RU2158217C1 - Loose material hopper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: storage and dispensing of difficult-to-flow materials. SUBSTANCE: proposed hopper has bridge breaker made in form of horizontal shaft with inclined disks fitted on. Shaft is made hollow, in form of tube, and is furnished with drive. Disks provided with crank members are installed for vibrating in direction of shaft axis under action of additional drive. The latter consists of pulley, shaft, pair of bevel gears with axle eccentrically fitted on one of gears. This gear is connected by connecting rod with crank members of disks. Bridge breaker provides unloading of material from hopper at minimum consumption of energy for stimulating flow of material. EFFECT: facilitated discharge of material. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for storage and subsequent issuance of bulk materials, such as ground chalk, prone to caking and arching, and may find application in the construction and other sectors of the economy.

 A bunker device for bulk materials is known, comprising a housing and a horizontal shaft mounted in its walls, equipped with a shredder made in the form of disks on the surface of which there are curly tides (German Patent No. 949936, class 81e 136, published. 1956).

 However, such a bunker device provides a limited collapse zone.

 Also known is a hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a mechanism for collapse, including a horizontal shaft with discs mounted on it with holes (German Patent No. 700090, class 81e 136, published. 1940).

 In this device, the loosening zone of the material is expanded. However, due to the fact that the arch breaker is installed near the wall of the body, its effect on the arch is of local importance.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a collapsor located in it, including a horizontal shaft with inclined discs and its drive (ed. Certificate of the USSR N 1155512, class B 65 D 88 / 68, 1983).

 In the technical solution of the hopper for bulk materials under consideration, the shredder, made in the form of a drive shaft with inclined discs, provides satisfactory operation when unloading and storing bulk materials, mainly with unstable internal bonds between the material particles and low packing density, while the hopper is unloaded minimum energy costs for inducing the material to expire.

 However, in the structural design solution of the demolition mechanism, the positively dominant factor is not fully implemented - the shear nature of the movement of the working elements of the demolisher and, therefore, the geometric characteristics of the trajectory of movement, the dynamics and direction of the force of the inclined discs on materials that are prone to the formation of stable arches and freezing . Thus, the exclusion of the mobility of inclined disks in the angular directions during the rotational movement of the shredder significantly reduces the effectiveness of their dynamic effects on the arch of caked material and the mechanical destruction of its structural formations. The moisture content of materials prone to sticking has a significant effect on the collapse process.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of collapse of overloaded material due to the organization of vibrational-vibrational processes of the inclined disks of the horizontal shaft of the collapsor and the force field of their impact on structurally aggregate formations of the material.

 The problem is achieved in that in a bulk material hopper containing a housing and a casing demounter disposed therein, including a horizontal drive shaft with disks mounted thereon, according to the invention, the disks are mounted on a horizontal shaft with the possibility of oscillation in the direction of the shaft axis by means of an additional drive.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed bunker device, General view; in FIG. 2 - horizontal shaft with disks and drives, section; in FIG. 3 - kinematic diagram of the active working body - the disk.

 The bunker for bulk materials contains a truncated cone-shaped housing 1 and a shredder housed therein, including a horizontal shaft 2 with disks 3 mounted on it, the shaft being hollow in the form of a pipe and equipped with a drive (through pulley 4), and the disks are equipped with cranked elements 5. The disks 3 of the horizontal shaft 2 of the shaft breaker are installed obliquely relative to the axis of the shaft, that is, their planes do not coincide with the plane of rotation of any point of the disk 3, with the possibility of oscillations in the direction of the axis of the shaft 2 by means of an additional water. The additional drive includes a pulley 6, a shaft 7, a pair of bevel gears 8 and 9 with an axis 10 eccentrically mounted on the gear 9, connected by means of the connecting rod 11 with the cranked elements 5 of the disks 3.

 Depending on the physicomechanical properties of a particular bulk material of the shape and height of the hopper, several shredders can be mounted in the latter.

 The device operates as follows.

 Material loaded through the upper part of the hopper using a conveyor (not shown) or in any other way, in the initial period passes unhindered shredder and crumbles through the discharge window. As the layer of material loaded into the hopper increases, its compaction and arch formation occurs.

 Upon termination of the flow of material from the hopper, which indicates the formation of the arch, include a drive (not shown), which through the pulley 4 informs the horizontally located shaft 2 with the inclined disks 3 rotational movement. The pulley 6 through the shaft 7, gears 8 and 9, the axis 10 and the connecting rod 11 drives the disks 3 in rapid oscillatory motion. Thus, a continuous alternating change in the angle of inclination of the disks 3 occurs.

 In the process of shaft rotation, the disks make circular motions along a complex spatial path, as a result of which each of the disks by the end and side surfaces acts on the sealing or caking material in the arch formation zone. In this case, the amplitude-frequency nature of the angular vibrations of the disks 3 and the force field of their influence contribute to the formation and development of volumetric shear deformations in the structurally aggregate formations of the overloaded material, which can significantly increase the collapsing effect.

 Due to the continuously changing position of the disk planes, the latter simultaneously trim the arch, loosen the material, grab it in portions and scatter inside the hopper, increasing the speed and uniformity of the flow of bulk material through the hopper discharge window.

From the kinematic scheme (Fig. 3) the law of motion of the working body has the form:
Y = Rsin {[φ _cp + Δφcos (nωt + α ₀ )] cosωt}, (1)
where Y is the axial displacement of a single point on the disk;
R is the radius of the disk; φ _cp is the average installation angle of the disks;
Δφ is the amplitude angle of oscillation of the disk relative to φ _cp ;
n is the number of disk vibrations per revolution of the additional drive shaft, n = (ω ₂ -ω ₁ ) / ω ₁ ; ; ω ₂ - shaft speed of the auxiliary drive; ω ₁ - the frequency of rotation of the horizontal shaft with inclined disks; α ₀ - phase (initial angle).

(2)
решением которого получаем закон движения диска:
Y₁ = A₁cos(ω₁t+α₀₁).
Такие гармонические колебания диска будут наблюдаться при вращении горизонтального вала сводообрушителя.In this case, the disk experiences two harmonic oscillations that overlap each other. The first type of harmonic oscillations is characterized by a differential equation

(2)
whose solution we obtain the law of motion of the disk:
Y ₁ = A ₁ cos (ω ₁ t + α ₀₁ ).
Such harmonic oscillations of the disk will be observed during rotation of the horizontal shaft of the shaft breaker.

The second type of harmonic oscillations will come from the very mechanism of oscillation of the disk. Moreover, the equation of its motion is a function of the form:
Y ₂ = A ₂ cos (ω ₂ t + α ₀₂ ),
where A ₂ = Rsinφ ₀ is the amplitude of the oscillations.

Then Y ₂ = Rsin [φ _cp + Δφcos (ω ₂ t + α ₀₂ )]. (4)
During the work of the shredder, two harmonic oscillations of the disk will overlap each other. The total oscillatory process can be described by the equation
φ = Rsin {[φ _cp + Δφcos ((ω ₂ -ω ₁ ) t + α ₀ )] cosω ₁ t}. (5)
Using the relation n, equation (5) takes the form (1). At the same time, we can obtain oscillatory processes that are different in nature and characteristics, depending on the ratios: A ₁ and A ₂ ; ω ₁ and ω ₂ ; α ₀₁ and α ₀₂ .
If the initial phase difference is Δα = (α ₀₁ -α ₀₂ ) = 0, then for A ₁ = A _{2 the} total deviation Y doubles, and for A ₁ ≠ A _{2 it} sums up. If Δα = π and A ₁ = A ₂ , then both vibrations are mutually annihilated. It follows that to obtain the greatest accelerations and inertia forces, the first condition for such an oscillatory process should be: Δα = 0; A ₁ = A ₂ . The ratio of the frequencies ω ₁ and ω ₂ oscillations is taken into account by the ratio n. The larger n, the higher the total frequency the disk will oscillate. When ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ , that is, n = 1, the total number of disk vibrations will double, and the nature of the oscillation process will remain the same - harmonic with the same period. And for ω ₁ ≠ ω ₂ and n = 2, 3 ... a beating is observed with a period
T = 2π / (ω ₁ -ω ₂ ).
Upon receipt of n (n> 3), the oscillating system of the shaft breaker exposes the caked material to large inertial cyclic and reverse loads. Due to the communication by the inclined disk of the cave-breaker of spatial angular vibrations realizing the application of loads to structurally aggregate formations of the material in various periodically changing directions, the likelihood of their contour surfaces affecting the bulk material in the direction most favorable for breaking the arch increases.

By changing the variables:
φ _cp ; Δφ; n; ω; R; ωt; α ₀
it is possible to obtain oscillatory processes of various shapes. This allows you to assign the optimal possible kinematic modes of operation of the shredder depending on the physicomechanical properties of material overload, its fractional composition and state of aggregation.

 The proposed constructive solution of the hopper for bulk materials in comparison with the known device adopted for the prototype, provides effective collapse of materials with low flowability and high caking, resulting in increased discharge performance from the hopper with a relatively low drive energy consumption.

Claims (1)

 A bunker for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a shredder housed therein, including a horizontal shaft with inclined disks and a drive, characterized in that the disks are mounted on a horizontal shaft with the possibility of oscillation in the direction of the shaft axis by means of an additional drive.

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