RU2324789C2 - Automated technique of erecting monolythic foundations and walls of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention pertains to automated and construction of industrial and civil buildings with construction of highly reliable structures. The automated technique of erecting monolithic foundations and walls lies in that, a unit for preparation of concrete is assembled, as well as concrete pumps and pliable concrete pipelines, for automation of its supply. From a strong, cord woven sleeve, which is the outer hoop and reinforcement, elements are cut out with equal length and width of the foundation walls and walls of the building. The ends of the sleeves are sewn, openings are cut on their upper part, and the sleeves are rolled up and marked. An earth foundation is made and the first roll is unrolled onto it with the openings on the upper side. The concrete pipelines are inserted into the openings; a portion of concrete is pumped into them using a concrete pump. It is then held such that it does not spread out from the hoop and gravitation force is applied to the plastic tear-shaped sleeve in the section of its shape, with its bottom taking the shape of the surface of the earth foundation, and cement is squeezed out through the fabric of the sleeve. The next empty sleeve is unrolled onto it and similarly filled, and through gravitational forces, the pliable lower sleeve is flattened out into a flat oval shape. Breaks are taken so that the concrete hardens, and the cycles of building up the walls continue until the foundation is fully prepared. Then there is laying of water-proofing compound, armoured cord, ceiling mounting, and the walls are formed using the same, method. In this case, there is reduction of their thermal conductivity, including light fillers, for instance, polystyrene, pearlite and clayite. The walls are reinforced with hoops made from cord, and the sleeves effectively interlinked by the cement squeezed out through them. Between the sleeves, there are closed reinforcement belts. The pliable sleeves are linked to each other by reinforcement steel bars which pierce through them in a vertical direction. Doors and windows are put into final position. A sleeve is unrolled between them and a concrete pier is put which fixes their position. The technical outcome lies in the lowering of labour intensiveness of erecting monolithic foundations and walls of buildings and other structures, automation of the erection technique and increased strength and reliability of their reinforcement with textile fabric made from cord.

EFFECT: lower labour intensiveness in erection of monolithic foundations, increase in their reliability.

2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the automated construction of industrial and civil buildings, especially in the construction of structures of high reliability.

Known prefabricated and monolithic strip foundations [1, p.134, Fig.5.1] and brick walls and monolithic [1, p.75]. Monolithic walls are erected using removable or sliding formwork. Brick walls are built manually. We accept this technical solution as an analogue.

The disadvantages of the analogue are as follows:

- the great complexity of the method of construction of monolithic foundations and walls of buildings and structures, since installation and dismantling of the formwork is required;

- high material consumption arising during the construction of the building;

- it is impossible to automate the process of building the foundation and walls.

It is known to reinforce the embankment from the soil [2] with textile material. Such reinforcement increases the strength of the soil base and the stability of the embankment.

It is also known effective reinforcement of automobile and aviation tires with a mesh or woven fabric from a cord obtained on a textile machine or knitting on knitted machines [3, p. 69, p. 239, p. 571, p. 1187]. This method is highly productive and reliable. We take this automated method of manufacturing woven reinforcement from durable cord as a prototype. Reinforcement of monolithic foundations and walls with textile fabric from a cord forming a mesh reinforcing fabric is not known.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce the complexity of the construction of monolithic foundations and walls of buildings and structures, automate the method of their construction and increase the strength and reliability of their reinforcement with textile fabric from cord.

The technical problem according to the invention is solved in that they automate the method of erecting monolithic foundations and walls of buildings. Automation consists in installing a set of equipment to build the foundation, including a unit for preparing plastic concrete mix with a draft of 8 ... 18 cm in accordance with GOST 10181-2000 “Concrete mixtures. Test methods ”and GOST 7473-1994“ Concrete mixtures. Specifications ”, concrete pumps and flexible concrete pipelines, with the help of which concrete mixture is pumped into the formwork.

The difference from the prototype is that from a durable sleeve, woven or knitted from a cord, elements of the same length as the length of the walls and walls of the foundations and walls of the structure being erected are cut, the ends of the flexible hoses are sewn up, forming a cavity closed in space, which is also an external mesh fittings. One or more inlet openings are cut out in each of said cavities from above for forcing a concrete pump to pump a plastic concrete mixture through a concrete pipe.

Roll flexible sleeves into rolls and mark rolls in accordance with the plan of foundations and walls of the structure. Prepare a soil base.

The rolls are transported from the hoses to the construction site and, in accordance with the mentioned plan of the foundations and walls of the structure, the first wider foundation roll is rolled out onto the prepared soil base with the inlet openings up.

A flexible concrete pipe is introduced from above into the inlet openings of the flexible sleeve and the plastic concrete mixture is metered into the sleeve by a concrete pump, the sleeve is stretched with excess pressure from the inside and cement glue is squeezed out through the mesh fabric.

The force of gravity acts on the plastic concrete mixture, they strain and give the flexible sleeve filled with the plastic concrete mixture a drop-shaped cross-sectional shape that copies the surface of the soil base with its sole and has a convex upper surface.

The next upper sleeve is rolled onto a sleeve filled with plastic concrete mixture and the plastic concrete mixture is also automatically pumped into it with a concrete pump. At the same time, gravitational forces act from top to bottom on the concrete mixture that has not grasped, flatten the lower sleeve and give it a more flat oval shape closed in cross section, roll the next sleeve. Take breaks for concrete to gain strength from 10 to 30% of the design and the cycles of increasing the height of the foundation continue until the foundation is completely ready. An approximate composition of the plastic concrete mixture is given in table 1.

Table 1. Concrete mix for foundation No. Concrete components Consumption per 1 m ³ one Cement of brand 400, kg 200 ... 250 2 Crushed stone of fraction 5 ... 20 mm, 0.75 ... 0.85 3 Quartz sand, kg 680 ... 760 four Plasticizer C-3 by weight of cement in terms of dry matter, kg 0.5 ... 0.8%, 5 Water before sedimentation of the concrete cone 8 ... 18 cm.

Lay the waterproofing layers on the foundation, perform monolithic or prefabricated floors, and form the walls of the building in the same way. Moreover, in order to improve the thermotechnical characteristics of the wall, the concrete mixture is facilitated by introducing organic and inorganic aggregates, for example polystyrene, perlite, expanded clay, into its composition.

Plastic concrete mix for warm walls with low thermal conductivity is recommended the following composition, shown in table.2.

table 2 Concrete mixture with low thermal conductivity for warm walls No. Concrete components Consumption per 1 m ³ one Cement of brand 400, kg 200 ... 250 2 Lightweight aggregate fractions 5 ... 10, 10 ... 20 and 20 ... 40 mm, m ³ 0.75 ... 0.85 3 Quartz sand, kg 680 ... 760 four Plasticizer C-3 by weight of cement in terms of dry matter, kg 0.5 ... 0.8%, 5 Water before sedimentation of the concrete cone 8 ... 18 cm

Lightweight aggregate can be made of expanded clay, agloporite, slag pumice, slag, tuff, porous limestone, perlite, polystyrene and other materials with low thermal conductivity.

Reliable adhesion of the layers of the sleeves between themselves is ensured by cement glue squeezed through the mesh fabric from the cord and reinforced with this mesh fabric.

And in order to increase the reliability and operability of the structure under construction, depending on the mass of the structure, the soil base and its properties and other factors, continuous reinforcing rods, continuous along the contour, are formed between layers from filled hoses, forming horizontal horizontally closed belts. In the period of the plastic state of the concrete mixture, the sleeves are sewn together with each other vertically, piercing them with reinforcing rods. Longitudinal reinforcing bars can be connected to each other by transverse bars and form frames.

As the height of the walls increases to design elevations, monolithic or prefabricated ceilings are formed, door and window blocks are installed in the design position. Between them roll flexible woven from the cord sleeves of the appropriate length and concreted piers as described above.

Figure 1 shows the sequence of actions for the implementation of an automated method for the construction of monolithic foundations and walls of buildings; figure 2 - shows a diagram of the constructed building in section.

On figa shows a foundation pit with a prepared soil base. To erect the foundation, mount the unit 1 for preparing a plastic concrete mixture. This mixture has a cone draft of 8 ... 18 cm according to GOST 10181-2000 “Concrete mixtures. Test methods ”and according to GOST 7473-1994“ Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions. " Mount concrete pump 2 and flexible concrete pipes 3.

The sleeves 4, rolled up in rolls, are transported to the construction site. Sleeves 4, closed in cross section, are made of durable cord automatically on a weaving machine or knitting machine, for example, from polypropylene or glass fiber [2, p.1147]. From the sleeves 4, elements of the same length are cut out as the lengths of the sections of the walls and the walls of the foundations and walls of the structure being erected, the ends of the sleeves 4 are sutured, forming a cavity closed in space. Textile cord fabric is also a strong external mesh reinforcement. One or more inlet openings are cut out in each said sleeve 4 for forcing plastic concrete mixture into it. Sturdy sleeves 4 are rolled up into rolls (not shown) and marked in accordance with the plan of foundations and walls of the structure.

In accordance with the plan of foundations and walls of the structure, the first wider sleeve 4 of the foundation is rolled out onto the prepared soil base 5. Insert concrete pipes 3 into the inlet openings of the sleeve 4 for pumping the plastic concrete mixture by the concrete pump 2.

On figb shows the automated filling of the sleeve 4 with this mixture.

On figv shows the rolling of the next sleeve on an already filled sleeve.

On Figg shows the automated filling of the upper sleeve 4 with a plastic concrete mixture and pressing the upper sleeve of the plastic lower sleeve. The textile fabric of the sleeve 4 of a strong cord is an external clip reinforcing the wall.

On fig.1d shows the reinforcement of the foundation or wall rod reinforcement, forming a closed belt.

Sleeve 4, woven or knitted from a cord on a machine, forms a cavity closed in space. A plastic concrete mixture is pumped into the cavity through one or more inlets of the concrete pump 2 through a concrete pipe.

Concrete pipe 3 is introduced from above into the inlet of the sleeve 4 and the plastic concrete mixture is injected metered into the sleeve 4 by a concrete pump, the sleeve 4, which is a clip, is stretched from the inside and cement glue is squeezed out of the cord from the cord (see Fig. 1).

Moreover, gravitational forces act on the plastic concrete mixture, strain and stretch the sleeve sleeve 4 from the inside, squeeze cement glue from the cord mesh and give the sleeve a cross-sectional shape (see fig. 1b), copying the surface of the soil base 5 with a convex base and convex top surface.

The next sleeve 4 is rolled onto a sleeve 4 filled with a plastic concrete mixture (see FIG. 1 c) and a plastic concrete mixture is also automatically pumped into it. In this case, the forces of gravity act from top to down on the concrete mixture that has not grasped, flatten the lower sleeve 4 (see Fig. 1d) and give it a more flat oval shape closed in cross section.

In the event of a bumpy surface due to the uneven distribution of the concrete mixture in the sleeve, mechanical measures are used, for example, with a roller for better alignment.

Roll the next sleeve 4. Take breaks to gain concrete strength from 10 to 30% of the design and the cycles of building the height of the foundation continue until it is ready.

The waterproofing layers 7 are rolled out (see FIG. 2) onto the foundation 6. The waterproofing 7 is performed, for example, from a rubberized canvas woven from a durable cord on a machine. The cord can also be steel from a strong thin wire. Rubber perfectly protects the cord from corrosion. That is, the waterproofing also performs the functions of a durable belt around the perimeter of the structure or building and prevents the appearance of cracks and damage in it during uneven precipitation of the soil base 5. Waterproofing 7 is delivered to the construction site in rolls.

A floor slab 8 is constructed (see FIG. 2) using one of the known methods. Walls 9 (see FIG. 2) are formed in the same manner as the foundation 6. Moreover, when forming wall 9 to reduce its thermal conductivity, light organic and inorganic aggregates, for example polystyrene, perlite, expanded clay, are introduced into the concrete mixture.

Provide reliable adhesion of the filled sleeves 4 to each other in layers of cement glue extruded through the mesh from the cord and reinforced cord.

As the height of the wall 9 increases, door and window units (not shown) are installed. Between them roll out sleeves of the corresponding length, woven or knitted from the cord on the machine, and piers are concreted using the method described above. When concreting walls, filled sleeves tightly cover window and door blocks and fix their design position in the wall.

To increase the reliability and operability of the structure under construction, depending on its weight, soil base 5 and its properties and other factors, reinforcing longitudinal bars 10, continuous along the contour, are laid between layers of filled sleeves 4 (see Fig. 1e). These rods 10 form horizontally closed belts. The rods 10 can be connected to each other by transverse rods and form frames. Sleeves 4 are sewn together with each other vertically, piercing them with reinforcing bars (not shown) during the period of plastic state of the concrete mixture in them.

Strong belts can be made, for example, from a rubberized canvas woven on a machine from a strong cord, which also performs the function of waterproofing.

Comparison with the analogue shows significant differences, namely:

- the process of erecting foundations 6 and walls 9 of the building is fully automated due to the supply of concrete through concrete pipelines and laying concrete in flexible hoses from a cord, which is an external cage and formwork;

- the manufacturing process of durable cord sleeves is automated by manufacturing them on weaving or knitting machines;

- increased reliability of the building, since it is completely monolithic, reinforced with durable sleeves, working with an external clip and formwork, uniting the walls into a single whole.

The economic effect was obtained due to the maximum reduction in the complexity of the method of erecting monolithic foundations and walls of buildings and structures, as well as the automation of the manufacturing process of durable cord sleeves on weaving or knitting machines. The economic effect is also obtained from improving the reliability and strength of the structure.

Information sources

1. Kudzis A.P. Reinforced concrete and stone structures. Part 2. Designs of industrial and civil buildings and structures. Textbook for high schools. Graduate School. M., 1989

2. A guide for the design of the roadbed of roads on soft soils (to SNiP 2.05.02-85). M., 1989, p. 75-83. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary (BES). Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. Ed. 2nd. M., BDT, 1998, p.1456.

Claims (1)

An automated method of erecting monolithic foundations and walls of buildings, which consists in installing a concrete mixing unit, concrete pumps and flexible concrete pipelines for its automated supply, characterized in that elements equal to the woven from the cord sleeve, which is an external ferrule and reinforcement, are cut along the length and width of the walls of the foundations and the walls of the building, the ends of these sleeves are sutured, the inlet openings are cut into them from above, the sleeves are rolled into rolls, they are marked, and the soil foundation is prepared it, roll the first roll onto it with the holes upward, put concrete pipelines into the holes, meticulously pump the plastic concrete mixture into the sleeve tightly with a concrete pump, hold it from the casing from spreading out of the sleeve, give gravity to the plastic sleeve a drop-like shape in section, copying the surface of the soil with its sole base, and squeeze cement glue through the fabric of the sleeve, roll the next empty sleeve onto it from above and also automatically fill it, and flatten the surface with gravity the lower lower sleeve and give it a flat oval shape in section, take breaks for gaining strength by concrete and the cycles of increasing the height of the walls continue until the foundation is completely ready, lay the waterproofing reinforced with cord, mount the ceiling and form the walls in the same way, while reducing their thermal conductivity, introducing light aggregates, for example polystyrene, perlite, expanded clay, provide reinforcing the walls with cords of cord and reliable adhesion of the sleeves to each other squeezed through them with cement glue, m forward closed sleeves are placed over the contour reinforcing belts, plastic sleeves are connected to one another by reinforcing bars, piercing them vertically, is installed in the design position blocks doors and windows, sleeves rolled between them and concreted partitions securely fix their position.

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