RU2315641C2 - Sportive exerciser for working-out of procedure for striking blows by hands and method for working-out of procedure for striking blows using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: exerciser has column with supporting member fixed in its lower part and sleeve fixed in its upper part for rotation relative to column, and rolls mounted for rotation on pins and fixed on sleeve. Sleeve is provided with three vertically oriented pins rigidly connected thereto and is designed for free rotation around vertical axis extending in parallel with vertical axis of column. Rolls are mounted on said pins in equally spaced relation. Method involves striking blows by hand to rolls positioned for rotation around their axes and fixed in rotating sleeve; striking a blow by hand to apex of triangle provided on one of rolls positioned within non-rotating sleeve for keeping said sleeve in immovable state, or striking a blow by hand to one of rolls positioned within rotating sleeve for stopping rotation thereof, or striking a blow by hands to rolls during rotation of sleeve, with hands and direction of blow being altered for keeping sleeve in rotating state.

EFFECT: provision for improving capabilities of single combat sportsman in striking blows aimed at altering opponent's movement impulse.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to training and sports equipment and for the construction of a sports simulator for practicing martial arts athletes striking techniques. In addition, the present invention contemplates a new method for practicing hand striking techniques on this simulator.

Known sports simulator for practicing attacking and defensive actions, which is used to improve skills in karate, kickboxing and hand-to-hand combat, containing a rack with a support element in the lower part and with a clip in the upper part mounted for rotation relative to the rack, as well as rollers mounted with the possibility of rotation on the axles fixed on the cage (see book. V. Lyalko "Trainers in martial arts" edited by A.E. Taras, Minsk, Harvest, M., ACT, 2001, p. 218, 219, fig. .67).

From the same source, there is a known method for practicing hand striking techniques, which consists in applying a hand strike to the rollers that can rotate around their axes and are mounted in a rotating cage.

The main targets in the form of boxing bags made of elastic material with a sponge rubber filler are rotatably mounted relative to the axes using belt drives from reversible electric motors. The ends of the axles are fixed by bearings in fork holders, allowing you to make turns relative to the supporting surface. This device also allows you to simulate enemy attacks (lateral, descending and ascending), for which purpose the targets are equipped with a special means of influence in the form of a human hand (leg) - a pneumatic element made of elastic material. Training is as follows. The athlete performs attacking actions that require maximum speed (for example, kick in a jump) at one of the main targets. Due to the occurrence of the friction force at the short-term contact point directed along the generatrix, the athlete’s limb receives an impulse that changes the trajectory of its return to the conditioned position (stance). In other words, a defensive block is simulated by the conditional adversary. The magnitude of the violation of the trajectory of the limb is in direct proportion to the momentum of rotation of the target.

During training, the athlete develops the skills of an accurate preemptive strike in combination with the speed of striking with the spatial distribution of strokes.

This simulator is closest to the declared object, and therefore it is adopted as a prototype, both for the device and for the method.

The disadvantage of this simulator is that such a simulator is aimed not only at practicing the impact technique (staging), but also at developing a reaction to a changing environment. A feature of these simulators designed for martial artists is the development of long-term combat skills in the exchange of blows in constantly spatially changing positions of the point of striking. Naturally, such a simulator is designed to ensure that the enemy follows the established rules and will systematically exchange blows. This is a game for points, not a defeat.

It is advisable to recall the battles of the famous Soviet boxer Valery Popenchenko: “In 213 battles V.Popenchenko won 200 victories ... As a result, a boxer appeared who boxed differently from the others, subordinated his actions to little-understood logic and behaved in battle outside millennia laws of fist science. They called the manner of fighting Popenchenko clumsy and clumsy. According to the canons of that time, the boxer's right hand was to be positioned vertically, covering the body from the abdomen to the chin, and the left was stretched forward, "probing" the gaps in the enemy’s defense. In Popenchenko, both of these tasks were performed by the left hand, and the right was somewhere on the side (almost behind) and at the level of the belt. But Valery Popenchenko had an exceptional reaction! Now, apparently, they forgot about this and do not mention it, but the speed of his reaction was much higher than that of any boxer of that time. ”

It should be noted that most of V.Popenchenko’s victories are knockouts in the first minutes of the battle. And no long-playing maneuvering with the enemy. The time to find a breach in defense and an invisible blow to the right point, invisible even for the striker (not reflected in the mind) is V.Popenchenko’s tactic, which he distinguished from other boxers engaged in multi-round exhausting of the enemy, since the tactics of their training were designed to educate endurance, practicing a strike at an adversary (but not finding a breach in the defense of the adversary) and at the same time just an impact at the adversary (principle of hitting). As a result, in the ring you can see that boxing turns into defense blows until one of the boxers makes a mistake before defending.

Another disadvantage of the known simulator and, accordingly, the method of training on it (practicing punches and kicks) is that it is the movement of the simulator that determines the response of the athlete. That is, with such a training, the simulator controls the athlete, forcing him to respond to the position of rapidly turning rollers. As a result of such training, the athlete develops a stable reflex to the response. Moreover, this reaction becomes basic in the behavior of an athlete, since with any simulator, variation in modes is limited and constant long-term training leads to the fact that the athlete gets used to the simulator's behavior and begins to adapt to it. In addition, in the well-known simulator, training is based on receiving response information from the simulator at the time of striking the roller. This information consists in the assessment by the athlete of the extent of violation of the trajectory of the limb, which is directly dependent on the roller's momentum. That is, according to the size of the support reaction at the moment of the impact, the athlete develops an awareness of how well he hit the target: a strong response from the side of the rotating roller means that the power and direction of the impact corresponds to such a pulse of rotation of the roller at which this roller is braked. In fact, the response is understood not as an impulse of force directed against the rotation of the roller, but the creation of such a force that slows down the rotation of the electric motor with the gearbox. As a result of such training, the athlete develops skills to counteract the conditional opponent with characteristics similar to those of the simulator. Training on such a simulator does not take into account such a parameter as stability or the position of the center of gravity, since the simulator is fixed in the foundation and cannot fall under any circumstances. Under such conditions, the practicability of such training for a martial artist, which does not allow assessing the position of the opponent’s center of gravity, can be called into question. In a real battle, the power of the blow does not always lead to victory, and the enemy’s loss of a stable position (due to the withdrawal of his center of gravity beyond the perimeter of the reference area) always leads to victory. But in order to violate the stability of the enemy, it is necessary to build the strike formula not from the position of a powerful response from the enemy, but from the position of changing the momentum of his movement at the moment when the strike is delivered.

V.Popenchenko’s method of combat was based on a “meaningful” strike, that is, a strike that violates the spatial control system of the central nervous system (CNS) and the enemy’s positional stability as a structural unit. Such a “meaningful” blow is such an external effect that forces the central nervous system to rebuild from one positionally stable state to another, the same stable one. But the subtlety lies in the fact that when such a blow is applied to the central nervous system (due to the time pressure) it does not manage to get out of the state of control over the position of the center of gravity in this stance in order to manage to move to another stance.

The proposed simulator design and training method are precisely aimed at developing the athlete’s skills in delivering a “meaningful” blow, which aims, for example, to maintain the immobility of the cage and rollers upon impact in a roller having freedom of rotation. Such a blow requires not so much power in execution, but rather the choice of the right balance of power, speed and accuracy so that the system (due to its inertia at rest) cannot respond.

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of creating such a simulator for practicing blows, in which all the supporting links and mannequins would have a free rotation position that simulates the freedom of movement of the enemy, and in terms of the method, changing training activities to form the athlete’s ability to combine a strike of force, speed and accuracy, as well as a strike that would change the trajectory of the enemy.

The technical result achieved in this case consists in improving the ability of a combat athlete to strike, aimed at changing the momentum of the enemy’s movement.

The specified technical result for the device is achieved by the fact that in a sports simulator for practicing hand striking techniques, comprising a stand with a support element in the lower part and a clip in the upper part mounted for rotation relative to the rack, as well as rollers with an elastic or soft coating with sponge rubber filler mounted rotatably on axles fixed to the yoke, the yoke is made with three vertically directed axes rigidly connected to it, on which said shafts and mounted freely rotatably at the same distance from each other, and the holder is adapted to rotate freely about a vertical axis parallel to the vertical axis of the strut.

At the same time, two levers can be attached to the clip on its different sides, which are handles for turning the clip relative to the rack or to hold the latter from turning relative to the rack. Moreover, the levers are attached to the upper part of the cage and bent down towards the bottom of the cage.

The specified technical result for the method is achieved by the fact that in the method of practicing the striking technique, which consists in applying a hand strike to the rollers that can be rotated around their axes and mounted in a rotating cage, strike one hand on one of the rollers in a non-rotating cage for preserving the immobility of the clip, or strike with a hand against one of the rollers in the rotating clip to stop the rotation of the clip, or strike with hands on the rollers while rotating the clip with alternating hands and board strokes to maintain the rotation collar.

These features are essential for each of the objects and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

Figure 1 - General view of the simulator;

figure 2 is a top view of the simulator.

A sports simulator (Fig. 1) for practicing hand striking techniques comprises a rack 1 with a supporting element 2 in the lower part and a clip 3 in the upper part mounted for rotation about a vertical axis parallel to the vertical axis of the rack 1, as well as three rollers 4 mounted rotatably on axes 5 mounted on a clip. The rollers are made with an elastic or soft coating with a sponge rubber filler and serve as mannequins. The cage is made with three vertically directed axes 5 rigidly connected to it, on which said rollers are mounted with the possibility of free rotation at the same distance from each other (figure 2).

Two levers 6 are attached to the yoke on its opposite sides, which are handles for turning the yoke relative to the rack or holding the latter from turning about the rack. While these levers 6 are attached to the upper part of the cage and bent down towards the lower part of the cage.

The stand can be fixed rigidly and motionlessly to the support element 2.

The rack 1 can be pivotally connected to a support element, which can be made T-shaped, as shown in figure 1. The trainer (or sparring partner) has his feet on the wings of the T-shaped support element 2, fixing the base of the simulator, and wraps his hands around the handles so that the tension of the whole body absorbs the simulator under the blows of the athlete. The athlete is opposite the coach. In this case, the possibilities of carrying out exercises are expanded, since the trainer can produce tilts of the rack in a randomly selected mode, simulating the enemy’s escape from the attack.

The construction of exercises on the simulator proceeds from three premises: a) striking the roller in a stationary clip in order to maintain its immobility; b) striking the roller in a rotating cage in order to stop the rotation; c) striking a rotating clip with alternating hands, the direction of the strike, while maintaining rotation.

Examples of exercises:

- a blow to the top of the triangle of the stationary holder with the condition of "non-displacement" of the holder (see Figure 3);

- a blow in the gap between the rollers of the rotating cage (in this case the cage stop will be the result of a hit) (see Figure 4);

- blows from both hands to test the reaction to fast moving targets (see Figure 5);

- strokes with alternating arms, when one arm gives rotation to the cage due to a strike, and the other, with a balanced stroke, stops this rotation.

The proposed method is based on the concept of training an athlete to apply “meaningful” punches.

At the same time, an important circumstance should be noted, namely, that in the invention, not the simulator determines the rhythm of the exercises, but the athlete himself. In known simulators, mannequin mobility requires a quick response to this mobility. And in our case, when it is not about hitting a target, but about giving it a given impulse that changes movement, the athlete himself determines the time of the strike, as well as the type of strike. This is decisive in the method of this application, since we are talking about a different preparation for striking and hitting the target.

The application of a “meaningful” blow, that is, such a blow that violates the spatial control system of the central nervous system (CNS) and the enemy’s positional stability as a structural unit, is a concept of the proposed method, which was not reflected in known sources, which allows one to recognize its new .. Such a “meaningful” blow is such an external impact that causes the central nervous system to rebuild from one positionally stable state to another, the same stable one. But the subtlety lies in the fact that when such a blow is applied to the central nervous system (due to the time pressure) it does not manage to get out of the state of control over the position of the center of gravity in this stance in order to manage to move to another stance. Such a time pressure for the central nervous system occurs when a structurally-unit object receives a momentum of movement, the direction of which does not coincide with the centrally controlled movements.

The proposed simulator design and training method are precisely aimed at developing the athlete’s skills in delivering a “meaningful” blow, which aims, for example, to maintain the immobility of the cage and rollers upon impact in a roller having freedom of rotation. Such a blow requires an organic combination of power in execution, speed and accuracy so that the structural-link system (due to its inertia at rest) could not respond. We are talking about the speed and accuracy of striking, providing for force contact to change the trajectory of the conditional enemy. In known simulators this method of training is not used.

Man is a three-dimensional creature by birth. The capabilities of the human central nervous system are limited by the requirements of the environment. The need to constantly monitor the gravitational component (one of the dimensions of our world) loads the central nervous system and makes a standard situation in which the solution of motor problems occurs when monitoring only two dimensions of space. The need for simultaneous control of three measurements (planes) leads to overload of the central nervous system.

Another powerful factor is working on CNS overload - acute time pressure. We must not forget that the capabilities of the central nervous system are not only the possibilities for processing information and making decisions (with a difference in the speed of the various central nervous system centers). Like any cybernetic multilevel structure, it has a delicate place - communication channels. The speed of the process control is limited by the speed of the channel-forming systems. In our case, we are talking about the throughput of nerve trunks. And this is a finite value and, according to physiology, is almost constant. In addition to everything, the existing “communication system” is not idle idle, but loaded to the eyeballs with work to provide a “reflex ring”. Therefore, disturbing actions along three planes following each other at a high pace (or even simultaneously) cause the central nervous system to trail in the tail of events, accumulating through its motor corrections an error sufficient to destroy the entire previously realized motor task.

Now about how it looks from the point of view of physiology. The human central nervous system controls the development of the entire motor task through active (working) links. The remaining links, having worked out their active phase, gradually get out of the strict control of the central nervous system and participate in the movement as balancers. Any movement begins with a preliminary assessment of the central nervous system conditions of maintaining equilibrium (the position of the center of mass in relation to the area of the support), during the execution of the movement, these conditions are constantly monitored and adjusted. If the motor act will be realized without bringing external forces into the system, then each link entering the active phase will rely on the previous one in its movement. If during the implementation of the movement an external force is brought to the system (a fulcrum is provided), the central nervous system will be forced to urgently revise the conditions for performing the movement in connection with the violation of the original balance preservation scheme (which is tantamount to abandoning the initial motor task). Continuation of the movement in any of its variants is possible only from the arising support point.

Consider an example of the exercises on the proposed simulator, which consists in the fact that the combatant must strike at the top of the triangle of the stationary clip with the condition of "non-biasing" of the clip. In other words, the blow must be made in the middle roller so that the freely located clip does not rotate.

From the point of view of mechanics, it follows that the object is rotated when external force is applied to it, the point of application of which is displaced relative to the axis of symmetry or the center of gravity, and the direction of application of the external force (vector) does not pass through the axis of symmetry or the center of gravity. And vice versa, if the vector of application of external force passes through the axis of symmetry or the center of gravity of the object, then the object remains stationary, since the sum of all the forces acting on the object is zero.

In relation to the exercise to be carried out, the blow should be applied in the plane of symmetry of the cage with rollers, which passes through the middle roller, or rather, through the axis of its rotation. Consequently, when striking in the plane of symmetry of the cage, the latter will not crank, since the sum of all external forces acting from the impact on the roller will be zero. Accurate hit in the middle roller exactly in the plane of symmetry of the cage is a task that can be solved only with an increase in the number of repetitions, since the implementation of this exercise requires not just a strong blow, but an exact blow. An accurate strike requires the sensibility of many external factors: such as the enemy’s mass, type of impact, speed of impact, angle of impact, etc. In this exercise, the goal is not set to hit the target, but the task of delivering just such a blow that meets the enemy’s positional structure is solved.

If we consider the second exercise: a blow between the rollers of the rotating cage (in this case, the cage stop will be the result of a hit), then it will be seen that when the rotating cage stops, the impact force will be adequate to the inertial mass of the cage and the direction of impact is opposite. At the same time, this exercise is performed provided that the rollers rotate freely, that is, any impact on the roller in the rotating cage leads to a loss of impact energy (it is extinguished by the fact that the roller starts to rotate). To perform this exercise, it is necessary that the blow, among other things, be carried out so quickly that the roller in the system cannot respond to external influences.

It is these exercises that allow you to develop the skills of “meaningful” attacks, which provide advantages in battle over an opponent who sets himself the task of having to repeatedly hit the target. In fact, any battle lasts until the first serious, that is, “meaningful” hit on the target, since it is in this case that the control by the central nervous system is violated in the body.

The present invention is industrially applicable as it allows martial athletes to achieve a more effective training in striking.

Claims (6)

1. A sports simulator for practicing hand striking techniques, comprising a strut with a support element in the lower part and with a clip in the upper part mounted for rotation relative to the rack, as well as rollers mounted for rotation on axles fixed to the clip, characterized in that the cage is made with three vertically directed axes rigidly connected with it, on which said rollers are mounted with the possibility of free rotation at the same distance from each other, and the cage is made with zmozhnostyu free rotation about a vertical axis parallel to the vertical axis of the strut. 2. The sports simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that two levers are attached to the cage on its different sides, which are handles for turning the cage relative to the rack or holding the latter from rotation about the rack. 3. The sports simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the levers are attached to the upper part of the cage and bent down towards the lower part of the cage. 4. The sports simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers are made with an elastic or soft coating with a sponge rubber filler. 5. The sports simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the stand is pivotally connected to the supporting element. 6. A method of practicing striking techniques, which consists in applying a hand strike on rollers that can rotate around their axes and mounted in a holder made to rotate, characterized in that they strike by hand on one of the rollers at the apex of the triangle, located in a non-rotating clip to maintain the immobility of the clip, or strike with one hand on one of the rollers in the rotating clip to stop the rotation of the clip, or strike with hands on the rollers when rotating the clip with a crank hands and directions to maintain rotation of the clip.

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