RU2314070C2 - Device for training accommodation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has object and lens. The object is PC monitor screen image. Lens shape and dimensions are selected in a way that the lens overlaps only a part of the object.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of training under natural conditions with objective result control.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to ophthalmology and is intended to train accommodation.

There are various devices for training accommodation, the effect of which is based on the effect on the ciliary muscle of the eye, which leads to a change in the curvature of the lens and thereby trains accommodation.

By acquiring the ability to relax the ciliary muscle, the patient can reduce myopia [1]. The action of devices designed to relax the ciliary muscle of the eye is based on creating a fuzzy image of the object of fixation on the retina using optical glasses (fogging) [1, 2], using prisms, plus lenses or combining them (bifocal sphere-prismatic glasses) [3, 4] conducting relaxation exercises on the computer [5], etc.

In turn, the tension of the ciliary muscle leads to an increase in the curvature of the lens, which enhances refraction and reduces hyperopia.

Known devices whose action is based on changing the distance between the image of the displayed object and the patient’s eye from closer to more distant and vice versa. Thus, accommodation trains by alternating relaxation and tension of the ciliary muscle, which leads to a decrease in the degree of myopia and hyperopia, stabilization of the myopic process, helps prevent the occurrence of hyperopia and presbyopia, and helps to relieve spasm of accommodation and the prevention of “myopia” with increased visual stress [1, 2 ].

One of such devices is the Trickle apparatus [6], which includes a set of light emitters, differently removed from the eye. Each emitter contains signs of various sizes and types (letters and figures). The patient monocularly (with one eye) observes alternately illuminated objects (letters and figures) through the lens. The lens varies the distance from the patient’s eye to images of sequentially presented differently distant objects up to infinity (for objects that are in the focus of the lens).

The AKR-2 device [6] is made in the form of a rectangular elongated body, in front of which there is an eyepiece and a screen. The slide with the illuminator moves relative to the lens. As in “Brook”, the distance from the patient’s eye to the image of the object (slide) varies up to infinity (if it is located in the focus of the lens). But unlike the Brook, in AKP-2 the movement of objects relative to the patient’s eye is not discrete, but continuous, due to the rotation of the handle located on the body.

The closest analogue of the device proposed here is APS-4 [6], which differs from AKP-2 in that it is made in the form of a telescope with interchangeable slides.

The disadvantages of the devices described above are the separate training of the patient’s eyes (the image of the object is presented only to one eye) and the lack of objective quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the exercises.

The proposed device is intended for the treatment of myopia, hyperopia and prevention of presbyopia by training accommodation by alternating relaxation and tension of the ciliary muscle of the eye, as well as joint training of accommodation and convergence. This provides the possibility of objective quantitative control of the effectiveness of the patient performing training exercises in close to natural conditions of observation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for training accommodation contains an object that is an image on a personal computer (PC) monitor screen, a lens for changing the distance from the patient’s eyes to the image of the object, mounted in front of the object with a tripod so that two parts of the image at the same time presented at different distances from the patient’s eyes, software for training exercises, which allows an objective quantitative assessment from the results of their implementation. Specially developed software allows you to change objects, select exercises depending on the patient’s diagnosis and display the quantitative result of the exercise. Moreover, the device is configured to connect liquid crystal (LCD) glasses and synchronize them with the PC to conduct joint training of accommodation and convergence in the conditions of observation of a stereoscopic image.

Distinctive features of the proposed device from the prototype is the development of software [7] and the selection of the shape and size of the lens with the possibility of simultaneous demonstration of two parts of the image of the object at different distances from the patient’s eyes and simultaneous training of both eyes with objective quantitative control of the effectiveness of the exercises.

During the search on the sources of scientific, technical and patent information, no solutions were found whose combination of essential features would enable simultaneous training of accommodation and convergence of both eyes of the patient with objective quantitative control of its effectiveness and simultaneous demonstration of two parts of the image of the object at different distances from the eyes the patient.

Figure 1 (a is a side view, b is a top view) shows a diagram of a device for training accommodation. The device consists of an object, which is an image displayed on a screen 1 of a personal computer (PC) monitor, a tripod 2, on which a lens 3 is mounted at the bottom of the screen, which allows you to change the distance from the eyes of the observer 4 to the image of the object up to infinity.

For joint training of accommodation and convergence in the conditions of observation of stereoscopic images, a variant of the device is proposed, the scheme of which is shown in figure 2. Added to the device are liquid crystal (LCD) glasses 5, which are two cells (for the right and left eye) with LCD shutters. Maximum opacity of the cell is achieved by applying voltage to it, and turning off the voltage leads to maximum transparency of the cell - the LCD shutter closes and opens. The patient observes the image on the monitor screen through stereoscopic glasses, adjusted to the size of the head with the help of a fixator. On the screen, images for the left and right eyes are alternately presented. The corresponding shutter of the LCD glasses opens synchronously. Thus, each eye sees only its own picture from a stereo pair [8, 9]. The perception of a stereo image is achieved due to the quick change of stereo pair pictures and the inertia of visual sensation. The device allows you to jointly train accommodation and convergence in stereoscopy and thereby develop binocular accommodation.

The order of the exercises.

The patient sits in front of the monitor screen. The lens is mounted in front of the screen so that the patient sees through it a frame (see figa, b) at the bottom of the screen. Thus, depending on the distance between the lens and the screen, the framed images can be seen at any distance from the screen plane to infinity. Depending on the nature of the disease, the program "Myopia" or "Presbyopia" is selected, as well as the type of images displayed (either a mixture of letters, pictures and numbers, or one picture).

The exercise "Myopia" is designed to train accommodation in myopia. At the bottom of the monitor screen, the patient is presented with a stimulus in the frame (see Fig. 3a) in the form of a letter, number or picture (depending on the selected mode) randomly generated by a computer program. The patient’s task is to select an identical stimulus from the series presented in the frame at the bottom of the screen.

With the correct response of the patient, the size of the subsequent presented stimulus decreases, with the wrong one it increases. In the upper part of the screen in the column “Total” the total number of completed tasks is indicated, in the column “Correctly” - the number of correctly solved tasks, in the column “Account” - the game score is maintained, in the column “Time” a stopwatch is installed. The exercise time is fixed at 300 seconds. Upon completion of the exercise, a window appears on the screen with a suggestion to start the game anew (“Yes” button) or to end (“No” button).

The difference between the exercises in the variant of the device for joint training of accommodation and convergence is that in the exercise "Myopia" the patient from a series of stereoscopic images presented at different depths in the upper part of the screen should choose an identical stimulus presented. In the exercise "Presbyopia", the patient from a series of stereoscopic images presented in a frame at the bottom of the screen should choose an identical stimulus.

Thus, the proposed device allows under natural observation conditions in a game form with objective quantitative control of the results to conduct joint training of accommodation and convergence. This makes it possible to successfully use the device in the treatment of myopia, hyperopia and the prevention of presbyopia in medical institutions, specialized schools and kindergartens, vision protection rooms or at home as prescribed by an ophthalmologist.

Information sources

1. Avetisov E.S. Myopia. - The medicine. - 1989.

2. Ananin V.F. Accommodation and myopia. - Moscow. - 1989.

3. Dergalo I.I. et al. Changes in the organ of vision in children with myopia in conditions of spherical prismatic correction. // Oft. journal - 1995. - No. 1. - S. 48-50.

4. Sergienko N.M. Ophthalmic optics. - M., 1991.

5. Ovechkin I.G., Pershin K.B., Antonyuk V.D. Functional vision correction. St. Petersburg., ASP Publishing House, 2003.

6.http: //www.optivita.ru/of87.html.

7. Certificate on the official registration of the computer program No. 20066610151 "Ametropia" dated January 10, 2006. Copyright: MEKO LLC (RU).

8. The journal "Technique of cinema and television", No. 8, 2001, pp. 11-16.

9. Collection of scientific papers in the field of engineering and technology of cinematography, issue 2, M., 2005, pp.21-40.

Claims (2)

1. Device for training accommodation, which includes an object and a lens, characterized in that the object is an image on a personal computer (PC) monitor screen, the shape and size of the lens are selected so that it covers only part of the object. 2. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that liquid crystal glasses are added.

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