RU2316017C2 - Device for radio-engineering monitoring of radio sources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, applicable for determining the radio signal bearing and frequency in radio-engineering monitoring systems.

SUBSTANCE: the device has two frequency converters, controlled local oscillator and two phase-difference meters connected to one another and the other elements of the device in a definite way, the focal axes of the reception antennas used in the claimed device are parallel, the centers of the antenna are spread at a distance approximately exceeding the wavelength of the controlled radio signal by an order, and the width of the directivity pattern of each antenna makes up 180 deg.

EFFECT: simplified construction and enhanced accuracy of direction finding.

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Description

The invention relates to radio engineering and can be used to determine the bearing and frequency of the radio signal in radio control systems.

A device for radio-technical control of sources of radio emissions is described in the article by E.V. Chekrygin and others. "Information-measuring system of sources of radio emissions. Questions of special radio electronics. Series OVR, Moscow-Taganrog, issue 1, 2003, p. 7 ... 14 ". It contains a frequency measuring path and a path for measuring the direction to the radiation source. The frequency measuring path includes a frequency meter, a receiving antenna in series, a high frequency amplifier (UHF) and a frequency measuring unit, as well as a number of frequency channels, each of which includes a detector, a video amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter, frequency channel inputs connected to the outputs of the frequency measuring unit, and the outputs to the inputs of the frequency meter. The path to measuring the direction to the radiation source contains a computer and a number of receiving channels, each of which includes a receiving antenna, UHF, a detector, a video amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter, the focal axes of the antennas are shifted one relative to the other so that the antenna patterns in total overlap sector 180 °.

The disadvantage of this device is the low direction finding accuracy due to the non-identity of the receiving channels of the direction determining path, and the complexity due to the presence of a separate receiving antenna and UHF for the frequency determining path and a large number of receiving channels in the direction determining path.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed is a device for electronic control of radiation sources, which are part of the shipborne radio intelligence station, protected by a certificate for utility model No. 29783, cl. G01S 3/28, H04K 3/00, publ. 2003 It contains M≥4 receiving antennas, M UHF, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the antennas, M power dividers, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the UHF, M receivers, the inputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the power dividers, a frequency meter, M inputs of which connected to the second outputs of the power dividers, a bearing finder and a processing unit for measuring and control results, the first M inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the receivers, the (M + 1) -th and (M + 2) -th inputs - with the first and second outputs of the frequency meter , (M + 3) -th entrance - specify with exit I am bearing, and the output - control input qualifier bearing. In this case, the bearing qualifier contains M pairs of additional receiving antennas, two switches, the control inputs of which are combined and are the control input of the qualifier, and an interferometer, the output of which is the output of the qualifier. The focal axes of the receiving antennas are shifted relative to one another so that their radiation patterns in total overlap the 180 ° sector of the ship's left (or star) side.

In this device, the results of measuring the direction to the radiation source are refined, therefore, the direction-finding accuracy here is slightly higher than in the above-mentioned information-measuring system. However, this refinement of the bearing is carried out by introducing 2M additional antennas, which makes the device quite complex and difficult to implement. In addition, the direction finding accuracy in it remains insufficiently high, which is due to the non-identity of the additional antennas and the lack of refinement of the bearing in the directions of the "feed-ship nose" and the opposite.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the device of electronic control and improve the accuracy of direction finding.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the well-known from the description of the utility model No. 29783 class. G01S 3/28, H04K 3/00 a device for radio-technical control of radio signal sources, comprising a first receiving antenna, a first UHF, a first power divider, a receiver and a unit for processing measurement and control results, a second receiving antenna, a second UHF, and a second power divider and a frequency meter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the processing unit for measurement and control results, and a third power divider, two frequency converters, a controlled local oscillator and two phase difference meter, the first and second inputs of the first phase difference meter are connected to the second outputs of the first and second power dividers, and the output is to the third input of the measurement and control results processing unit, the input of the controlled local oscillator is connected to the output of the measurement and control results processing unit, and output - to the input of the third power divider, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the first and second frequency converters, respectively, the second inputs of the first and second pre frequency developers are connected to the third outputs of the first and second power dividers, respectively, and the outputs are respectively to the first and second inputs of the second phase difference meter, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the processing unit of the measurement and control results, while the focal axes of the receiving antennas are parallel, the centers of aperture spaced at a distance of about an order of magnitude greater than the wavelength of the monitored radio signal, and the width of the radiation pattern of each of the antennas is 180 °.

The combination of newly introduced frequency converters, a controlled local oscillator and phase difference meters and their connections, as well as the design features of antennas and power dividers, is not an independent device and does not follow explicitly from the prior art, therefore, the inventive radio control device should be considered new and inventive.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a structural diagram of the inventive device;

figure 2 - the relative position of the source of the controlled radio signal and the centers of the aperture of the antennas.

The device contains in figure 1: identical receiving antennas 1 and 11, identical UHF 2 and 12, power dividers 3, 9 and 13, identical frequency converters 4 and 14, a receiver 5 with a wide dynamic range, a unit 6 for processing measurement and control results, phase difference meters 7 and 10, a controlled local oscillator 8 and a frequency meter 15.

The receiving antenna 1, UHF 2, power divider 3, receiver 5 and the unit for processing measurement results and control 6 are connected in series. A receiving antenna 11, UHF 12, a power divider 13, and a frequency meter 15, the output of which is connected to the second input of the processing unit for measuring and control results 6, are also connected in series. The first and second inputs of the phase difference meter 7 are connected to the second outputs of the power dividers 3 and 13, respectively and the output goes to the third input of the unit for processing the results of measurements and control 6. The input of the controlled local oscillator 8 is connected to the output of the UHF 2, and the output to the input of the power divider 9, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the first input m frequency converters 4 and 14, respectively. The second inputs of the frequency converters 4 and 14 are connected to the third outputs of the power dividers 3 and 9, respectively, and the outputs, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the phase difference meter 10, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the measurement results and control unit 6.

The width of the radiation pattern in figure 2 of each of the receiving antennas 1 and 11 is 180 °. The linear base d between the centers of the aperture of the receiving antennas 1 and 11 is of the order of 10λ, where λ is the wavelength of the monitored radio signal. The focal axis of the receiving antennas 1 and 11 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the straight line "1 - 11" connecting the centers of the aperture of the antennas. Their direction coincides with the axis of symmetry of the direction finding sector. Bearing θ (direction to the source of the radio signal) is counted from this direction clockwise.

The device uses a phase direction finding method based on the reception of a direction-finding signal by two antennas with parallel focal axes and spaced aperture centers and subsequent measurement of the phase difference of the received signals. It is known (see, for example, Leonov A.I., Fomichev K.I. Monopulse radar. - M .: Sov. Radio, 1984, p.6, 7) that in this case the phase difference Δφ of the received signals is associated with the bearing θ of the signal source, its wavelength λ and the base d between the centers of the aperture of the antennas by the ratio

The device operates as follows.

The monitored radio signal is received by receiving antennas 1 and 11, amplified by UHF 2 and 12 and fed to the inputs of power dividers 3 and 13. Power dividers 3 and 13 divide the signals received at their inputs into 3 parts.

The signal from the first output of the power divider 3 is fed to the input of the receiver 5, in which the radio signal is actually detected and its amplitude and duration are measured. The measurement results from the output of the receiver go to the first input of the processing unit of the measurement results and control 6.

The signal from the first output of the power divider 13 is fed to the input of the frequency meter 15, where the frequency f of the monitored radio signal is measured. The measurement result is fed to the second input of the processing unit of the measurement results and control 6.

The signals from the second inputs of the power dividers 3 and 13 are respectively supplied to the first and second inputs of the phase difference meter 7, in which the phase difference of these signals is measured, which is equal due to the identity of the signal transmission channels “receiving antenna 1 - UHF 2 - power divider 3” and “ receiving antenna 11 - UHF 12 - power divider 13 "phase difference of the signals at the outputs of the receiving antennas 1 and 11. The result Δφ of the measurement of the specified phase difference is fed to the third input of the processing unit of the measurement results and control 6.

The signals from the third outputs of the power dividers 3 and 13 are fed to the second inputs of the frequency converters 4 and 14, respectively.

, где с=3·10⁸ м/с - скорость света. Этот сигнал поступает с выхода блока обработки результатов измерений и управления 6 на управляющий вход управляемого гетеродина 8.The processing unit of the measurement results and control 6 according to the result of measuring the frequency f by the frequency meter 15 generates a control signal controlled by the local oscillator 8, ensuring the maintenance of the frequency f _{g of the} latter equal to

where c = 3 · 10 ⁸ m / s is the speed of light. This signal comes from the output of the unit for processing the results of measurements and control 6 to the control input of the controlled local oscillator 8.

The controlled local oscillator 8 generates a signal of frequency f _g , which is fed to the input of the power divider 9. This signal by the power divider 9 is divided into two equal parts, which are supplied from its outputs to the first inputs of the frequency converters 4 and 14, respectively.

, на выходах последних формируются сигналы промежуточной частоты f_пр, которые поступают на первый и второй входы измерителя разности фаз 10.Given that the frequency difference f _g and f at the first and second inputs of each of the frequency converters 4 and 14 is equal to the intermediate frequency f _CR equal to

, at the outputs of the latter, signals of intermediate frequency f _{pr are formed} , which are fed to the first and second inputs of the phase difference meter 10.

In the phase difference meter 10, the phase difference of the intermediate frequency signals f _pr received at its inputs is measured, and the measurement result Δφ _{pr is} fed to the fourth input of the measurement processing and control unit 6.

In view of (1) a phase difference Δφ _etc. associated with the _pr wave length λ of the intermediate frequency signal, and bearing base d θ source ratio

.

.

, можно записатьGiven that

can be written

The resulting relation allows a rough estimate of θ _{g of} bearing θ by the formula

This operation is performed in the unit for processing measurement results and control 6.

. Для уточнения пеленга используется результат Δφ измерения разности фаз принятых приемными антеннами 1 и 11 сигналов и зависимость (1).The calculation according to formula (2) gives a rough value θ _{g of the} bearing θ, since the accuracy of the bearing estimation is determined by the steepness of the direction-finding characteristic — the dependence Δφ _pr (θ), and in this case it is small and amounts to

. To clarify the bearing, the result Δφ of measuring the phase difference received by the receiving antennas 1 and 11 of the signals and the dependence (1) are used.

The actual difference Δφ 'of the phases of the signals at the outputs of the receiving antennas 1 and 11 can significantly (at times) exceed 2π. Actually, the phase difference meter 7 does not respond to the integer part of the ratio Δφ '/ 2π, but only measures the remainder of dividing Δφ' by 2π.

The actual Δφ 'and the measured Δφ phase differences are related by the relation Δφ' = Δφ + 2πn,

.where n = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ..., ± K, and K is the integer part of the relation

.

Therefore, equation (1) should be written as

Given that λ = c / f, we obtain

Equation (3) contains uncertainty - one value of the difference Δφ of the phases corresponds to 2K + 1 values of the bearing θ.

To resolve this uncertainty in the unit for processing the results of measurements and control 6, all these values are calculated and compared with the value θ _g calculated in accordance with equation (2), and the closest of them is taken as the result of direction finding.

The inventive device is quite easy to implement.

As receiving antennas 1 and 11, slotted antennas can be used in a limited-size screen (see, for example, the Handbook of elements of electronic devices. Edited by V.V.Dulin, M.S. Zhuka. M., "Energy", 1977, p. 528, 529).

As UHF 2 and 12 can be used commercially available modules type M421135.

Power dividers 3, 9 and 13 can be performed on strip elements (see, for example, the Guide to the calculation and design of microwave strip devices. Edited by MK Belkin. Kiev, Vyshcha shkola, 1982, p. 212).

Frequency converters 4 and 14 can be implemented on the basis of multiplying the input signals and subsequent filtering of the intermediate frequency signal (see, for example, Radio receivers. Ed. By L.G. Barulin. - M .: Radio and communications, 1984, p.151 -158).

As the receiver 5 can be used a receiver with digital signal processing (see, for example, Radio receivers. Edited by L. G. Barulin. - M .: Radio and communication, 1984, p.16).

As a processing unit for the results of measurements and control 6, a Pentium type personal computer can be used, supplemented by elements for interfacing with receiver 5, phase difference meters 7, 10, and frequency 15 and controlled by local oscillator 8.

The phase difference meters 7 and 10 can be performed on the basis of digital phase meters (see, for example, Soloviev V.Ya. Phase measurements. M., 1973, p. 27 ... 45).

The controlled local oscillator 8 can be implemented on the basis of a digital frequency synthesizer (see, for example, Radio receivers. Edited by L.G. Barulin. - M .: Radio and communications, 1984, p. 68-72).

Frequency meter 15 can be performed on single-resonator directional filters with functional processing of the responses of the output signals on programmable logic integrated circuits (see, for example, E.V. Chekrygin and others. “Information and measuring system of radio emission sources.” Questions of special radio electronics. OVR series Moscow-Taganrog, issue 1, 2003, pp. 7-14).

The technical result from the use of the inventive device for radio-technical control of sources of radio signals is that it is much simpler than the prototype, as it contains at least six times less antennas and UHF and much less power dividers. In addition, it has a higher direction finding accuracy, since the exact value of the bearing in it is determined by the phase method, which eliminates the error due to the non-identity of the receiving channels.

Claims (1)

A device for radio-technical control of radio signal sources, comprising a first receiving antenna, a first high-frequency amplifier, a first power divider, a receiver and a local oscillator frequency control and processing unit for detecting a bearing of radio signals, a second receiving antenna, a second high-frequency amplifier, and a second power divider and frequency meter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the local oscillator frequency control unit and working of the measurement results to determine the bearing of the sources of radio signals, and a third power divider, characterized in that it includes two frequency converters, a controlled local oscillator and two phase difference meters, the first and second inputs of the first phase difference meter are connected to the second outputs of the first and second dividers, respectively power, and the output is to the third input of the local oscillator frequency control unit and processing the measurement results to determine the bearing of the radio signal sources, the input of the controlled heterodyne is connected to the output of the local oscillator frequency control unit and processing the measurement results to determine the bearing of the radio signal sources, and the output is connected to the input of the third power divider, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the first and second frequency converters, the second inputs of the first and second frequency converters connected to the third outputs of the first and second power dividers, respectively, and the outputs, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the second phase difference meter, output to it is connected to the fourth input of the local oscillator frequency control unit and the processing of measurement results to determine the bearing of the radio signal sources, while the focal axes of the receiving antennas are parallel, the centers of the aperture are spaced apart by about an order of magnitude greater than the wavelength of the monitored radio signal, and the antenna radiation pattern width is 180 °.

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