RU2319078C2 - System of air conditioning for spaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the air conditioning system for spaces belongs to the system of conditioning of air.

SUBSTANCE: the air conditioning system for spaces has a cooling module, an assembly of ventilation convectors operating in quality of heating and cooling end arrangements; a united hydraulic scheme feeding fluid medium to the indicated assembly of ventilation convectors; at that the cooling module has the first inlet tube and the first outlet tube; the heating system has the second inlet tube and the second outlet tube: the united hydraulic scheme has an inlet tube and a return tube. Besides the cooling module has a three-stroke switching valve, whose central outlet is connected with the inlet tube of the united hydraulic system, the inlet is connected with the second outlet tube of the heating system and the inlet is connected with the first outlet tube of the cooling module, the return tube of the hydraulic scheme is connected with the second inlet tube and the first inlet tube, as a result the three-stroke switching valve connects the assembly of ventilation convectors as in time of working regime of cooling so in time of working regime of heating.

EFFECT: creation of a more effective and ecological system of conditioning of air.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to an indoor air conditioning system.

For recreational purposes, indoor air should have certain characteristics, for example, humidity from 50% to 60%. Under these conditions, the human body can regulate its temperature using its mechanisms of accumulation and heat dissipation.

To comply with these conditions indoors, i.e. To provide a favorable environment, a feeling of warmth in winter and coolness in summer, two separate autonomous hydraulic circuits are needed for heating and cooling, in the first of which hot water circulates, and in the second - cold water.

For heating and cooling the premises, it is therefore necessary to have a boiler and a cooling installation, which have their own autonomous electric and water supply, and their autonomous control systems.

In winter, all its premises should be heated in the house, while in summer only certain rooms should be cooled, i.e. rooms that are used more often, without cooling, such as a bathroom and kitchen. This requires quite different performance characteristics of both systems in terms of performance, flow rate in pipelines, differential pressure of water supply, etc.

To eliminate this drawback, systems have been developed that can provide heating and / or cooling using the same hydraulic circuit. Of course, this type of system is associated with a cooling unit, which operates in the summer, to ensure circulation in the general hydraulic circuit, while cold water bypasses the boiler; and in winter, hot water does not enter the cooling unit to circulate in the specified hydraulic circuit.

For example, US patents Nos. 2121625, 2984460, 3425485, 3906742, 4798240 and German patent No. 2140018 describe a central heating and cooling installation, which includes several heat exchangers, each of which is made in the premises of different houses. In particular, these heat exchangers are connected to a single boiler and to a single cooling device.

In recent years, manufacturers of heating and cooling systems for apartment buildings or small individual houses have introduced single or monoblock systems in which a single system combines the functions of a cooler and a boiler in a single unit equipped with heat exchangers.

The disadvantage of this type of system is the significant thermal inertia that can occur in an air conditioning system.

To eliminate this drawback, manufacturers proposed using a system containing a boiler for circulating heating water through heat exchangers installed in rooms heated by a hydraulic circuit, the cooling module being connected to the specified boiler, and an inertial tank (also called a "storage tank").

This inertial capacity (acts) serves as a supply of chilled water, which allows to increase the system performance and extend the life of cooling units by reducing the number of starts.

Thus, the use of storage capacity allows you to increase flexibility due to the ability to work also at temperatures slightly different from the calculated one, and above all provides significant operational savings due to the possibility of using less powerful plants.

Therefore, in cases where there is a problem of low-temperature inertia in air conditioning systems, it is sufficient to establish an inertial capacitance between the cooling group and the system. This type of capacity therefore will increase the water content in the entire system, providing an extension of the interval between compressor shutdown and subsequent start-up, which will reduce the number of starts and increase the service life and improve compressor performance.

But since a monoblock installation is cumbersome and gives an increased noise level, it almost always has to be installed outside an air-conditioned building, and therefore in the summer the heat removed does not dissipate in the room itself.

But at the same time, in winter, in order to prevent freezing of water in the storage tank, special means must be used to eliminate damage to the system due to an increase in water volume.

One of the most common solutions involves equipping the storage tank with an inlet / outlet water valve, i.e. a valve to completely discharge water before winter, and a valve to fill the tank before summer. As a result, it is necessary to carry out lengthy operations of full filling / drainage of the tank in order to prevent damage to the system. But this solution does not protect the heating and cooling system if the user forgets to perform these operations.

Another way to prevent freezing of water in an inertial tank is to use electric heaters that ensure the liquid state of the water in the tank, thereby guaranteeing the elimination of damage to the heating and cooling system due to carelessness of the user or due to a very cold winter.

Electric heaters are, for example, electrical resistances, which in order to perform their functions must absorb electrical energy and turn it into heat. Obviously, this technical solution leads to the fact that part of the advantages of using storage capacities is nullified due to the dispersion of energy necessary to power these electrical resistances. The dissipation of electric energy increases with increasing capacity and with decreasing temperature in winter.

In the light of the known technical solutions, the technical problem of the present invention is to create an air conditioning system for external use, in which the disadvantages of the known technical solutions are overcome.

Another technical objective of the present invention is to create a single installation of heating and cooling, which requires the lowest possible maintenance by the user. The technical result of the present invention has become the possibility of creating such an air conditioning system that is more efficient and therefore more environmentally friendly than known systems.

In addition, the technical result was the ability to perform an air conditioning device, which does not require maintenance when changing seasons.

These technical results are achieved by creating an air conditioning system for rooms containing a cooling module connected to the heating system, a set of fan convectors acting as both heating and cooling terminal devices, a single hydraulic circuit supplying fluid to the specified set of fan convectors; wherein said cooling module has a first inlet pipe and a first exhaust pipe; said heating system has a second inlet pipe and a second exhaust pipe; said single hydraulic circuit comprises an inlet pipe and a return pipe; said air conditioning system also comprises a storage tank and a circulation pump; the storage tank is connected, on the one hand, with a return pipe of a single hydraulic circuit and, on the other hand, with a circulation pump; the circulation pump is connected to the first inlet pipe, in which according to the invention the cooling module comprises a three-way switching valve, the central outlet of which is connected to the inlet pipe of a single hydraulic circuit, the input is connected to the second exhaust pipe of the heating system, and the input is connected to the first exhaust pipe of the cooling module, the hydraulic circuit pipe is connected to the second inlet pipe and to the first inlet pipe, whereby a three-way switching valve connects the assembly to Fan convectors both during the operating mode of cooling and during the operating mode of heating.

Preferably, the indoor air conditioning system also comprises a control unit controlling a three-way switching valve, a cooling module, and fan convectors.

Preferably, the cooling module comprises a compressor, a condenser, a delamination element and an evaporator connected to each other by connecting tubes.

Preferably, the control unit controls the operation of the compressor, the combination of fan convectors, a three-way switching valve, a circulation pump and a heating system.

Preferably, the heating system is an autonomous boiler or a centralized installation or a district heating system.

The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of its embodiments, given only as a non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a preferred embodiment of an air conditioning system according to the present invention;

Figure 2 - placement of the components shown in Figure 1, in particular - the placement of a gas boiler;

Figure 3 - the first working configuration for the summer of the air conditioning system depicted in Figure 1;

Figure 4 - the second working configuration for the winter of the air conditioning system depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the present invention, consisting of a unit 1, which includes a cooling circuit 2, a control unit 3 and a storage tank 4, a heating system 8 associated with the indicated unit 1, and a plurality of fan convectors F1, ..., Fn.

Block 1 and its corresponding heating system 8 form a monoblock system, which includes all the components for heating / air conditioning of the building.

From the diagram of FIG. 1, it follows that the cooling circuit 2 is connected via a pipe A to a three-way switching valve V1, while this valve connects the specified cooling circuit 2 to a set of fan convectors F1, ..., Fn using the inlet pipe 5.

The specified cooling circuit 2 is also connected through the connecting pipe In to the circulation pump P1; while the specified circulation pump P1 takes water for circulation in the cooling system 2 from the storage tank 4 using the connecting pipe C.

The specified storage capacity 4 in turn is connected to a set of fan convectors F1, ..., Fn through a return pipe 7.

From the diagram in FIG. 1 it also follows that the storage capacity 4, together with the specified set of fan convectors F1, ..., Fn, is connected to the heating system 8 using a connecting pipe D.

Therefore, the connecting pipe D is a continuation of the return tube 7 of the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn.

The control of the cooling circuit 2, fan convectors F1, ..., Fn and also the heating system 8 is carried out by the electronic control unit 3; wherein said control unit 3 controls all devices by means of electrical connections 9 by known methods.

In more detail: the cooling circuit 2 comprises a compressor 10, a condenser 11, a delamination element 12 (or capillary) and an evaporator 13; each of these components being connected to another connecting piping E.

The compressor 10 is the main element of the cooling circuit 2, and its function is to compress the cooling fluid, for example, freon or a halogenated fluid, and to create high pressure of this medium by heating.

The present invention uses, for example, a rotary compressor, the main advantage of which is compared to conventional compressors in the absence of variable displacements, and therefore in the absence of vibration, as a result of which it operates quietly and the absence of vibration serves the comfort of the user.

After the compressor 10, a heat exchanger 14 is connected, on which an axial fan 15 is mounted. Said heat exchangers 14 are fin-tube heat exchangers, and consist, for example, of copper or stainless steel tubes. The heat exchanger fins (not shown in FIG. 1) can be made, for example, of aluminum, copper, treated taking into account the impact of a corrosive medium on them.

At the outlet of the heat exchangers 14, the cooling fluid, which is a liquid, passes through the delamination element 12.

The delamination element 12 (also known as capillary) provides, as you know, the expansion of the fluid and also allows you to adjust the flow rate of the specified fluid.

The specified stratification element 12 is, for example, a copper tube 1-2 meters long, twisted by a spiral, and a diameter of several tenths of a millimeter.

It should also be noted that in front of the delamination element 12 there is a drying filter 12a, followed by a silencer 12b. The function of the drying filter 12a is to remove residual water from the cooling fluid, thereby providing an extension of the life of the compressor 10; and the function of the silencer 12b, which may be, for example, an absorbing or resonant silencer, is to suppress the noise of the cooling circuit 2 as a whole.

The passage of the cooling fluid through the tube forming the delamination element 12 leads to a decrease in pressure, with the exception of heat exchange with the external environment. In this case, the temperature of the cooling fluid reaches the evaporation temperature, much lower than room temperature.

The cooling fluid passes through the evaporator 13, which is made in accordance with well-known technical solutions for the implementation of heat exchangers using welded-soldered plates.

The evaporator 13 has the same construction as the condenser 11, but its function is exactly symmetrical to that of the condenser; in the evaporator, the coolant reverses its direction, i.e. turns from liquid to steam, absorbing heat from the environment.

Therefore, the cooling fluid, overheated under high pressure, exits the compressor to the condenser, begins to transfer heat to the colder room air passing through it, i.e. the first temperature decreases due to heat transfer until a saturated vapor state is reached, i.e. to a constant pressure P and constant temperature T. This step is followed by the stage of condensation of the fluid, i.e. there is a change of state from steam to saturated liquid using a plate evaporator 13.

Briefly, the circuit 2 the cooling operation provides that the compressor 10 compresses the cooling fluid (here - gas) at low temperature and low pressure, for instance T = + 7 ^{° C} and P = 5 bar, and raises the temperature of said fluid, always - gas to a higher temperature and pressure, for instance T = ^{100 °} C and P = 16 bar.

Then the cooling fluid enters the condenser 14 through the connecting pipe E, configured as, for example, of copper, and a capacitor, first is cooled, e.g., to the approximate temperature T = 40 ^{° C,} and then the state is changed from gaseous to liquid, followed by heating outside air.

At this stage, the latent heat of condensation is transferred to a colder external fluid, i.e. air, in this case.

After the condenser 14, the cooling fluid, now liquid, but always under high pressure, enters the delamination element 12, which, as indicated above, is a capillary, and at the same time its pressure decreases from high, for example, P = 16 bar, to low, for example, P = 5 bar, while always being a liquid.

The cooling fluid, now - the liquid at low pressure and temperature, for instance P = 5 bar and T = + 7 ^{° C,} exits the condenser and enters the evaporator 13 through connection pipes.

In the evaporator 13, evaporation occurs at low pressure and low temperature, i.e. slightly lower than P = 5 bar and T = + 7 ^° C, as a result of which the cooling fluid is converted from steam to liquid, boils and absorbs heat. In this case, the fluid in contact with the walls of the evaporator 13 is cooled, i.e. cools the air of the room.

The cooling fluid must completely turn into gas in the evaporator, and then, passing through the connecting pipes in the opposite direction, go back to the compressor 10.

It should be noted that the cooling circuit described above in statics and dynamics may also contain other devices to operate as a heat pump.

In this case, according to well-known solutions, the delamination element 12 comprises a capillary for operation in a cold mode of operation, an additional capillary for operation as a heat pump, and a one-way bypass valve. A four-way valve can also be provided for cycle reversal and storage capacity for coolant.

The cooling circuit 2, as mentioned above, is connected to the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn through a three-way switching (or mixing) valve V1 using the inlet pipe 5.

The valve V1 is equipped with an electric motor (not shown in FIG. 1), and in accordance with the electrical signals from the electronic control unit 3 to the specified electric motor (which may be, for example, a stepper motor), the specified three-way valve V1 can open / close.

This is accomplished by moving the shutter (not shown in FIG. 1) to narrow the fluid pipelines, followed by the distribution of water flows in the intake pipelines.

Therefore, the valve V1 provides a fluid connection through the inlet pipe 5 to the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn acting as heating / cooling termination devices, the radiant heat of which will be supplied in accordance with the present invention with hot water in winter and with chilled water in summer.

These fan convectors F1, ..., Fn create a forced air flow with their fan 16, and this flow acts on the entire room, creating active air circulation, eliminating the formation of stagnant sections and layers, maintaining a comfortable and uniform air movement.

Each fan convector F1, ..., Fn has a thermostat (not shown in FIG. 1) for controlling the temperature and has a speed variator for fans 16 for selecting the speed for controlling the room temperature.

Thus, this type of installation allows the user to control the air conditioning completely autonomously for each room, despite the fact that the system is centralized.

The three-way switching valve V1, as mentioned above, is also connected to the connecting pipe D, acting as a return pipe of the heating system 8.

The heating system 8 may be, for example, an autonomous gas boiler, or a centralized installation, or a district heating system (not shown in FIG. 1).

Figure 2 illustrates the layout of a gas boiler containing an internal hydraulic circuit, which includes a heat exchanger 17, several burners 18 provided with a pipe 19 in which a throttle valve 20, a circulation pump 21, a water heater 22 for local supply of hot water to tube 23 and from tube 24 through valve 27, expansion vessel 26, three-way valve 27 and throttle valve 28 for bypassing the boiler in summer.

The boiler 8 also has a connecting pipe D acting as an inlet pipe and a connecting pipe E acting as a return pipe for connecting to the cooling circuit 2.

The three-way valve is controlled by a converter 29 installed in the exhaust pipe 24 of the water heater 22. The converter 29 automatically switches the three-way valve 27 to communicate the hot water leaving the heat exchanger 17 with the water heater 22 when the valve 25 is open to supply hot water for local use.

Turning to FIGS. 3 and 4, schematically depicting the first and second operating configurations in summer and winter, respectively, of the air conditioning system according to FIG. 1, in accordance with the present invention, it should be noted that the central pipe of the three-way switching valve V1 is always connected to the inlet pipe 5 of the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn.

Turning to FIG. 3, i.e. to the operation of the installation according to FIG. 1 in the summer season: the operation of the air conditioning system involves a closed throttle valve 28 and the operation of the cooling circuit 2 under the control of the control unit 3 to circulate the cooling fluid in the heat exchanger in the specified cooling circuit 2.

The three-way valve V1 is switched by the control unit 3, i.e. an electronic control unit to connect the connecting pipe A of the cooling circuit 2, more precisely, the exhaust pipe of the evaporator 13, to the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn through the inlet pipe 5.

In this case, the control unit 3 drives the pump P1, as a result of which the water returning from the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn passes through the evaporator 13 and then enters the finned tube heat exchanger 14. The cooled water is stored in the storage tank 4 until its entry into the batteries of fan convectors F1, ..., Fn.

That is, the storage unit 4 acts in this first operating configuration as a storage unit for cold water exiting through the connecting pipe B to the evaporator 13 and entering the inlet pipe 5 of the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn.

Cold water, passing through the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn, enters back through the return pipe 7 into the storage tank 4 for recirculation through the evaporator 13 using the pump P1.

Since the fans 16 of the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn can operate separately under the control of the control unit 3, it is therefore possible to either cool all the rooms of the house in the summer, or only the rooms selected by the user.

For example, only the living room can be cooled during the day due to the fan 16 installed in the living room, a fan convector, and at night only the bedroom due to the fan 16 installed in the bedroom, a fan convector, while cold water will circulate in all F1 fan convectors, ..., Fn.

The cooling circuit 2 according to the well-known prior art has all the protection devices (not shown in FIGS. 1-4) that are required in accordance with safety regulations.

Turning to FIG. 4, i.e. to the operation of the installation according to FIG. 1 in winter, it should be noted that the water flowing back from the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn through the return pipe 7 is discharged by a three-way valve V1 to the boiler 8 through the connecting pipe C.

The boiler 8 provides heating for the rooms of each individual house or apartment building, since the water in the hydraulic system flowing into the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn (i.e., the inlet pipe 5) is circulated in the boiler 8 using the pump 21.

Thus, hot water circulates in the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn and therefore heats the premises of the house; and for the cooling circuit 2 according to the present invention, a bypass is created using the three-way valve V1.

The control unit 3 does not switch the pump 1 and the cooling circuit 2.

In this second operating configuration, the storage tank 4 no longer acts as a cold water storage unit, but as a thermal inertia device for the water contained in the evaporator 13.

If the water heated by the boiler 8 will directly enter the evaporator 13, then the pressure of the cooling fluid contained therein will increase significantly, and this will not correspond to the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the specified evaporator 13.

Since the cooling unit, i.e. unit 1, containing a cooling circuit 2, a control unit 3 and a storage tank 4, is installed outside the building, then the difficulties associated with the freezing of the connecting pipelines in winter do not arise because they do not have water and they contain a cooling fluid that does not freeze.

As for the storage tank 4, it does not freeze in winter, since the hot water coming from the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn, due to convection, heats the contents of the specified tank 4, preventing it from freezing.

This is feasible since the water returning from the valve convectors F1, ..., Fn, is at a temperature of about T = 60 ^{° C,} and with the configuration of the new hydraulic circuit it is possible by convection effect - phenomenon generally occurring in fluids for Macro-transport of substances - for heating the water contained in the storage tank 4, without the use of auxiliary technical solutions and / or devices.

Therefore, hot water in the return tube 5 of the fan convectors F1, ..., Fn due to convection can maintain the liquid state of water in the storage tank 4 in winter (i.e., prevents it from freezing).

The present invention provides a storage tank 4 without an inlet / outlet valve and / or electric heaters, thereby performing a more efficient and therefore more environmentally friendly air conditioning system compared to prior art installations and also performing an air conditioning system that does not require maintenance with change of seasons.

Claims (5)

1. The air conditioning system for rooms, containing a cooling module associated with the heating system, a set of fan convectors acting as both heating and cooling terminal devices, a single hydraulic circuit supplying fluid to the specified set of fan convectors, while the specified cooling module has a first the inlet pipe and the first exhaust pipe, the specified heating system has a second inlet pipe and a second exhaust pipe, the specified single hydraulic each circuit contains an inlet pipe and a return pipe, said air conditioning system also contains a storage tank and a circulation pump, a storage tank is connected, on the one hand, to a return pipe of a single hydraulic circuit and, on the other hand, to a circulation pump, a circulation pump is connected to the first inlet tube, characterized in that the cooling module contains a three-way switching valve, the central outlet of which is connected to the inlet tube of a single hydraulic circuit, the input is connected to the second exhaust pipe of the heating system, and the inlet is connected to the first exhaust pipe of the cooling module, the return pipe of the hydraulic circuit is connected to the second inlet pipe and to the first inlet pipe, as a result of which the three-way switching valve connects the set of fan convectors both during the operating cooling mode and during the operating mode of heating. 2. The indoor air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a control unit controlling a three-way switching valve, a cooling module and fan convectors. 3. The indoor air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling module comprises a compressor, a condenser, a bundle element and an evaporator connected to each other by connecting tubes. 4. The indoor air conditioning system according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the control unit controls the operation of the compressor, the combination of fan convectors, a three-way switching valve, a circulation pump and a heating system. 5. The air conditioning system for rooms according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the heating system is an autonomous boiler or a centralized installation or district heating system.

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