RU2323185C2 - Composition for manufacture of plates for permanent forms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering; preparation of composition for forms with the use of natural organic fibrous material; construction of buildings by monolithic method; facing of external and internal walls or partitions.

SUBSTANCE: proposed composition may be used for manufacture of plates which are used as external or internal layer of enclosing structure. Proposed composition contains the following components, mass-%: savings, 25.0-45.0; mineral finely-ground component - Portland cement or binder on base of finely-ground blast-furnace slag and water glass or aluminous cement or micro-silica, 15.0-40.0; basalt fiber, 10.0-20.0; antiseptic, 0.5-1.0; water, 20.0-24.5.

EFFECT: reduced density of material; reduced consumption of cement; enhanced crack resistance, strength, impact viscosity, resistance to heat transfer.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 4 ex

Description

The present invention relates to construction equipment, namely, the preparation of a composition for formwork using natural organic fibrous material. The invention can find application for the construction of buildings in a monolithic way, as well as for facing any external and internal walls and partitions.

It is known that the use of fiber (fiber) allows to increase the strength of building materials, reduce cracking and reduce their cost. Fibers can be metal shavings, waste from wood processing enterprises, fibrous waste from pulp and paper mills, synthetic fibers, etc.

Common to all known methods of using fixed formwork is the technology by which the formwork, after its use, remains as the outer and inner layer of the wall and works with the main part of the wall as a whole.

According to US Pat. No. 1305139, class С04В 16/02, 1987, the known chipboard formulation, which includes the following materials, wt.%: Chips 86-92, urea-formaldehyde resin 8-15. Urea-formaldehyde resin in this case acts as a binder, and shavings as a filler. This material has several disadvantages: short service life, emission of harmful volatile substances into the environment.

The composition of the mass for wood boards, known for US Pat. No. 2035422, cl. С04В 18:04, 1995, differs from the above in that Portland cement serves as the binder for the production of plates. The composition of the raw mix, wt.%: Portland cement 26.2-87.3, distillation liquid 0.4-7.3, an aqueous suspension of solid waste soda production of 5.4-73.4.

According to US Pat. No. 2209819, class C08L 97/02 is known as a press material for the manufacture of chipboards, which includes urea-formaldehyde resin, wood chips and hardener - ammonium silicofluoride.

Closest to the claimed composition used for the production of fiberboard according to patent No. 2022986, class. C08L 97/02. The composition includes, wt.%: Portland cement 30-55, wood chips 25-50, technical lignosulfonates 3-6, waste leather 5-10, water - the rest. Physicomechanical parameters of fiberboard: density 400 kg / m ³ , flexural strength 1.4-1.9 MPa, thermal conductivity at 20 W / m · K 0.045-0.05 W / m · K, water absorption 30-32 % by weight.

This composite solves the same problem as the present invention, namely the creation of fiber-reinforced material, which includes organic fibers, interconnected by a mineral binder.

The disadvantage of this composite is the high average density of the material. The ratio of components specified in this patent helps to increase the average density (400 kg / m ³ ) of the final product and increase its cost. At the same time, the bending strength remains low and amounts to only 1.9 MPa.

The present invention provides for the production of fixed formwork boards using a composition comprising osprey - waste from the pulp and paper industry, mineral finely ground component, antiseptic, water.

Osprey is a cellulose fiber with impurities of lignin, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium carbonates, as well as a small amount of phosphates and nitrates of the same metals. Fiber by volume is 75-90% of osprey, fineness of grinding is 60-63 °, humidity of osprey is 19-65%, pH is 5.9-6.5. Osprey is represented by cellulose fibers up to 150-250 microns long, 1-5 microns thick. Osprey fibers are randomly located relative to each other or intertwined. No solids or impurities were found in the osprey samples. According to the Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the PMU in the Perm Region, the skeleton of Perm Cardboard LLC belongs to the fifth class of environmental hazard.

The drawing shows the structure of the osprey at a magnification of 200 ^X.

The range of use of osprey in the proposed composite is significantly increased. The wide range of applications of osprey is a distinctive feature of the composition, which allows the use of osprey both as a filler and as a binder.

The advantages of the proposed structure is that the use of osprey can significantly reduce the weight of the slab, reduce cement consumption, reduce the cost of the product, increase crack resistance, strength, toughness, heat transfer resistance. In addition, the osprey, having a large sorption capacity, absorbs possible harmful emissions from other materials used in the construction of walls formed in the proposed fixed formwork, for example polystyrene foam. The use of basalt fiber creates conditions for increased adhesion of the binder to the filler and at the same time allows to obtain a dispersion-reinforced material with increased bending strength.

Thus, the claimed invention differs from the known ones in that osprey is used as fillers - waste from the pulp and paper industry and basalt fiber in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Osprey - 25.0-45.0; mineral finely ground component - 15.0-40.0; basalt fiber - 10.0-20.0; antiseptic - 0.5-1.0; water-20.0-24.5.

Examples of the invention.

Example 1

The mixture composition, wt.%:

- osprey - 25.0;

- Portland cement - 40.0;

- basalt fiber - 10.0;

- antiseptic - 0.5;

- water-24.5;

subjected to pressing at a pressure of 6000-10000 kgf / cm ² to obtain a plate with a thickness of 10-20 mm, after which the plate hardens within 28 days.

After hardening, the plate has the following properties:

The average density of 184 kg / m ³

Compressive strength 7.0 MPa;

Tensile Strength 21.0 MPa;

Water absorption by weight of not more than 9.7%;

The coefficient of thermal conductivity - 0,042 W / m · K

Example 2

The mixture composition, wt.%:

- osprey - 30.0

- binder based on fine-ground blast-furnace slag and liquid glass - 29.5;

- basalt fiber - 20.0;

- antiseptic - 0.5;

- water - 20.0.

From the mixture, by analogy with example 1, a plate is formed, which is subjected to heating at a temperature of 110 ° C for 6 hours. After cooling, the stove has the following properties:

The average density is 154 kg / m ³ ;

Compressive strength, - 12.4 MPa;

Tensile strength, 19.8 MPa;

The coefficient of thermal conductivity - 0,045 W / m · K

Example 3

The mixture composition, wt.%:

- osprey - 40.0;

- alumina cement - 25.0,

- basalt fiber - 15.0;

- antiseptic - 1.0;

- water - 19.0.

The mixture is pressed to obtain a plate with a thickness of 10-20 mm, after which the plate hardens within 3 days.

After hardening, the plate has the following properties:

The average density is 143.7 kg / m ³ ;

Compressive strength - 16.3 MPa;

Tensile Strength - 16.9 MPa;

The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.40 W / mK.

Example 4

The mixture composition, wt.%:

- osprey - 45.0;

- silica fume - 15.0;

- basalt fiber - 20.0;

- antiseptic - 1.0;

- water - 19.0.

From the mixture, by analogy with example 1, a plate is formed, which is subjected to heating at a temperature of 110 ° C for 6 hours. After cooling, the stove has the following properties:

The average density is 89.6 kg / m ³ ;

Compressive strength - 8.8 MPa;

Tensile Strength - 12.3 MPa;

Thermal conductivity coefficient -0.036 W / m · K

In the last example, osprey plays the role of both fiber and binder, and silica fume plays the role of filler.

Silica fume (TU 14-1206-709-2004) is a highly dispersed powder with a bulk density of 100-300 kg / m ³ . It is a by-product of ferroalloy production and is widely used as an active additive in mortars and concrete.

Claims (1)

Composition for fixed formwork slabs, comprising a fibrous filler, a finely ground mineral component, an antiseptic and water, characterized in that osprey and basalt fiber are used as the filler filler, and Portland cement or an astringent based on finely ground blast furnace slag and liquid glass are used as the finely ground mineral component. or alumina cement, or silica fume in the following ratio of components, wt.%: osprey 25.0-45.0 basalt fiber 10.0-20.0 mineral finely ground component 15.0-40.0 antiseptic 0.5-1.0 water 20.0-24.5

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