RU2323118C2 - Passenger car energy absorbing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed energy absorbing device of passenger car contains shock absorbers 4 installed between frame 2 and car body 3 and energy-absorbing members 5 taking up impact horizontal loads and arranged between stops 6 and 7 secured on frame and body. Each energy-absorbing member is made in form of insert 8 manufactured of plastically deformable material connected with one of stops and installed with clearances relative to second stop to provide displacement of body relative to frame at operation of shock absorbers.

EFFECT: increased safety of passengers in emergency owing to absorption of impact energy at collision with obstacle, provision of energy-absorbing devices of simple design and easy-to-manufacture.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, in particular to car building, and can be used to protect passengers of railway cars in emergency situations - in the event of a collision with obstacles and other vehicles.

Existing railway cars are equipped with absorbing devices installed at the ends of their frames to reduce and mitigate shock loads that occur when the train moves away, while driving, when cars are clutched and collide during shunting [1].

The energy intensity of these absorbing devices is calculated from the conditions of perception of operational shock loads arising at low impact speeds, not exceeding 12 km / h.

It is also known to equip locomotives (head cars) of a train with shock absorbing elements designed to absorb significant shock loads that occur in emergency situations, for example, in a collision with another train or some kind of obstacle on the way [2]. For this, replaceable energy-absorbing elements are installed on the front end of the head carriage (locomotive) frame, which provide energy absorption due to their plastic deformation upon impact with an obstacle.

However, the installation on the locomotive of sufficiently large absorbing elements designed to absorb the loads arising from the collision of the mass of the entire train moving at high speed does not ensure the safety of all cars and the safety of passengers, especially if the collision did not occur with the locomotive, but, for example, with the last car of the train or with a separately moving wagon, a group of wagons.

The problem of ensuring the safety of wagons and the safety of passengers is exacerbated in the case of using passenger wagons containing separate body and chassis [3]. In these passenger cars, the body is detachably mounted on the suspension strut on a frame with trolleys.

Closest to the claimed one is the energy absorbing device of a railway carriage containing shock absorbers installed between the frame and the car body and absorbing horizontal shock loads energy absorbing elements (dampers) located between the stops fixed to the car frame and car body [4].

The known device is simply in a structural respect, has a small mass and overall dimensions and provides a reduction in shock loads due to frictional interaction and deformation of rubber-metal elements, however, it is not efficient enough and is designed for the perception and damping of operational loads.

In this regard, combined dampers installed between the car body and the car frame are more effective, using, along with elastic deformation of the links, external and internal friction of elastic and viscous media [5], [6]. However, these devices are complex, bulky and do not provide reliable and stable operation.

The objective of this invention is to equip passenger cars with simple and inexpensive to manufacture energy absorbing elements that ensure the safety of passengers in an emergency due to the absorption of impact energy in a collision with an obstacle for both the entire train and a single car.

The technical result that can be achieved by using the invention is to simplify the design, increase the efficiency of energy absorption in an emergency through the use of energy-absorbing elements made of plastic deformable material and increase the safety of passengers in various emergency situations.

To achieve the technical result in the energy absorbing device of a passenger car, containing shock absorbers installed between the frame and the car body and absorbing horizontal shock loads, energy absorbing elements located between the stops fixed on the frame and the car body, each energy absorbing element is made in the form of an insert made of plastic deformable material, connected to one of the stops and mounted relative to the second stop with gaps that provide displacement e of the body relative to the frame of the car when the shock absorbers.

Each insert made of plastically deformable material can be made in the form of a honeycomb block with cells parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car, or as a set of successively cut (crumpled) elements with relative movement of the body and frame of the car in an emergency.

To simplify the device and increase its compactness, inserts of plastic deformable material can be grouped in pairs and in each group connected to stops fixed in the carriage frame and spaced in the longitudinal direction, and a stop fixed to the carriage body located between them with gaps ensuring the shock absorbers work at the same time, to ensure reliable and stable functioning, the inserts in each group can be located in a longitudinal holder, the outer ends of which are closed fixed on the frame agon stops, and in its central part an opening is formed, in which a contact with the end faces of the inserts pusher cooperating with an abutment fixed to the car body.

Each pusher can be fixed relative to the clip with automatic unlocking in an emergency.

The inventive energy-absorbing device does not exclude the use of absorbing devices of automatic coupler devices of the car, designed to perceive and mitigate the longitudinal loads that occur when moving the train, its movement and shunting.

One of the options for a possible structural implementation of the present invention is presented in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a car.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section along one of the groups of inserts, section AA.

Figure 3 shows a cross section bb.

4 shows a section D-D.

Figure 5 shows a section CC of a honeycomb insert.

Figure 6 shows the implementation of inserts from a package of sheared (crumpled) elements.

The inventive energy absorbing device is placed on a passenger carriage comprising a frame 2 mounted on bogies 1, a body 3 and shock absorbers 4 located between the frame 2 and the body 3, conventionally shown in the drawings in the form of springs. Shock absorbers can be located on the sides in the end parts of the car, for example, in the area of the pivot beams of the frame 2 and can be made in the form of various springs and springs, including rubber and pneumatic, as well as their combinations.

In the attachment points of the shock absorbers 4 are located horizontally perceiving shock loads that occur in emergency situations, energy absorbing elements 5 (figure 2) installed between the stops 6, mounted on the frame 2, and the stops 7, mounted on the body 3.

Each energy-absorbing element 5 is made in the form of an insert 8 of a cylindrical or prismatic shape made of plastic deformable material.

Each insert 8 is connected to an abutment 6 mounted on the frame 2, and relative to the abutment 7 mounted on the body 3, it is positioned with gaps Δ ′, Δ ′ ′, Δ ″ ″ that provide for the displacement of the body 3 relative to the frame 2 of the car during normal operation of shock absorbers 4 during the operation of passenger cars.

Inserts 8 made of plastically deformable material can be grouped in pairs and in each group are connected with stops 6 mounted on the frame 2 and spaced in the longitudinal direction, and an emphasis 7 fixed between them with gaps Δ ′, Δ ′ ′, Δ ′ ′ ′ body 3. In this case, the inserts 8 can be located in a longitudinal holder 9, the outer ends of which are closed by the stops 6, and in its central part an opening 10 is made, in which a pusher 11 contacting with the ends of the inserts 8 is installed, which interacts with the stop 7. Each pusher 11 can to be fixed 9, th e relative to the cage, e.g., shear member 12 (Figure 4).

Inserts 8 can be made in the form of blocks of a honeycomb structure 13 (Fig. 5) made of metal or plastic (fiberglass) with cells parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carriage, as well as in the form of a set of sequentially cut elements 14 or squeezable elements 15 with relative movement of the body 3 and frame 2 of the car in an emergency (Fig.6).

During the operation of a passenger car, the loads and disturbances from interaction with the path are perceived (softened and damped) by shock absorbers 4, spring suspension on trolleys (not shown), and shock loads in the horizontal plane that arise when starting off, moving and shunting soften absorbers shock-traction devices (not shown).

In the event of an emergency (collision with an obstacle or other vehicle), regardless of the direction of the impact load (front or rear), as well as whether the passenger car is in the train or not and is it connected to the locomotive or not, energy-absorbing elements come into operation 5 . In this case, a gap Δ ′ is selected between the stop 7 and the pusher 11, the pusher 11 is released and the impact energy from the collision is absorbed by deformation of the inserts 8, ensuring the structural integrity of the body 3 and passengers pretensioners.

Information sources

1. B.K. Spiridonov, I.F. Pastukhov. "Design and calculation of wagons." M .: Engineering, 1980, pp. 64-68.

2. EP No. 0923481 B1, B61F 19/04, 1998

3. US No. 4373447, V61D 1/00, 1983

4. US No. 2728305, 105-454, 1955.

5. US No. 3082708, 105-392.5, 1963.

6. US No. 3209708, 105-454, 1965.

Claims (6)

1. The energy-absorbing device of a passenger car, containing shock absorbers installed between the frame and the car body and absorbing horizontal shock loads, energy-absorbing elements located between the stops fixed to the car frame and the car body, characterized in that each energy-absorbing element is made as an insert made of plastic deformable material connected with one of the stops and installed relative to the second stop with gaps that provide displacement of the body relative to the frame of the car during operation shock absorbers. 2. The energy-absorbing device of a passenger carriage according to claim 1, characterized in that each insert of plastically deformable material is made in the form of a honeycomb block with cells parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carriage. 3. The energy-absorbing device of a passenger carriage according to claim 1, characterized in that each insert is made in the form of a set of sequentially cut (crushed) elements during the relative movement of the body and frame of the car in an emergency. 4. The energy-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inserts of plastically deformable material are grouped in pairs, while the inserts in each group are connected with stops fixed to the carriage frame and spaced in the longitudinal direction, and between them with gaps that provide shock absorbers, an emphasis is mounted on the car body. 5. The energy-absorbing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the inserts in each group are located in a longitudinal cage, the outer ends of which are closed by stops fixed to the carriage frame, and in its central part there is an opening in which a pusher contacting with the ends of the inserts is installed, which interacts with emphasis fixed to the car body. 6. The energy-absorbing device according to claim 5, characterized in that each pusher is fixed relative to the cage.

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