supplying voltage. The housing of the thermoreactor 1 has a heat-shielding shell 10. On the gas duct 3 outside the housing of the thermoreactor 1 there is a magnetic unit 14 in the form of a solenoid, the terminals of which are connected to the gas duct 3 and the housing of the thermoreactor 1.

Installation works as follows.

The biomass 7 is loaded into the thermoreactor 1 and hermetically closed with a cover 2. When voltage is applied to the power terminals, a voltage is also applied to the layer of electrically conductive coal 6. Under the influence of an electric current flowing through coal, the latter heats up to a temperature sufficient to start the pyrolysis process, reaching its maximum activity - reducing ability. In this case, a magnetic field is created inside the reactor by the magnetic unit 14, the instantaneous directions of the lines of force 11 of which are so oriented with respect to the instantaneous directions of the current 12 flowing through coal 6 that the Ampere force acts in the latter, in the direction 13 of which coal particles 6 move and mix. When local areas of coal 6 with a conductivity greater than the conductivity of the bulk of the contacting coal occur, a greater current flows through such areas, and therefore, a large Ampere force 13 acts on them. Performan this channel with high conductivity is destroyed, coal is mixed, forming a contact zone with a uniform conductivity. In this case, the coal is heated evenly over the entire contact surface. The temperature inside the reactor 1 rises, and the loaded biomass 7 is pyrolyzed, and the casing 4 removes heat from the coal heating zone 6 to the upper layers of the biomass. As a result of its pyrolysis and subsequent degradation, coal sediment remains in reactor 1, and the gas component leaves through a layer of hot coal 6, a filter catalyst 5 into a gas duct 3. To intensify the pyrolysis process and process coal sediment into a zone of loaded biomass 7 at certain time intervals water is supplied using the water supply device 9. Water turns into steam and interacts with the coal sediment of biomass 7, forming fuel gas. In this case, the fuel gas passes through the volume of coal 6, which has a maximum temperature and activity, since an electric current flows through it. Thanks to this, fuel gas is most effectively restored. In addition, due to a sharp increase in pressure in the thermoreactor during the formation of steam from water, a mechanical effect is exerted on biomass 7, it is agitated, mixed, which intensifies the pyrolysis process. At the end of the biomass processing cycle 7, the consumption of electrically conductive coal 6 is compensated by coal sludge from the processed biomass 7. Thus, the layer of electrically conductive coal 6, which acts as a heating element, becomes constantly renewed.

In addition to the embodiment described in the drawing and in the drawing, the magnetic unit 14 can be placed on the casing 4 mounted on the flue pipe 3. Also, the magnetic unit 14 can be placed directly on the flue pipe 3 inside the reactor 1, or directly on the reactor 1.

The conclusions of the magnetic unit 14 can be connected with both the gas pipe 3 and the thermoreactor housing 1, and with a power device located outside the thermoreactor housing 1.

The power supply of the installation can be either alternating current or constant. In this case, in the first case, the magnetic block 14 creates an alternating magnetic field inside the case of the thermoreactor 1, and in the second, a constant.

The proposed installation in comparison with the prototype avoids local melting of the metal of the contacting surfaces of the reactor vessel and the casing due to the destruction of local areas with high conductivity using a magnetic field. In this case, the contacting coal is mixed, as a result of which its conductivity is smoothed over the entire contact area, and its entire volume is uniformly heated. This allows for the most complete processing of the process components into fuel gas due to the passage of the latter through a uniformly heated - thermoactive due to the passage of electric current - volume of coal.

The proposed installation allows to obtain fuel gas, increasing its volume and thermal energy.

Claims (1)

Installation for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon feedstock - biomass containing a thermoreactor, in which there is a layer of electrically conductive coal and a layer of insulator that seals the thermoreactor in the outlet zone, and a flue pipe is located inside the thermoreactor to divert the gas component of the pyrolysis products, on top of which a casing is fitted so that the lower part of the casing is immersed in electrically conductive coal, and a filter catalyst is located in the space between the gas pipe and the casing; water supply, and the thermoset is equipped with a heat-shielding shell, while the thermoset and the flue pipe are connected to the corresponding terminals for power supply, characterized in that it is equipped with a magnetic block in the form of a solenoid with leads placed on the casing put on the flue pipe, or directly on the flue pipe inside the thermoreactor housing, or directly on the thermoreactor housing, and these conclusions are connected either to the flue pipe and the thermoreactor housing, or to By means of a power supply located outside the thermoreactor case, a magnetic field is created inside the thermoreactor, oriented in such a way that Ampere forces act on the conductive coal, as a result of which the coal moves, mixes, forming a uniform conductive layer, and does not allow the formation of areas with increased conductivity .