RU2323148C1 - Powder material hopper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: packages, particularly devices for difficult-to-pour material storage and distribution to be used in different industries.

SUBSTANCE: powder material hopper comprises bridge-breaking device made as horizontal shaft 2 with inclined discs 3 connected thereto. Bridge-breaking device additionally has cylindrical rods 4. Each rod is connected to driving shaft 2 between two adjacent discs 3 and has through mutually transversal orifices 5. Cylindrical rods 4 provided with limiting members 6 secured to opposite ends thereof are freely installed in through orifices of shaft and may reciprocate relatively them. Orifices 5 of driving shaft 2 may be located in mutually transversal planes passing through longitudinal shaft axis.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of hopper emptying along with decreased power inputs for material discharge initiation.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for storage and subsequent issuance of bulk materials, such as ground chalk, prone to caking and arching, and can find application in the construction and other sectors of the economy.

Known bunker device for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a horizontal shaft mounted in its walls, equipped with a shredder made in the form of disks, on the surface of which there are curly tides (German patent No. 949936, class 81e 136, published. 1956).

However, such a bunker device provides a limited collapse zone.

Also known is a hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a mechanism for collapse, including a horizontal shaft with discs with holes fixed on it (German patent No. 700090, class 81e 136, published. 1940).

In this device, the loosening zone of the material is expanded. However, due to the fact that the arch breaker is installed near the wall of the body, its effect on the arch is of local importance.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a hopper for bulk materials (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1155512, class B65D 88/68, 1983), comprising a housing and a collapse mechanism located in it, including a horizontal drive shaft with discs inclined on it while adjacent discs are tilted towards one another.

This technical solution of the bunker for bulk materials, compared with those discussed above, is aimed at increasing the efficiency of collapse. At the same time, as shown by the practice of its use, the circuit-structural features of the shredder impose certain conditions on the process of collapse of the bulk material and its unloading, and it is deeply dependent on the kinematics of movement of the working elements of the shredder, physico-mechanical properties of the material being loaded, its fractional composition and state of aggregation.

So, a demolition casing with disks inclined on the shaft relative to each other ensures satisfactory operation during unloading and storage of bulk materials in the hopper with unstable internal bonds between material particles. When recovering the flowability of a material under the influence of a shredder, material flows freely pass through funnel-shaped cavities in each group of adjacent disks without compaction and jamming of the material, while the hopper is unloaded at a uniform rate with minimal energy consumption for causing the material to expire.

When collapsing hard-flowing materials, in particular bulk cargo of a heterogeneous structure, cases of jamming of lumpy inclusions between adjacent disks with subsequent pressing of the material and overgrowing of the passage section at the level of their smallest angular closure under the pressure of the loosened mass during rotational movement of the collapsor are possible. This, in turn, leads to increased mechanical stress on the elements of the shredder and energy costs.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of collapse of overloaded material due to the additional placement of working elements on the shaft of the collapsor, structural and kinematic movement of each of them in the interdisk space and cyclically repeated force effects on the arch of caked material.

The problem is achieved in that in the hopper for bulk materials containing the housing and the collapse mechanism housed therein, including a horizontal drive shaft with disks mounted obliquely thereon, and adjacent disks are inclined towards one another, according to the invention, the collapsor is further provided with cylindrical rods placed between adjacent disks on the drive shaft, and the shaft is made with through holes located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, with cylindrical ste zhni with fixed at their ends restrictive elements loosely fitted in the through holes of the shaft with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the latter. Through holes in the drive shaft are located in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

Figure 1 shows the proposed bunker device for bulk materials, General view; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a variant of the hopper device for bulk materials; figure 4 is a section bB in figure 3; figure 5 - kinematic diagram of the movement of the shaft with cylindrical rods placed between adjacent disks (options).

The hopper contains a truncated cone-shaped housing 1, a horizontal drive shaft 2, which is passed through the walls of the hopper, located in the zone of possible material arch formation, and a shaft breaker, made in the form of a group of disks 3, rigidly mounted on the shaft 2 at an angle to its longitudinal axis of rotation equal to or more angle of repose of bulk material. The disks are mounted on the shaft in such a way that each subsequent one is inclined towards the previous one, forming cavities close to the shape of the funnel.

The caster is equipped with cylindrical rods 4, each of which is placed on the drive shaft 2 between adjacent disks 3, while the shaft is made with through holes 5 located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. Cylindrical rods 4 with restrictive elements 6 fixed on their opposite ends, made in the form of ball bearings, are freely installed in the through holes 5 of the drive shaft 2 with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the latter. The holes 5 on the drive shaft 2 can be located in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

Fastening the disks to the shaft at an angle to its longitudinal axis of rotation equal to or greater than the angle of repose of the bulk material reduces the coefficient of friction between the material and the surface of the disk.

Holes can be formed in the disks 3. The cross section of each hole provides a material throughput.

Disks can be mounted on the drive shaft 2 with an eccentricity relative to the geometric axis of the shaft demolition shaft.

Depending on the physicomechanical properties of a particular bulk material, the shape and height of the hopper, several demolition shafts can be mounted in the latter.

The device operates as follows.

Material loaded through the upper part of the hopper using a conveyor (not shown) or in any other way, in the initial period passes unhindered shredder and is poured through the unloading window. As the layer of material loaded into the hopper increases, its compaction and arch formation occurs. Upon termination of the flow of material from the hopper, which indicates the formation of the arch, include a drive (not shown), which tells the shaft 2 with disks 3 and rods 4 rotational movement. The disks themselves, mounted on the shaft at an angle to its axis, perform circular movements along a complex spatial path, as a result of which each of the disks with end and side surfaces acts on the mass of compacted material. At the same time, with the rotational movement of the shaft 2 and the angular movement of the cylindrical rods 4, the latter transmit a shock impulse of dynamic impact on the arch of locally caking masses of bulk material, the bulk cargo passes from a static state to a state of dynamic motion, moving in the cavities between the disks 3 to the discharge hole. Upon reaching a vertical position, the rods 4 under the influence of gravity begin to move down the holes 5 of the drive shaft 2 until the upper restrictive element 6 of each rod 4 comes into contact with the outer surface of the shaft 2. Thus, the rods 4 of the drive shaft 2 with an angular rotation of 180 ° moving from the initial lower position, passing the zone of formation of static and dynamic arches and when they reach a vertical position, they make a working cycle of impact on the mass of compacted material with the next return of the rods to their original position, and the rods 4 describe in space a closed path in the form of a semicircle. For one revolution of the drive shaft 2, the rods 4 make two duty cycles (figa), which contributes to a more intensive conduct of the process of collapse of the overloaded material.

When placing the rods 4 in the holes 5 of the drive shaft in mutually perpendicular planes, each row of rods for each revolution of the shaft alternately relative to each other also performs two duty cycles (Fig.5b), while the structural design of the rods on the drive shaft when exposed to the caking material reduces the load on the drive elements.

Since adjacent disks are inclined towards each other and form cavities close to the shape of a funnel, they rotate simultaneously cutting the arch, loosening the material, grabbing it in portions and scattering inside the hopper, increasing the speed of the material pouring out through the discharge opening. The presence of cylindrical rods and the kinematic structure of their movement exclude the creation of a material flow in the interdisk space of the swirling flow structure, this eliminates the possibility of material sticking to the side surfaces of the disks and overgrowing of the passage section between adjacent shaft disks at the level of their smallest angular opening, and jamming between them is also excluded Lump inclusions.

Thanks to the holes 7 in the disks 3, granular material is poured from the cavity into the cavity between adjacent disks, contributing to the intensive loosening of the material and its expulsion from the cavity.

The collapser with inclined disks and cylindrical rods allows you to implement the principle of a two-level energy effect on the material arch - due to the circular movements of the inclined disks and cyclically repeated shock pulses of the rods placed between the disks. Moreover, the impact on the structurally stressed state of bulk material in the field of formation of static and dynamic arches from the rods is carried out by pulses of high intensity, which increases the efficiency of collapse of overloaded materials with high particle cohesion and density of their packing.

The proposed constructive solution of the hopper for bulk materials in comparison with the known device adopted for the prototype, provides an effective collapse of materials with low flowability and high caking, which increases the performance of unloading from the hopper with the lowest possible energy consumption.

The device is reliable in operation, easy to manufacture and operate.

Claims (2)

1. A hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a collapse mechanism located therein, including a horizontal drive shaft with disks mounted obliquely thereon, wherein adjacent disks are tilted towards one another, characterized in that the collapsor is further provided with cylindrical rods arranged between adjacent disks on drive shaft, and the shaft is made with through holes located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, while cylindrical rods with fixed at their ends will limit solid elements are freely installed in the through holes of the shaft with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the latter. 2. The hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the through holes in the drive shaft are located in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

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