RU2320975C1 - Method of measuring density of sea water at high depths from submarine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydrophysics.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises measuring salinity, temperature, and pressure of sea water. The temperature and pressure of sea water are measured with the use of a probe that is delivered from the submarine. The specific electrical conductivity, temperature, and pressure of sea water are measured by means of transducer of specific electrical conductivity of sea water, temperature transducer, and pressure gage, respectively. Before delivering, the measuring means of the probe are calibrated.

EFFECT: enhanced precision.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of research of hydrophysical parameters of sea water and can be used to measure the density of sea water.

The practice of modern oceanographic research shows that in solving a number of problems, precision measurements and operational processing of various hydrophysical information in real time on board the equipment carrier during long-term operation are necessary. The main goal of such studies is to build information maps of hydrological fields, study their temporal and spatial variability, fine structure, identify abnormal hydrophysical zones, etc.

The effectiveness of oceanological research is determined by the technical characteristics of the measuring equipment used - the range of measurements of hydrophysical parameters, sensitivity, measurement error, as well as the reliability of the measuring instruments and the state of their metrological support.

Various systems are known for analyzing the state of the marine environment [1-10], containing transducers of hydrochemical and physical parameters of the aquatic environment and recording equipment. The equipment provides the collection and processing of data from transducers of hydrophysical parameters and the registration of processing results.

A device for controlling water pollution, disclosed in the description of the invention [11], comprising a conductivity sensor, a temperature sensor, a hydrogen indicator, a redox sensor, an ion-selective sensor and a dissolved oxygen sensor. This device allows you to increase the reliability of the control of water pollution by expanding the functionality by classifying pollution into groups.

One of the main parameters of sea water is its density. It is known that the density of sea water depends on its salinity, temperature and hydrostatic pressure. Therefore, the method of measuring the density of sea water includes measuring the salinity of sea water, its temperature and hydrostatic pressure, followed by calculation of the density according to known formulas. The indicated parameters of seawater can be measured using a bathometer probe, through which deep seawater samples are taken, its temperature and pressure are measured, followed by the determination of the salinity of sea water on board the vessel.

The disadvantages of this method of measuring density are the large complexity and low measurement efficiency.

Closest to the proposed and selected as a prototype is a method of measuring the density of sea water, disclosed in the description of the measuring system of the chemical-physical parameters of the aquatic environment automatic [12], including measuring the temperature, pressure and electrical conductivity of sea water using a system containing at least at least one converter of hydrochemical and physical parameters of the aqueous medium, including a contact converter of the specific electrical conductivity of the aqueous medium, a transform a temperature converter, a converter of a hydrogen indicator, a converter of a value of redox potential, a reference electrode, a converter of mass concentration of dissolved oxygen, a depth converter, an autonomous bipolar source of supply voltage, energizing voltage followers included in a converter of a hydrogen indicator, a converter of a value of redox potential and a reference electrode, and an analog-to-digital converter with an int controller RS-485 interface at the output, as well as an electronic computer (PC) connected to the converter of hydrophysical parameters of the marine environment with a keyboard connected to a computer input-output for connecting a keyboard and an information display device (UOI) connected to a computer output for connecting UOI, while the primary measuring transducers of the contact transducer of electrical conductivity of the aqueous medium, the temperature transducer, the transducer of the hydrogen indicator, the transducer value oxidize flax-reduction potential, a transformer of the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen and a depth transducer, as well as a reference electrode common to the transducer of the hydrogen index and the transducer, the values of the redox potential are installed in front of the sealed cylindrical body of the transducer of hydrochemical and physical parameters of the aqueous medium made of material resistant to aggressive environment, primary measuring transducer (PIP) contact the transducer of electrical conductivity of the aqueous medium has the shape of a streamlined body of revolution, located coaxially with the transducer housing of the hydrochemical and physical parameters of the aquatic environment and contains a pair of current electrodes, one of which is circular and located in the nose of the PIP of the contact transducer of electrical conductivity, and the other is formed by the housing PIP contact transducer specific electrical conductivity, and a pair of ring potential electrodes located between the current by electrodes aligned with these electrodes and isolated from one another and from the current electrodes, the PIP of the temperature transducer is made of a thin insulated copper wire located between two hollow thin-walled cylinders, one of which is formed by a protrusion in the body of the PIP of the temperature transducer, and the other is hermetically sealed, mainly laser-welded welding, with the first hollow thin-walled cylinder and the housing of the PIP of the temperature transducer, in which inclined holes are made for the flow of fluid inside of the first hollow thin-walled cylinder, the PIP of the converter of the hydrogen indicator is made in the form of an electrode for determining the hydrogen indicator, to which the voltage follower of the electrode for determining the hydrogen indicator is connected, the PIP of the converter of the value of the redox potential is made in the form of a platinum electrode to determine the value of the redox potential, to to which a platinum electrode voltage follower is connected to determine the oxidation reduction value Of potential potential, the PIP of the transducer of the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen is made in the form of a two-electrode cell for determining the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen, the current-voltage transducer is connected to the output of it, the PIP of the depth transducer is made in the form of a tensometric bridge pressure transducer, primary measuring transducers of the temperature transducer, the transducer of hydrogen indicator converter of the value of redox potential , a mass oxygen concentration transducer and a depth transducer, as well as a reference electrode are located in the front of the sealed cylindrical body of the transducer of hydrochemical and physical parameters of the aqueous medium around the PIP of the contact transducer of electrical conductivity of the aqueous medium, the outputs of the contact transducer of electrical conductivity of the aqueous medium, temperature transducer, hydrogen indicator converter, oxidation value converter the restoration potential, the reference electrode, the mass oxygen concentration transducer and the depth transducer are connected to the inputs of the analog-to-digital transducer, the input-output of the RS-485 interface controller is connected by a serial communication channel to the corresponding input-output of an electronic computer, which is calculated using data received from the transducer of hydrochemical-physical parameters of the aquatic environment, determines the density of sea water, and also implements processed measurement results, archiving and documentation of measurement data.

The disadvantages of the prototype method is the limited depth at which measurements are possible, determined by the immersion depth of the medium on which the system is installed.

The problem solved by the invention is the creation of a method for measuring the density of sea water at great depths without the need to immerse the carrier at this depth.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the method of measuring the density of sea water at great depths consists in measuring the salinity of sea water, the temperature of sea water and pressure, while the density of sea water is determined by calculation, the measurement of salinity of sea water is carried out at a depth exceeding the depth of galaklin using measuring instruments located on an underwater carrier, the temperature of sea water and pressure are measured using a probe, and when calculating the density of sea water, the value salinity is taken equal to the value of salinity, measured using measuring instruments located on an underwater carrier.

The probe may be towed using an underwater vehicle, or a breakaway probe may be used.

The probe is dropped from the underwater carrier. Before dropping the breakaway probe, calibrate the measuring instruments located on the probe according to the measuring instruments located on the underwater carrier.

The method can be implemented using a system for the density of sea water, containing placed on an underwater carrier transducer of electrical conductivity of seawater, a temperature transducer, pressure transducer connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), while the transducer of electrical conductivity of sea water contains primary measuring transducer (PIP) of electrical conductivity of sea water and measuring amplifier, temperature transducer with holds a temperature PIP and a measuring amplifier, the pressure transmitter contains a pressure PIP and a measuring amplifier, the ADC output is connected to a computing device, as well as containing an intermittent probe or a towed probe, on which there are a probe temperature PIP and a probe pressure PIP, the outputs of which are connected to measuring amplifiers, located on an underwater carrier, the outputs of which are connected to the ADC, the output of the computing device is the data output of the system for measuring the density of sea water.

The method can also be implemented using a system for measuring the density of sea water, containing a transducer of electrical conductivity of sea water placed on an underwater carrier, a temperature transducer, a pressure transducer connected to the ADC, while the transducer of electrical conductivity of sea water contains a PIC of electrical conductivity of sea water and a measuring amplifier, a temperature converter contains a temperature PIP and a measuring amplifier, a converter The pressure transmitter contains a pressure PIP and a measuring amplifier, the ADC output is connected to a computing device, as well as containing a breakaway probe or a towed probe, on which the probe temperature PIP and probe pressure PIP are located, the outputs of which are connected to measuring amplifiers located also on the probe, the outputs of which connected to the ADC of the probe, the output of the ADC of the probe is the output of a digital communication channel and connected to the corresponding input of the computing device, the output of the computing device is the system data output emy for measuring the density of seawater.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict a functional diagram of a system for measuring the hydrophysical parameters of sea water (two options). Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of a system for measuring the hydrophysical parameters of sea water, in which the probe is connected to an underwater carrier by an analog communication channel, and figure 2 shows a functional diagram of a system for measuring the hydrophysical parameters of sea water, in which the probe is connected to an underwater carrier by digital communication channel.

In the drawings indicated:

1 - PIP specific electrical conductivity of sea water;

2 - measuring amplifier;

3 - transducer of electrical conductivity of sea water;

4 - PIP temperature;

5 - measuring amplifier;

6 - temperature transducer;

7 - PIP pressure;

8 - measuring amplifier;

9 - pressure transducer;

10 - ADC;

11 - computing device;

12 - PIP probe temperature;

13 - PIP pressure probe;

14 - breakaway probe;

15 - measuring amplifier;

16 - measuring amplifier;

17 - data output;

18 - ADC probe.

As the computing device 11, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, or an electronic computer (computer) can be used. The computing device 11 may be equipped with input and output devices that allow you to display the measurement results and set various measurement modes.

Measuring amplifiers 2, 5, 8, 15, 16 are made according to known schemes, for example, in the form of bridge amplifiers.

In the system according to the scheme of figure 2, the ADC 18 of the probe is made in the form of an ADC with a built-in adapter for a digital communication channel. In this case, the probe 14 has its own autonomous power source.

The data obtained by means of measuring instruments located on the probe can be transmitted via a wireless sonar communication channel.

The method is implemented as follows. The submarine carrier sinks to a depth greater than the depth of galaklin. The electrical conductivity of sea water, temperature and pressure are measured using a transducer 3 of specific electrical conductivity of sea water, a temperature transducer 6, and a pressure transducer 9, respectively. The measurement results are converted into digital form in the ADC 10 and transmitted to the computing device 11. Using the probe 12 of the probe temperature and probe 13 of the probe pressure, as well as measuring amplifiers 15 and 16, temperature and pressure are also measured. The measurement results are also converted into digital form in the ADC 10 and transmitted to the computing device 11. The computing device 11, based on the data received from the temperature transducer 6 and the pressure transducer 9, calculates corrections for the measurements made by the probe 14. Corrections can be calculated, for example, as the difference between the values obtained using the probe measuring means and the values obtained using the underwater media. For further measurements by means of the probe, values equal to the difference between the values obtained from the means of measurement of the probe and the calculated corrections are used.

Computing device 11 calculates the salinity of sea water. Salinity is calculated on the scale of practical salinity (ShPS-78) as follows:

the dependence of the relative electrical conductivity of normal water solutions on temperature r _T is determined:

where χ is the electrical conductivity, mS / cm;

T is the temperature, ° C;

the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the relative conductivity R _p is determined:

where R is the relative electrical conductivity of water with salinity S [‰], temperature T [° С] at a pressure p [MPa] with respect to a standard KCl solution at 15 ° С or an equivalent solution of normal sea water.

χ(35,15,0)=42,11 мСм/см;

χ (35.15.0) = 42.11 mS / cm;

R _T is determined - the relative electrical conductivity of water with salinity S [‰], temperature T [° С] at atmospheric pressure with respect to a solution of normal sea water at the same temperature

the practical salinity S is calculated:

Discharge the breakaway probe 14 and begin collecting data from the probe 14.

Based on the data obtained, the dependence of the density of sea water on depth is constructed. The salinity of the sea water is considered to be independent of the immersion depth of the probe 14 and the practical salinity S obtained from the data of measuring the electrical conductivity of sea water, temperature and pressure, respectively, by the transducer 3 of the electrical conductivity of sea water, transducer 6, and transducer 9, is used in the calculations. pressure.

Depth is calculated as a function of hydrostatic pressure, taking into account latitude, as follows:

,

,

where p is the hydrostatic pressure, MPa;

φ - geographical latitude, degrees.

The density of the marine environment is calculated according to the international equation of state of the sea water US-80.

The density ρ (kg / m ³ ) of sea water as a function of practical salinity S, temperature T and hydrostatic pressure p is determined by the formula

,

,

where K (S, T, p) is the average elastic modulus of sea water;

ρ is the density, kg / m ³ ;

T is the temperature, ° C;

S is the salinity, ‰;

p - hydrostatic pressure, MPa.

The density of sea water at atmospheric pressure (p = 0) is determined by the ratio

,

,

where b ₀ = 8.24493 · 10 ^-1 ; b ₁ = -4.0899 · 10 ^-3 ; b ₂ = 7.6438 · 10 ^-5 ; b ₃ = -8.2467 · 10 ^-7 ; b ₄ = 5.3875 · 10 ^-9 ; c ₀ = -5.72466 · 10 ^-3 ; c ₁ = 1.0227 · 10 ^-4 ; s ₂ = -1.6546 · 10 ^-6 ; d ₀ = 4.8314 · 10 ^-4 .

The density of the reference pure mid-ocean water ρ _ω is determined by the formula

where a ₀ = 999.842594; a ₁ = 6.793952 · 10 ^-2 ; a ₂ = -9.095290 · 10 ^-3 ; a ₃ = 1.001685 · 10 ^-4 ; a ₄ = -1.120083 · 10 ^-6 ; a ₅ = 6.536332 · 10 ^-9 .

The average elastic modulus of sea water is determined by the formula

where K (S, T, 0) = K _ω + (f ₀ + f ₁ T + f ₂ T ² + f ₃ T ³ ) S + (g ₀ + g ₁ T + g ₂ T ² ) S ^3/2 ;

f ₀ = 5.46746; f ₁ = -6.03459 · 10 ^-2 ; f ₂ = 1.09987 · 10 ^-3 ; f ₃ = -6.1670 · 10 ^-6 ;

g ₀ = 7.944 · 10 ^-3 ; g ₁ = 1,6483 · 10 ^-3 ; g ₂ = -5.3009 · 10 ^-5 ;

A = A _ω + (i ₀ + i ₁ T + i ₂ T ² ) S + j ₀ S ^3/2 ;

i ₀ = 2.2838 · 10 ^-3 ; i ₁ = -1.0981 · 10 ^-5 ; i ₂ = -1.6078 · 10 ^-6 ; j ₀ = 1.91075 · 10 ^-4 ;

B = B _ω + (m ₀ + m ₁ T + m ₂ T ² ) S;

m ₀ = -9.9348 · 10 ^-6 ; m ₁ = 2.0816 · 10 ^-7 ; m ₂ = 9.1697 · 10 ^-9 ;

K _ω = e ₀ + e ₁ T + e ₂ T ² + e ₃ T ³ + e ₄ T ⁴ ;

e ₀ = 1965.221; e ₁ = 14.84206; e ₂ = -2.327105 · 10 ^-1 ; e ₃ = 1,360477 · 10 ^-3 ;

e ₄ = -5.155288 × 10 ^-6;

A _ω = h ₀ + h ₁ T + h ₂ T ² + h ₃ T ³ ;

h ₀ = 3.239908; h ₁ = 1,43713 · 10 ^-3 ; h ₂ = 1.16092 · 10 ^-4 ; h ₃ = -5.77905 · 10 ^-7 ;

B _ω = k ₀ + k ₁ T + k ₂ T ² ;

k ₀ = 8.50935 · 10 ^-4 ; k ₁ = -6.12239 · 10 ^-5 ; k ₂ = 5.2787 · 10 ^-7 .

The calculated data on the dependence of the density of seawater are transmitted through output 17 of data to information consumers.

Galaklin depth is determined by immersion of an underwater carrier. During the immersion of the carrier, a continuous measurement of the salinity of sea water and the calculation of the salinity gradient are performed. When the gradient of salinity reaches a value less than a predetermined threshold, a decision is made to achieve a depth exceeding the depth of galaklin. The threshold can be selected equal to 0.001 ‰ / m.

To determine the depth of galaklin, a priori (reference) information on the distribution of sea water salinity for a given region of the World Ocean can also be used, for example, data on the dependence of the distribution of sea water salinity over depth given in [13] - [15].

Thus, the described method can be used to determine the density of sea water at depths exceeding the immersion depth of the underwater carrier. The presented description and drawing allow you to implement the method using known means, which characterizes the invention as industrially applicable.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Butorin V.P. et al. Information acquisition and processing equipment for automatic monitoring and measuring stations of environmental monitoring systems of the ANKOS type / Sat. doc. Seminar Automation of pollution control. - M.: MDNTP. - 1988.

2. Water quality monitoring system / Nihon musen quiet // GRE Rev. - 1988, No. 26. - S.14-20.

3. System for monitoring surface water / Fukuchi Mitsuo, Hottori Hitoshi. - Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Biol. - 1987, 1. - S. 47-55.

4. Burr P. An instrumented underwater towed vehicle. Oceanology internationale 69. Conf. technical sessions, day 1. - Brighton. - 1969 (England).

5. Analysis of Exploration of Mining Technology for Manganese Nodyles / Seabed Minerals Sessions. - Vol. 2. - United Ocean Economics and Technology Branch (Published in cooperation with the United Nations by Graham & Trotman Ltd.). - 1984. - P.20, fig. 3.

6. RF patent No. 2030747 for an invention, IPC G01N 33/18, 1990.

7. Witness. RF № 301 for a utility model, IPC В63В 38/00, 1993

8. Witness. RF № 2797 for a utility model, IPC В63В 35/00, 1996

9. Witness. RF № 3041 for a utility model, IPC G01N 27/00, 1996

10. Auth. witness USSR No. 1029063 for invention, IPC G01N 27/02, 1981

11. RF patent No. 1837217 for invention, IPC G01N 27/00, 1990

12. The witness. RF № 29376 for a utility model, IPC G01N 27/00, 2003 (prototype).

13. Oceanology. Physics of the ocean. T.1. Hybrophysics of the ocean ed. V.M. Kamenkovich, A.S. Monin, M .: "Science", 1978. S.14-25.

14. Smirnov G.N. Oceanology Textbook for technical colleges. M .: "Higher school", 1974. S.17-23.

15. Bogorodsky V.V., Gusev A.V., Doronin Yu.P., Kuznetsova L.P., Shifrin K.S. Physics of the ocean. L .: "Hydrometeoizdat", 1978. P.137-139.

Claims (2)

1. The method of measuring the density of sea water at great depths from an underwater carrier, which consists in measuring the salinity of sea water, the temperature of sea water and pressure, while the temperature of sea water and pressure are measured using a probe, the density of sea water is determined by calculation, characterized in that the temperature of sea water and pressure are measured using a breakaway probe, which is discharged from an underwater carrier, additionally measure the electrical conductivity of sea water, the temperature of the sea odes and pressure, respectively, with a seawater electrical conductivity transducer, a temperature transducer, and a pressure transducer located on the underwater carrier, calibrate the measuring instruments located on the underwater carrier before dropping the breakaway probe, measure the salinity of the sea water at a depth exceeding the galaklin depth based on the data measuring the electrical conductivity of sea water, sea temperature and pressure, respectively a seawater specific electrical conductivity converter, a temperature transducer and a pressure transducer located on an underwater carrier, and when calculating the seawater density value, the salinity value is taken equal to the salinity value measured using the seawater specific electric conductivity transducer, a temperature transducer, and a pressure transducer located on underwater media. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission of data obtained using measuring instruments located on the probe is carried out via a wireless sonar communication channel.

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