RU2319330C2 - Method for evaluating quality of seeding material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural production, in particular, processes for evaluation of seeding material.

SUBSTANCE: method involves laying seeding material on bed positioned in bottom of planting apparatus fixed within light-impermeable and hermetically sealed reservoir; moistening seeds using minimal amount of water sufficient for seed germination; before placing seeds into thermostat for germination, sequentially placing lower perforated plate, polyurethane foam layer and upper perforated plate above seeds and fixing with latches; closing light-impermeable and hermetically sealed reservoirs with covers; after germination of seeds in thermostat, counting sprouts above and below polyurethane foam layer; evaluating quality of germinated seeds by determining seeding rate from the following mathematical dependence:

where N is seeding norm, sprouts per hectare; W is weight of 1,000 seeds, g; Q is quantity of sown seeds, million pieces; G_bp is germination of seeds below polyurethane foam layer,%; G_ap is germination of seeds above polyurethane layer, %; P is seed purity, %.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in evaluating quality of seeding material.

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Description

The present invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods for assessing the quality of seeds.

In agricultural production, the morphophysiological method of growth force is widely used to assess the quality of seed. The seeds of the studied culture are placed between the layers of filter paper and cellophane film at a distance of 3 cm from the edge, rolled up and put into a germination with water for germination. Germination is carried out in a thermostat at a temperature of 20 ° C. After 5 days of germination, the number of sprouts that went beyond the filter paper is counted, and this indicator is used for a comparative assessment of the quality of the seed / V.V. Gritseno. Seed science of field crops. - M .: Kolos, - 1984, - 271 p. /.

The difficulty of applying this method of assessment is the instability of the results. Unequal temperature, moisture and seed quality give different intensities of mass growth, which significantly changes the number of sprouts that go beyond the filter paper and, ultimately, reduce the reliability of the estimated information.

The closest solution to the technological nature and the achieved effect is a method for determining the growth power of wheat seeds, and.with. No. 1380643, M. cl. А01С 1/02, - 1988, which includes laying the seeds on filter paper, folding them up, moistening, where the seeds are laid out on the filter paper in bulk, and moistening the filter paper is carried out once up to 60% by weight of dry seeds, and the leaf area is calculated by the formula, and growth force is determined by the number of seeds that formed the roots after two days of germination.

The proposed method allows a comparative assessment of various batches of seeds under critical conditions of germination, but in this case there is no possibility of practical application of the indicator of growth force in production conditions, that is, to calculate the seeding rate.

The aim of the invention is to assess the quality of the seed with obtaining the final seed growth force and the subsequent calculation of the seeding rate of grain crops.

This goal is achieved in that a method for assessing the quality of seed, including the unfolding of the studied seeds with their subsequent moistening, setting the seeds for germination in a thermostat and assessing the quality of their germination, characterized in that the unfolding of the seeds is carried out on a bed located at the bottom of the germination installed inside opaque and airtight containers, and the moistening of the seeds is carried out on the basis of using the minimum amount of water for germination, and before installing the seeds on the germination In the thermostat, above the unfolded seeds, the lower perforated plate, the foam rubber and the upper perforated plate fixed by latches are sequentially installed and the covers are opaque and airtight, then after germination of the seeds in the thermostat, the sprouts are counted above and below the foam and the quality of germinated seeds is assessed by determination of the seeding rate according to the following mathematical dependence:

where: M is the mass of 1000 grains, g;

K - the number of sown grains, mln. Pcs .;

Vn - germination under foam rubber,%;

BB - germination over foam,%;

H - seed purity,%.

The drawing schematically shows a device for assessing the quality of seed, including a bed 1 at the bottom of the germination 2, installed inside a lightproof 3 and hermetic 4 containers, and above the unfolded seeds, a lower perforated plate 5, foam rubber 6 and an upper perforated plate 7 fixed by latches 8 are sequentially installed . Lightproof and hermetic containers are closed by covers 9 and 10.

The device operates as follows. The seeds of the studied culture, for example, spring wheat, are laid out on the bed 1 of the germination 2 and moistened with water at the rate of 50% of the mass of the studied seeds, which corresponds to the minimum need for germination. The lower perforated plate 5, the foam rubber 6, the upper perforated plate 7 are sequentially mounted and fixed with latches 8. The thickness of the foam changes depending on the culture and the subsequent seed placement depth. For wheat with a minimum embedding depth, it is 1.5-2 cm, and for barley, oats - 2-2.5 cm. The lightproof container 3 and the hermetic container 4 are closed with covers 9 and 10 and the device is placed in a thermostat for germinating seeds. After 5-6 days, the most powerful sprouts that have formed will break through foam rubber 6, and the weakest sprouts will remain in the foam rubber or will not reach it. The number of formed sprouts above and below the foam rubber is counted glomerulously and based on this, the seeding rate is calculated. The limited amount of water for seed germination allows you to get sprouts of a certain mass and size and thereby avoid the influence of random factors on this indicator. The presence of a sealed container eliminates unproductive moisture loss, and it is all used to form organic matter. The information obtained is used to calculate the seeding rate. For example: Vn - 15%, Vv - 80%, M - 35 g, K - 5, H - 99%.

The application of the invention will allow to evaluate the quality of the seed by the final growth force and the penetrating ability of the sprouts, and on this basis to calculate the seeding rate of grain crops.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the quality of seed, including the unfolding of the studied seeds with their subsequent moistening, setting the seeds for germination in a thermostat and assessing the quality of their germination, characterized in that the unfolding of the seeds is carried out on a bed located at the bottom of the germination inside the opaque and airtight containers, and moistening of the seeds is carried out on the basis of the use of the minimum amount of water for germination, and before installing the seeds for germination in a thermostat, over the unfolded seeds we successively install the lower perforated plate, the foam rubber and the upper perforated plate, fixed with latches, and cover the lightproof and hermetic containers with lids, then after germinating the seeds in the thermostat, we count the sprouts above and below the foam rubber and evaluate the quality of germinated seeds by determining the seeding rate according to the following mathematical dependencies:

where N is the seeding rate, t / ha; M - mass of 1000 grains, g; K - the number of sown grains, million pieces; Vn - germination under foam rubber,%; BB - germination over foam,%; H - seed purity,%.