RU2312937C1 - Method of rearrangement of the anode rods in the electrolyzer, which has the self-calcining anode and the upper feeding of the electric current - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: non-ferrous metallurgy; other industries; methods of rearrangement of the anode rods in the analyzers with the self-calcining anode and the upper feeding of the electric current.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to production of aluminum by the electrolysis of the fused salts in electrolyzer with the self-calcining anode and may be used for optimization of the methods of rearrangement of the anode rods from the lower level onto the upper level. The method includes installation of the anode rods in the anode enclosed in the anode casing, lift of the anode rod from the lower level to the upper level without its extraction from the anode with filling-up of the pit under the anode rod with the raw for production of aluminum. The anode rods and the anode itself are set tightly to the interior wall of the anode casing. The lift of the anode rod from the lower level onto the upper level is exercised without its- extraction from the anode. The pit under the anode rod is filled with the raw for production of aluminum through the hole in the side surface of the anode casing. The technical result of the invention is optimization of the method of rearrangement of the anode rods from the lower level onto the upper level, reduction of the labor input used for the anode rods rearrangement, the voltage drop in the anode and reduction- of the output of the carbonic foam.

EFFECT: the invention ensures optimization of the method of rearrangement of the anode rods from the lower level onto the upper level, reduction of the labor input used for the anode rods rearrangement, the voltage drop in the anode and reduction- of the output of the carbonic foam.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of aluminum by the electrolysis of molten salts in electrolyzers with a self-baking anode and can be used to optimize the technology for moving anode pins from the lower to the upper horizon.

A known method of permutation of the anode pins when applying current to continuous anodes (US patent No. 2680143, application. 04.17.1952, publ. 01.06.1954), in which the anode pins are not completely removed from the anode during the permutation. In this case, the anode pins rise up so that their lower ends do not leave the zone of the sintered part of the anode mass. Due to the conicity of the pins (1: 3 ÷ 1: 24), a liquid mass flows into the formed gap (12-38 mm) and fills the space under and around the anode pin. Then the anode pins are lowered until the mass has hardened. This causes sintering of the mass around the anode pin. The anode pin can be surrounded by a funnel through which a liquid or solid briquetted pin material can be fed into the space under the anode pin. Under the influence of the heat of the anode pin, the briquettes melt, providing contact between the anode and the anode pin.

The disadvantages of this method include the following. The use of a liquid anode mass, which spontaneously flows into the well under the anode pin, leads to a deterioration in the quality of the secondary anode, due to the high content of pitch in the liquid anode mass. When working with a dry anode, the hole under the anode pin is filled by loading a solid pin anode mass into the annular gap between the anode pin and the hole in the anode. The disadvantage in this case is the need to use a small briquette pin anode mass, as well as additional difficulties when loading the pin mass into a narrow annular gap.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a method of rearranging the anode pins on a cell with a continuous self-firing anode and top current lead (Norwegian patent No. 879586 21h 20/05, application. 10.03.1951, publ. 15.06.1953). In accordance with the prototype, the upper part of the anode pins in the area of the green sintered anode mass has a conical shape. Anode pins are installed in the anode enclosed in the anode casing. As the self-burning anode is consumed, the anode pin is lifted from the lower to the upper horizon. In this case, the anode pin is released for hauling by sharp blows of the pneumatic hammer and is not completely removed, but is raised stepwise by 20-40 cm and left in this position until the anode mass is sintered around the hot end of the anode pin. Then, an electrical contact is connected to the anode pin. To fill the hole under the anode pin, an anode mass, alumina or cryolite is introduced into the hole through a vertical channel in the body of the anode pin.

The disadvantages of the prototype method include the difficulty of filling the pin hole through the hole in the body of the anode pin with the anode mass, alumina or cryolite. In the lower hot part of the anode pin, sintering and sticking of the feed material is possible, which can lead to incomplete filling of the hole under the anode pin and the formation of through holes in the anode under the anode pins. In addition, additional problems arise due to the need to completely seal the holes in the anode pin to prevent gas emissions from the anode.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to reduce labor costs for rearranging the anode pins, as well as reducing the voltage drop in the anode and reducing the output of coal foam due to the efficient and reliable filling of the hole under the rearranged anode pin raw material for aluminum production.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to reduce the voltage drop in the anode by reducing the minimum distance from the bottom of the anode pins to the bottom of the anode, as well as reducing the yield of carbon foam due to the improvement of the quality of the secondary anode (in the case of using a pin anode mass) or due to the practical absence of a secondary anode ( when using alumina or cryolite as a pin raw material).

The problem is achieved in that in the method of rearranging the anode pins on an electrolyzer with a self-baking anode and an upper current lead, which includes installing the anode pins in the anode enclosed in the anode casing, raising the anode pin from the lower horizon to the upper one without removing it from the anode and filling the hole under the anode pin raw materials for producing aluminum, according to the invention, the anode pins are installed close to the inner wall of the anode casing, and the hole under the anode pin after it is raised from the lower horizon to the top fill through a hole in the side surface of the anode casing.

The technical result is guaranteed by filling the hole under the anode pin with raw materials for producing aluminum (anode mass, alumina, fluoride salts), which will provide good contact between the anode pin and the pin mass with the anode.

The analysis conducted by the applicant showed that the totality of the features is new, and the method itself satisfies the inventive step condition due to the novelty of the causal relationship “distinctive features - technical result”.

The method is implemented as follows.

The drawing shows a diagram of the permutation of the anode pin with filling the hole under the anode pin with raw materials through the side surface of the anode casing.

On the electrolyzer with a self-baking anode (1) and top current lead close to the anode casing (2), current-carrying metal anode pins (3) are installed. Anode pins can have a constant or variable cross-section in height. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the anode pin is a rectangle, triangle, polygon, circle, ellipse, and is not limited to the given shapes. Rearrangement of the anode pins (3) from the lower horizon to the upper is carried out without removing the anode pin from the anode. The anode pin is held up and locked at the desired height. In this case, under the anode pin, in direct contact with the inner wall of the anode casing, a hole is formed (4). On the outer wall of the anode casing in the area of the hole there is a hermetically sealed hole (5) through which raw materials for aluminum production are fed under pressure using an extruder into the hole under the anode pin. Anode pins (3) are connected to the anode bus by current-carrying elements (6). This ensures guaranteed filling of the hole under the anode pin with good contact between all elements.

A comparison of the features of the proposed technical solutions with the known revealed the following. Known permutation of the anode pins without removing them from the body of the anode. It is also known the introduction of raw materials for the production of aluminum into the pin hole through an opening in the body of the anode pin. Unknown loading of raw materials into the hole under the anode pin through the hole in the side surface of the anode casing with direct contact of the anode pin with the anode casing. This allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution is inventive.

The proposed technical solution reduces the labor required to rearrange the anode pins (there is no need to remove the pin and replace it with another), it ensures guaranteed high quality of the anode under the anode pins, as well as good contact of the anode pins with the anode. Reducing labor costs can also be achieved by reducing the number of anode pins in the anode of the cell.

Claims (1)

The method of moving the anode pins on an electrolytic cell with a self-burning anode and an upper current lead, including installing anode pins in the anode enclosed in the anode casing, lifting the anode pin from the lower horizon to the upper one without removing it from the anode with filling the hole under the anode pin with raw materials for producing aluminum, characterized in that the anode pins are installed close to the inner wall of the anode casing, and the hole under the anode pin after it is raised from the lower horizon to the upper is filled through an opening made in the sides th surface of the anode casing.