RU2321393C1 - Method for treating calves at inspecific catarrhal bronchopneumonia - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with applying antibacterial preparations, expectorants and antiphlogistic phytopreparations. Moreover, as antibacterial preparation one should apply Zimun 4.24 intramuscularly, at the dosage of 0.07-0.14 ml/kg live weight once daily for the period of 5-6 d, and as expectorant and antiphlogistic preparation - Mucaltinum internally, at the dosage of about 100-150 mg/animal twice daily. As vitamins it is necessary to apply ascorbic acid internally per 5-6 g/animal during the 1^st d of therapy. As analeptic 10%-sulfocamfocaine should be applied at the dosage of 2-4 ml twice daily. The innovation excludes the application of antibacterial chemotherapeutic preparations, stimulates body weight gain in animals, normalizes respiratory function of blood, protein metabolism and inspecific resistance in calves.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of therapy.

1 ex, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and can be used in the treatment of calves suffering from non-specific catarrhal bronchopneumonia.

Known methods for treating calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia, antibacterial agents, which include the use of antibiotics, nitrofurans, sulfonamide drugs, in combination with immunostimulants, medicinal plants, novocaine blockade, autohemotherapy.

There is a method of treating calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia by intramuscular administration of oxytetracycline hydrochloride at 7 thousand units / kg 2 times a day, 20 ml of citrated blood of convalescents every other day, inside - norsulfazole at a dose of 0.03 g / kg. Along with the above treatment, symptomatic agents are prescribed to all experimental calves. Recovery occurs on the 10th day, 85% of calves recover (1).

A known method of treating calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia using subcutaneous administration of an antibiotic from the group of fluoroquinolones - baytril 10% at a dose of 2.5 ml per 100 kg of live weight once a day for 5 days in combination with symptomatic treatment. Recovery occurs in 5-7 days (3).

A known method of treating calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia using intramuscular injection of benzylpenicillin sodium salt with streptomycin at 500,000 units twice a day. Inside, ammonium chloride 2 g twice a day, 1.5 g of norsulfazole sodium once a day, 15 minutes before it is administered intramuscularly with 4 ml of a 2.4% solution of aminophylline. Intramuscularly 5 ml of citrated blood once every three days. Recovery occurs on the 8th-9th day (7).

Antibiotics adversely affect the microbiocenosis of the intestine, skin, genitalia, causing dysbiosis. Long-term use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms, which negatively affects their effectiveness. Antibiotics do not act on viruses. Under the influence of many antibiotics, there is a decrease in the immune status and productivity of calves. Antibiotics glycosides and aminoglycosides have nephro- and ototoxicity, tetracyclines - hepatotoxicity. Aromatic antibiotics are toxic to hematopoiesis. With prolonged use of sulfonamides, cross-resistance of microorganisms to all sulfonamides develops. They can cause dysbacteriosis, allergic reactions, dermatitis, neuritis, oppression of the hematopoiesis, impaired renal function up to blockage of the urinary tract. Nitrofurans cause dysbiosis, B-hypovitaminosis, allergic reactions, deaths are possible if doses are exceeded (9).

The closest analogue should be considered a method of treating calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia by injecting ciprofloxacin hydrochloride at a dose of 250 mg per head 2 times a day, inside decoction of leaves of plantain and coltsfoot (1:10) at a dose of 250 ml per head 2 times a day, subcutaneously 1 ml of trivitis 1 time per day. All drugs are used for 7 days. Recovery is observed on days 4-5 (4).

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones. It has a bactericidal effect on most gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, etc. The mechanism of action is to suppress the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA, protein on ribosomes and biochemical components of the biological membrane (8).

Fluoroquinolones adversely affect the kidneys, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and can cause tenosynovitis and candidiasis.

The purpose of the invention is the development of a highly effective, safe for animals and environmentally friendly method for the treatment of nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves, excluding the use of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs.

For the treatment of calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia, we suggest administering Zimun 4.24 intramuscularly for 5-6 days at a dose of 0.07-0.14 ml / kg in combination with mucaltin inside at a dose of 100-150 mg per head 2 times a day, ascorbic acid inside of 5-6 g per head 2 times a day, trivitum intramuscularly 2-2.5 ml per head once and sulfocamphocaine 10% at a dose of 2-4 ml 2 times a day.

Significant differences

Significant differences of the proposed method from the prototype are that the probiotic Zimun 4.24 is used as an antibacterial agent, and not the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and the analeptic sulfocamphocaine is also used.

Novelty

For the first time in the treatment of non-specific catarrhal bronchopneumonia of calves, the probiotic Zimun 4.24 is used as an antibacterial agent with parenteral administration.

Applicability (effectiveness)

The proposed method can be used to treat non-specific catarrhal bronchopneumonia of calves, both in industrial production and in private farmsteads. The economic efficiency of this method of treatment for one ruble of costs is 5.71 rubles.

Zimun 4.24, a drug developed by scientists of NPF Research Center - 1 LLC, contains a genetically modified spore biomass of bacteria Bacillus Subtilis strain 7048 and a filler. It is a clear, turbid liquid, during storage, the formation of a yellowish-white precipitate is allowed at the bottom of the bottle, which, when shaken, easily breaks into a uniform suspension. The drug has a high antagonistic activity to a wide range of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. On non-pathogenic E. coli strains does not have an antagonistic effect. In addition, the drug stimulates regeneration processes in the body, activates metabolic processes and protein biosynthesis, normalizes redox processes, increases the growth rate of young animals and the safety of animals.

According to our studies, Zimun 4.24 does not have acute and chronic toxicity; the cumulative effect does not cause anaphylactic shock, the development of septic processes and inflammatory reactions. Its long-term parenteral use in high doses does not have a damaging effect on the internal organs and blood picture of white mice, it does not have a negative effect on reproductive function and does not cause germ cell mutations.

Mucaltin (Mucaltinum) - a drug containing a mixture of polysaccharides (dry mucus) from the herb marshmallow. It has an expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect. It reduces the viscosity of sputum and contributes to its better discharge. Assign as an expectorant for acute and chronic respiratory diseases (8).

Ascorbic acid (Acidum ascorbinicum) - due to the presence of a dienol group in the molecule (-СОН-СОН-), it has the ability to redox reactions in the organic substrate, takes part in the processes of nucleic acid conversion, tyrosine oxidation, lower capillary permeability, stimulates phagocytosis, affects for carbohydrate and protein exchanges. A valuable side of the pharmacodynamics of ascorbic acid is the stabilization of sulfhydryl groups of certain enzymes, without violating their basic properties. It moderately and for a long time increases the resistance of animals to many poisons of both endogenous and exogenous origin (5).

Trivit is a combination drug in which vitamin A, vitamin D ₃ and vitamin E are given in physiologically sound proportions that have a synergistic effect on the animal's body. Its action is expressed in the normalization of metabolism, the prevention and treatment of hypo- and vitamin deficiencies A, D ₃ , E and diseases developing against their background.

Sulfocamphocaine 10% for injection (Sulfocamphocainum 10% pro injectioibus). A complex compound of sulfocamphoric acid and novocaine base, soluble in water and used in the form of a 10% solution for parenteral administration. In action, the drug is close to camphor. They are used for the prevention and treatment of heart and respiratory failure, with infectious diseases, etc. (8).

The proposed method for the treatment of nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves involves the parenteral administration of Zimun 4.24 at a dose of 0.07-0.14 ml / kg in combination with mucaltin inside at a dose of 100-150 mg per head 2 times a day, ascorbic acid inside, 5-6 g per head 2 times a day, intramuscularly with trivitis 2-2.5 ml per head once and sulfocamphocaine 10% in a dose of 2-4 ml 2 times a day.

Execution example

To implement the proposed method of treatment, 2 series of scientific and production experiments were carried out.

At the first stage, various dosages and routes of administration of Zimun 4.24 were tested in combination with mucaltin, ascorbic acid and trivit in the treatment of calves nonspecific bronchopneumonia. For animals of the 1st group, Zimun 4.24 intramuscular injection at a dose of 0.035 ml / kg live weight twice a day was used as the main treatment. Group 2 calves were injected intramuscularly with a dose of 0.07 ml / kg body weight once a day. Calves of the 3rd group intramuscularly at a dose of 0.14 ml / kg of live weight once a day. Calves of the 4th group were administered intravenously Zimun 4.24 at a dose of 0.017 ml / kg of live weight twice a day, the 5th group - intravenously 0.035 ml / kg of live weight once a day, the 6th group of calves - 0.07 ml / kg of live weight intravenously once a day (table 1). Healthy calves served as control.

Table 1 1. Scheme for the introduction of Zimun 4.24 calves of experimental groups Group Route of administration Dose per 1 kg of oil.m, ml Multiplicity n one intramuscularly 0,035 2 times a day 5 2 intramuscularly 0,07 Once a day 5 3 intramuscularly 0.14 Once a day 5 four intravenously 0.017 2 times a day 5 5 intravenously 0,035 Once a day 5 6 intravenously 0,07 Once a day 5

The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated according to the results of a clinical examination of calves. Morphological and biochemical blood tests were performed before and on the 10th day after treatment.

After treatment of calves of all groups, positive changes occurred in the clinical status, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and its serum, indicating a favorable course of the healing process and stimulation of biochemical processes in the calf's body. This effect is less pronounced after treatment of calves 1 and 4 of the experimental groups. As a result of treatment of calves of the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th groups, a similar result was obtained. Due to the complexity and a certain risk arising from a violation of the method of intravenous administration of drugs, the most acceptable is the use of Zimun 4.24 intramuscularly. With further study of the therapeutic efficacy of Zimun 4.24, doses of 0.07 and 0.14 ml / kg body weight were determined.

At the second stage, the efficacy of Zimun 4.24 and antibiotic therapy in combination with symptomatic treatment for nonspecific calf bronchopneumonia was compared. Based on the study of antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from the pathological material of calves of patients with bronchopneumonia, the antibiotic ciprofloxacin was chosen for treatment.

According to the results of a previous experiment to determine the optimal doses and methods of administration of Zimun 4.24, 4 groups of experimental animals were formed, 5 animals each. Healthy animals served as control.

Group 1 calves were treated with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin - inside at a dose of 250 mg per head 2 times a day in combination with mucaltin, ascorbic acid and trivit in the above doses. Group 2 calves were administered intramuscular injection of Zimun 4.24 at a dose of 0.07 ml / kg body weight once a day. Calves 3 groups Zimun 4.24 was administered the same way, but with a multiplicity of 2 times a day. Calves of 4 groups were treated with Zimun 4.24 intramuscularly at a dose of 0.14 ml / kg of live weight once a day. Animals of all groups received symptomatic treatment similar to the previous experiment. Drugs were administered until complete clinical recovery.

During the experiment, the clinical condition was taken into account. Before treatment, after 30 and 60 days, control weighing of calves of all groups was performed. Before treatment and 15 days after the first day of therapy, morphological and biochemical blood tests were performed. To study the natural resistance of calves, the phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils and the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum were determined. To determine the overall immunological reactivity in animals, an intradermal test with histamine was used according to D.D. Novak (1965) (6).

During the treatment of calves of the 1st group, signs of improvement in the general condition were manifested on days 4-6. By this time, all calves had markedly improved appetite, normalized indicators of temperature, pulse and respiration, flow from the nasal passages became more scarce. Cough and wheezing in all calves completely stopped on the 6-7th day of therapy. Clinical recovery of all animals from the group was recorded on 7.0 ± 0.45 days.

Treatment of calves of the 2nd group using a regimen including the introduction of Zimun 4.24 at a dose of 0.07 ml / kg body weight once a day was accompanied by a faster recovery. Thus, temperature, pulse and respiration in all calves corresponded to healthy animals already 3-4 days after the start of treatment. Expiration from the nasal passages, coughing and wheezing stopped on the 4th day. Clinical recovery was recorded on 4.8 ± 0.20 days.

In the treatment of calves of the 3rd group there were no visible differences compared with the clinical recovery of animals of the 2nd group. The temperature indices in them normalized on average 12 hours earlier than in calves of the 2nd group. Clinical recovery was recorded on 4.4 ± 0.40 days.

Clinical recovery in calves in the 4th group occurred on 4.4 ± 0.31 days. Significant differences in the healing process between animals from the 2nd and 3rd groups were not observed.

During the treatment of calves of all groups, significant changes in the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood occurred. The severity of these changes varies depending on the prescribed therapy.

Indicators reflecting the state of the respiratory function of the blood are shown in table 2.

The table shows that after treatment of calves of the 1st group with the use of ciprofloxacin, there is an increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood by 16.8% compared with the indicator before treatment, the number of red blood cells increases by 2.5%. Compared to healthy animals, the difference is not significant. The color index, which is lower than the physiological norm in sick calves, after therapy increases by 19.3%, and the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte increases by 19.6%. The listed indicators are significantly lower than those in healthy animals, while they correspond to standard values.

table 2 2. Blood counts of calves on the 15th day after the start of treatment Indicators Statistical indicators Groups The control Experience Healthy one 2 3 four Hemoglobin, X ± S _x 98.7 ± 5.28 108.5 ± 6.59 109.6 ± 5.91 111.0 ± 6.64 109.2 ± 6.46 g / l % - +9.9 +11.04 +12.5 + 10.6 Red blood cells X ± S _x 5.97 ± 0.10 6.27 ± 0.16 6.22 ± 0.14 6.29 ± 0.16 6.24 ± 0.12 10 ¹² l % - +5.03 +4.2 +5.4 +4.5 Color X ± S _x 0.99 ± 0.01 1.04 ± 0.01 * 1.06 ± 0.02 * 1.06 ± 0.01 * 1.05 ± 0.01 * indicator % - +5.1 +7.1 +7.1 + 6.1 SGE, pg X ± S _x 16.5 ± 0.14 17.3 ± 0.13 * 17.6 ± 0.16 * 17.6 ± 0.15 * 17.5 ± 0.12 * % - +4.8 +6.7 +6.7 + 6.1 Note: * the difference between experience and control is significant

As a result of treatment of animals of the 2nd group, there is an increase in the number of hemoglobin, red blood cells, color index, and the average hemoglobin content in one red blood cell by 31.2%, 4.3%, 26.8%, 27.2%, respectively. Moreover, compared with animals from group 1, these values are higher by 9.9%, 5.03%, 5.1%, 4.8%, respectively. In relation to indicators of healthy animals, the difference is not significant.

Blood counts of calves of the 3rd and 4th groups correspond to the values of calves from the 2nd group. The hemoglobin content increases compared with the pre-treatment parameters by 32 and 24.8%, respectively, of red blood cells by 6.0 and 1.3%, the color index increases by 24.7 and 23.5%, and the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte by 24.8 and 23.2%.

After treatment of calves of the 1st group with the use of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic, there is a significant decrease in the total number of leukocytes by 39.9% compared with sick animals and by 23.6% compared with healthy animals. In the leukogram, shifts are occurring aimed at increasing the percentage of basophils and neutrophils, especially stab stabs and lowering lymphocytes and monocytes. Compared with indicators of healthy animals, the phenomena of eosinopenia, neutrophilia with a left shift of the nucleus and monocytopenia are noted, however, compared with the normative indicators (2), only a slight eosinopenia and an increase in stab neutrophils to 8.2 ± 0.28% are observed (norm 2-5 %). The indicated changes in the leukogram are characteristic of animals with reduced immunity and antitoxic function.

After treatment of the calves of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups, the number of leukocytes and the leukogram change in the same way, the difference in the indicators is not significant. Compared with indicators before treatment, there is a decrease in the total number of leukocytes by 35.5; 20.9 and 31.8%, respectively. Compared with calves of the 1st group, the number of leukocytes increased by 9.6-14.6%, compared with healthy lower by 7.3-11.4%, which is the norm. In the leukogram of calves of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups after treatment, there is a decrease in basophils, eosinophils, young and stab neutrophils; increase in the proportion of lymphocytes and monocytes and slightly segmented neutrophils.

Compared with animals from the 1st group, the number of eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was significantly increased; the number of stab and segmented neutrophils is reduced. Compared with a group of healthy calves, the number of segmented neutrophils was significantly reduced; increased number of lymphocytes and monocytes. The listed changes in the number and composition of leukocytes indicate a favorable outcome of the disease and an increase in the body's defenses in calves, where Zimun 4.24 was used for treatment.

The results of studies of indicators of protein metabolism are shown in table 3. From the table it follows that in all groups there were positive shifts indicating the normalization of protein metabolism in the body. So, after treatment of calves of the 1st group, the content of total protein in blood serum increased by 3.8%, and β-lipoproteins decreased by 7.3%. Compared to healthy animals, indicators are unreliable. The ratio of protein fractions after treatment is aimed at increasing the proportion of albumin to 41.6%, α-globulins by 11.6% and reducing γ-globulins by 24.2%. Compared with healthy animals, the percentage of α and β-globulins is significantly increased.

Table 3 3. Indicators of protein metabolism of calves on the 15th day after the start of treatment Indicators Statistical indicators Groups Healthy The control Experience one 2 3 four Total protein X ± S _x 64.37 ± 0.65 73.50 ± 0.59 * 75.12 ± 0.67 * 75.00 ± 0.68 * 70.17 ± 0.81 * g / l % - +14.2 +16.7 +16.5 +9.0 Albumin,% X ± S _x 38.2 ± 0.46 44.6 ± 1.01 * 40.2 ± 0.66 * 47.3 ± 1.24 * 41.4 ± 1.01 * % - +16.8 +5.2 +23.8 +8.4 α-globulins,% X ± S _x 24.1 ± 0.57 16.2 ± 0.49 * 17.7 ± 0.58 * 15.3 ± 0.44 * 20.1 ± 0.48 * % - -32.8 -26.6 -36.5 -16.6 β-globulins,% X ± S _x 15.3 ± 0.58 11.6 ± 0.81 * 14.6 ± 0.54 11.0 ± 1.13 * 12.8 ± 0.71 * % - -24.2 -4.6 -28.1 -16.3 γ-globulins,% X ± S _x 21.3 ± 1.46 29.6 ± 1.12 * 29.4 ± 1.56 * 27.6 ± 1.21 * 25.4 ± 1.24 % - +39.0 +38.0 +29.6 +19.2 β-lipoproteins, mg% X ± S _x 146.8 ± 2.19 136.1 ± 3.27 * 132.4 ± 4.12 * 137.6 ± 3.01 * 130.4 ± 3.21 * % - -7.3 -9.8 -6.3 -11.2 Note: * the difference between experience and control is significant

After treatment of the calves of the 2nd group, the changes are of the same orientation as in the 1st group, but the severity is more reliable. So, the amount of total protein increases by 11.1%, β-lipoproteins decreases by 8.7%. The indicators are higher in comparison with healthy animals by 4.7% and 4.4%, respectively. The proportion of albumin increases by 30.8%, while α and β-globulins decrease by 27.7% and 28.4%, respectively. Compared with calves of the 1st group, the proportion of albumin and γ-globulins was significantly increased, and α and β-globulins were reduced. The difference in protein metabolism compared with a group of healthy calves is not significant.

After treatment of group 3 calves, the amount of total protein in the blood serum increases by 21.1%, and β-lipoproteins decreases by 12.0%. Compared with the indicators of calves of the 1st group, the protein is 16.7% more, and β-lipoproteins 9.8% less. The ratio of protein fractions after treatment changes in the direction of increasing the proportion of albumin by 24.5%, reducing globulins: α-globulins by 14.9%, β-globulins by 39.9% and γ-globulins by 6.8%. Compared with calves of group 1, the share of albumin significantly increased by 5.2% and γ-globulins by 38.0%, and α globulins decreased by 26.1%.

The indicators of protein metabolism of calves of the 4th group 14 days after therapy do not have significant differences from the indicators of calves of the 2nd and 3rd groups. So, the amount of total protein increases by 18.2%, β-lipoproteins decreases by 14.5%. The proportion of albumin increases by 53.1%, while α, β and γ-globulins decrease by 33.5, 32.5 and 5.8%, respectively.

The indicated changes in indicators of protein metabolism are undoubtedly a favorable sign of animal health, and they are more pronounced during therapy with Zimun 4.24.

Significant changes also occur in other biochemical parameters of blood serum, reflecting the state of carbohydrate, mineral metabolism and the activity of transamination enzymes (Table 4).

Table 4 4. Biochemical parameters of blood serum of calves after treatment Indicators Statistical indicators Groups Healthy The control Experience one 2 3 four Glucose, mmol / L X ± S _x 1.87 ± 0.15 2.16 ± 0.20 2.10 ± 0.24 2.08 ± 0.18 2.21 ± 0.17 % - +15.5 + 12.3 +11.2 +18.2 Total calcium, mmol / l X ± S _x 2.19 ± 0.09 2.17 ± 0.08 2.21 ± 0.09 2.14 ± 0.06 2.27 ± 0.06 % - -0.9 +0.9 -2.3 +3.7 Inorganic phosphorus, mmol / l X ± S _x 1.86 ± 0.06 1.81 ± 0.06 1.86 ± 0.05 1.87 ± 0.07 1.85 ± 0.05 % - -2.7 - -0.5 -0.5 ALAT, mmol / l X ± S _x 0.54 ± 0.07 0.45 ± 0.09 0.41 ± 0.08 0.42 ± 0.10 0.36 ± 0.08 % - -16.7 -24.1 -22.2 -33.3 ASaT, mmol / l X ± S _x 0.84 ± 0.16 0.68 ± 0.18 0.67 ± 0.15 0.70 ± 0.18 0.69 ± 0.15 % - -19.0 -20.2 -16.7 -17.9 Alkaline reserve, vol.% CO ₂ X ± S _x 47.1 ± 2.6 45.4 ± 2.1 46.5 ± 1.18 46.1 ± 2.0 46.6 ± 2.0 % - -3.6 -1.3 -2.12 -1.1 Note: * the difference between experience and control is significant

From the table it follows that after treatment of calves of the 1st group there is an increase in the level of glucose in blood serum by 28.1%, total calcium by 6.8%, inorganic phosphorus by 2.2% and alkaline reserve by 14.6%; a decrease in the activity of ALaT and ASaT enzymes by 40.7 and 7.7%. The difference in performance compared to healthy animals is not significant.

Changes in the biochemical parameters of blood serum in calves of groups 2, 3, and 4 differ significantly from each other. After treatment, similar changes occur as after treatment of calves of the 1st group. So, in calves of groups 2, 3 and 4, on the 15th day after the start of therapy, an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood serum occurs, respectively, by 34.2; 40.0 and 42.5%, total calcium 5.9; 9.4 and 15.8% and an alkaline reserve of 10.5; 20.5 and 22.6%; a decrease in the activity of ALaT enzymes by 31.8; 33.9 and 43.7% and ACaT by 19.0; 20.2 and 19.5%. The difference in performance compared with healthy animals does not have significant differences.

Indicators of non-specific resistance of calves on the 15th day after the start of treatment are shown in table 5.

Table 5 5. Indicators of non-specific resistance of calves after treatment Indicators Statistical indicators Groups Healthy The control Experience one 2 3 four LASK,% X ± S _x 27.0 ± 1.21 48.6 ± 2.12 * 52.2 ± 1.97 * 53.6 ± 2.10 * 38.4 ± 2.06 * % - +80.0 +93.3 +98.5 +42.2 BASK,% X ± S _x 58.4 ± 2.06 90.7 ± 1.76 * 91.6 ± 2.08 * 91.4 ± 1.84 * 54.8 ± 2.14 * % - +55.3 +56.8 +56.5 -6.2 Phagocytic X ± S _x 38.2 ± 1.59 64.6 ± 3.49 * 66.4 ± 2.59 * 65.1 ± 2.87 * 46.6 ± 2.11 * activity,% % - +69.1 +73.8 +70.4 +22.0 Phagocytic X ± S _x 1.14 ± 0.05 2.32 ± 0.07 * 2.18 ± 0.09 * 2.41 ± 0.06 * 1.59 ± 0.04 * index % - +103.5 +91.2 +111.4 +39.5 Phagocytic X ± S _x 2.95 ± 0.03 3.47 ± 0.17 * 3.28 ± 0.09 * 3.70 ± 0.09 * 3.46 ± 0.17 * number % - +17.6 +11.2 +25.4 +17.3 Note: * the difference between experience and control is significant

From table 5 it follows that after treatment of calves of the 1st group there is a decrease in lysozyme activity of blood serum by 40% and an increase in bactericidal activity by 31.2%. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils decreases by 33.1%, the phagocytic index by 22.4%, the phagocytic number by 42.4%. Compared with healthy animals, there is a decrease in the lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index and phagocytic number, respectively, by 42.2; 22.0; 39.5 and 17.3%.

The detected changes in these parameters after treatment with ciprofloxacin indicate that they suppress cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance of calves. The increase under the action of ciprofloxacin of the bactericidal activity of blood serum is possibly associated with the circulation of its products in the body of calves.

After treatment of group 2 calves, there is an increase in serum lysozyme activity by 92.8%, blood serum bactericidal activity by 90.1% and cellular factors of nonspecific resistance: phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index by 107.7 and 70.6%, respectively . The phagocytic number is reduced by 20.6%, which indicates a decrease in the aggressiveness of white blood cells.

Compared with non-specific resistance indicators from the group of healthy animals, the serum lysozyme activity is increased by 26.6%, bactericidal activity by 65.5%, and phagocytic activity is higher by 38.6%.

Comparing the indicators of nonspecific resistance of calves of the 2nd group with those of the 1st group, there is a significant increase in cellular and humoral immunity factors: lysozyme activity of blood serum by 80.0%, bactericidal activity of blood serum by 55.3% and phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 69 ,one%.

After treatment of calves of the 3rd group, there is a significant increase in lysozyme activity of blood serum by 133%, bactericidal activity of blood serum by 92.8% and phagocytic activity by 140.6%. Compared with non-specific resistance indicators from the group of healthy animals, the serum lysozyme activity is increased by 35.9%, bactericidal activity by 67.2%, and phagocytic activity is higher by 42.5%.

Comparing the indicators of nonspecific resistance of calves of the 3rd and 1st group, there is a significant increase in the lysozyme activity of blood serum by 93.3%, bactericidal activity of blood serum by 56.8% and phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 73.8%.

Compared with the indicators of calves of the 2nd group, there is an insignificant increase in the lysozyme, bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity, and the phagocytic number and phagocytic index are slightly lower in calves in the 3rd group, which may indicate a slightly lower intensity of phagocytosis and leukocyte aggressiveness by background of greater phagocytic activity.

Analyzing the indicators of natural resistance of calves of the 4th group, we can note their unreliable difference from the indicators of calves of the 2nd and 3rd groups. So, after treatment there is an increase in serum lysozyme activity by 123.3%, serum bactericidal activity by 100.4% and phagocytic activity by 87.5%.

Compared with the indicators of natural resistance of group 1 calves, they significantly increase all indicators, namely, lysozyme activity of blood serum by 98.5%, bactericidal activity of blood serum by 56.5%, phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 70.4% a phagocytic index of 111.4% and a phagocytic number of 25.4%.

An intracutaneous histamine test was used to determine the total immunological reactivity in animals. A histamine test was performed before treatment, 5, 15, and 30 days after the first day of treatment.

Before treatment, in patients with experimental calves, thickening of the skin fold by 1.3-1.5 mm was observed, which is assessed as a negative reaction, indicating a weakened immune background. In healthy individuals, the thickening was 2.8 mm, which indicates an average degree of severity of the level of natural resistance.

On the 5th day after the first day of treatment in the calves of the 1st group, the thickening of the skin fold remains at the same level (1.4 ± 0.62 mm), on the 15th day it becomes slightly lower (0.9 ± 0.82 mm), and on day 30 it will rise again to its initial level (1.4 ± 0.67 mm). That is, within 30 days after the start of treatment with the use of ciprofloxacin in animals, low immunological reactivity is observed.

After treatment of calves of the 2nd group, on the 5th day after the start of treatment, a significant thickening of the skin fold occurs up to 6.5 ± 0.60 mm, which indicates a high degree of the body's defenses. On days 15 and 30, a gradual decrease in the level of immunological reactivity occurs, which is expressed by thickening to 5.9 ± 0.64 and 3.2 ± 0.46 mm, respectively.

On the 5th day of therapy with Zimun 4.24 calves of the 3rd group, the thickening rises to 6.2 ± 0.80 mm, which indicates a positive reaction. On the 15th day, the indicator remains at the same high level of 6.2 ± 0.52 mm, and on the 30th day it decreases to 4.4 ± 0.66 mm.

After treatment of the calves of the 4th group, a stimulation of the body's defenses also occurred, expressed in the thickening of the skin fold after intradermal administration of a 0.1% histamine solution. So, on the 5th day after the start of treatment, the thickening was 5.5 ± 0.63 mm, on the 15th day 3.6 ± 0.53 mm and on the 30th day it decreased to an average positive reaction, amounting to 2.4 ± 0.58 mm.

Assessing the results of the histamine test, we can conclude that under the influence of ciprofloxacin, the general immunological reactivity of the body is inhibited, and the use of Zimun 4.24 has a stimulating effect on the natural resistance of calves. Moreover, intramuscular administration of Zimun 4.24 at a dose of 0.07 ml / kg of live weight 2 times a day has a longer stimulating effect than the use of a similar dose once a day, and a slightly less pronounced reaction is observed with a dose of 0.14 ml / kg side of the immune system.

To assess productivity, calves were weighed before treatment, on days 30 and 60 after treatment. Data on live weight gain and daily average growth are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

Table 6 6. The increase in live weight of calves before and after treatment Groups Live weight kg before treatment 30 days after the start of treatment 60 days after the start of treatment Healthy 78.42 ± 2.14 91.36 ± 2.40 103.30 ± 2.56 one 71.05 ± 2.10 79.24 ± 2.34 89.91 ± 2.65 2 69.84 ± 2.27 80.31 ± 2.52 95.20 ± 2.47 3 70.48 ± 2.56 81.16 ± 2.29 96.32 ± 2.29 four 67.93 ± 2.61 79.52 ± 2.31 94.52 ± 2.58

Table 7 7. The average daily gain in live weight of calves before and after treatment Groups The average daily gain in live weight, kg before treatment 30 days after the start of treatment 60 days after the start of treatment Healthy 0.430 ± 0.020 0.430 ± 0.010 0.410 ± 0.019 one 0.153 ± 0.007 0.280 ± 0.020 0.363 ± 0.030 2 0.148 ± 0.011 0.360 ± 0.021 0.504 ± 0.022 3 0.150 ± 0.008 0.372 ± 0.009 0.517 ± 0.013 four 0.149 ± 0.006 0.392 ± 0.011 0.515 ± 0.021

The average daily gain in live weight in sick calves is almost 3 times lower than in healthy ones. 30 days after treatment, a significant increase occurs. So, 30 days after the start of treatment of calves of the 1st group, the average daily gain in live weight is 0.280 ± 0.02 kg, which is 83% higher than before treatment. 60 days after treatment, the growth rate increases by another 28.6%, but does not reach the rate of healthy animals. The difference in live weight on the 60th day after the start of treatment of the calves of the 1st group and healthy animals is 13.39 ± 3.69 kg.

After treatment of calves of the 2nd group, the average daily gain in body weight on the 30th day after the start of treatment is increased by 143.2%, and on the 60th day by another 40%. Compared with the indicator of sick calves, the total average daily gain in live weight over 60 days is 240.5%.

Comparing the daily average growth rates for 30 and 60 days of calves of the first two groups, we can say that in calves of the 2nd group, the latter are higher by 28.6 and 38.8%, respectively. On the 60th day after the start of treatment, the average daily gain in live weight of calves of the 2nd group is higher than that of healthy animals by 22.9%, and live weight is less by 7.8%.

After treatment of calves of the 3rd and 4th groups, the growth rate is higher than in the 2nd group, respectively, by 3.3 and 8.9% after 30 days and by 2.6 and 2.2% after 60 days after the start of treatment .

Thus, Zimun 4.24, when administered intramuscularly in combination with symptomatic treatment, has a pronounced therapeutic effect in acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia of calves. The most effective and economically feasible was the use of Zimun 4.24 at a dose of 0.07-0.14 ml / kg of live weight once a day for 5 days. When using this method of treatment, stimulation of gain in live weight, respiratory function of the blood, protein metabolism and nonspecific resistance of calves is stimulated. Treatment of nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves with ciprofloxacin in combination with symptomatic treatment is less effective than Zimun 4.24. Under the influence of ciprofloxacin, inhibition of nonspecific resistance and liver function of calves occurs.

Information sources

1. Abdullaev M.G. Treatment of calf bronchopneumonia / M.G. Abdullaev, A.T. Mamedov // Actual problems of diseases of young animals in modern conditions: International scientific and practical conference. Conference proceedings. Voronezh, September 23-25, 2002 / Voronezh State University, 2002. - P.54-56.

2. Karput I.M. Hematological atlas of agricultural animals. - Mn .: Urajay, 1986 .-- 183 p.

3. Klenova I.F. Veterinary preparations in Russia: Reference book / I.F.Klenova, N.A. Yaremenko. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 2000 .-- 544 p.

4. Miftahutdinov A.V., Miftahutdinov N.T. The effectiveness of the treatment of nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves. Information leaflet of TSNTI No. 83-142-02, 2002.

5. Brains I.E. Pharmacology. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985 .-- 416 p. - (Textbooks and study guides for students of higher educational institutions).

6. Plyashchenko S.I. Natural resistance of the animal organism / S.I. Plyashchenko, V.T. Sidorov. - L .: Kolos, 1979.- 184 p.

7. Polozyuk O.N. Treatment of calves with bronchopneumonia / O.N. Polozyuk, A.S. Lysuho, T.N. Lysuho // Actual problems of young animals diseases in modern conditions: International scientific and practical conference. Conference proceedings. Voronezh, September 23-25, 2002 / Voronezh State University, 2002. - P. 494-495.

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Claims (1)

A method for treating calves suffering from non-specific catarrhal bronchopneumonia, including the use of an antibacterial agent, expectorant and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies, characterized in that Zimun 4.24 is used as an antibacterial agent intramuscularly, at a dose of 0.07-0.14 ml / kg live weight once every day for 5-6 days, as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent mucaltinum inside, at a dose of 100-150 mg per head 2 times a day, as vitamins ascorbic acid inside 5-6 g per head 2 r for a day, Trivia intramuscularly at a dose of 2-2.5 ml per head once on the first day of therapy, as an analeptic sulfokamfokain 10% at a dose of 2-4 ml, 2 times a day.