RU2312049C2 - Container for carrying dangerous and valuable loads - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering; containers for protected loads.

SUBSTANCE: proposed container has outer metal shell provided with metal layer, thermal protection and inner space. Inner space consists of housing made up of semihousings and thermal protection made of wood. Housings of inner space of semihousing are double layer ones, consisting of outer metal shell and inner layer made of heat-resistant nonmetallic material. Inner surface of metal shell in zone of butt joint is made cylindrical. Height of inner cylindrical part of metal shell is 1.5-3.5 of length of butt joint fasteners. Cylindrical surface of metal shell changes into spherical surface. Spherical part of metal shell of semihousings is 0.1-0.4 of thickness of end face part of metal shell of semihousing. Heat-resistant nonmetallic layer follows shape of outer shell and is made in cylindrical part with variable thickness. Relative to end face part of metal shell, thickness of nonmetallic layer from place of butt joint is from 0.1-0.4 to 0.6-1.5. In spherical part, thickness of heat-resistant nonmetallic layer is constant, being 0.6-1.5 relative to end face part of metal shell.

EFFECT: increased sealing of inner space and safety of carried load.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for transporting particularly dangerous objects and valuables by air. It can be used in various fields of technology and industry: in nuclear, mechanical engineering, in banking and museum business, etc.

Known fireproof container (US patent No. 3709169, IPC E05G 1/2, NKI 109-29, publ. 09/01/1973), designed to protect valuable items, such as securities, from fire or intense heat. Thermal insulation is provided inside the container, consisting of an outer layer of heat-resistant material, such as ceramic fiber, and an inner layer of absorbent material, such as glass paper, saturated with water. The inner layer is placed in a waterproof casing, for example of polyethylene, which is destroyed by exposure to elevated temperatures. Ventilation devices allow steam that forms under the action of intense heat in the inner layer of thermal insulation to go inside the tank and cause a further temperature slowdown by absorbing heat. Ventilation devices provide a slow exit of steam from the tank through the channel formed between the lid and the container itself, which slows the spread of heat inward through this channel. In a preferred embodiment, water-saturated elongated fibrous adsorbent material is located between the outer frame and the inner container, in a place subject to heat transfer at high speed, for example along the rack between the outer frame and the inner container. The disadvantages of such protection are:

1. The possibility of evaporation of water through openings in the casing formed during mechanical damage, which during subsequent heating will not slow down the temperature increase by absorbing heat from the process of vaporization, thereby deteriorating heat-shielding properties and eliminating the possibility of reuse of protection.

2. The container is not resistant to the complex effects of mechanical, bullet and thermal types.

A fireproof safe is known (UK application No. 2168402, IPC E05G 1/00, publ. 06/18/1986). The safe contains a container and a lid. Each of the elements has an outer casing, an inner lining and an intermediate insulating layer of resistant and refractory material. The inner lining has a filler made of a phase-changing material, such as paraffin, which has the property of absorbing heat.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1. Inability to withstand impacts in the form of a cross and falling from a great height with a speed of encounter with a solid surface of 70-90 m / s.

2. Reduced heat-shielding properties during mechanical damage to structural elements due to the possible embrace of heat-resistant material and leakage of material that changes the phase state when heated.

3. The change in the phase state of the material is associated with a change in its volume, which can lead to damage or destruction of the safe itself, since it does not provide structural elements that exclude or reduce this effect.

A known container for the transport of dangerous and valuable goods (RU 2175457, IPC G21F 5/00, publ. 10/27/2001) containing an outer metal shell, in which a metal layer is sequentially installed, thermal protection made of wood and an inner container for transported cargo. The internal capacity is a body made of half-shells, and thermal protection made of wood. The outer metal shell, the metal layer, thermal protection and the inner container for the transported cargo are made spherical. The outer metal shell, the metal layer and the housing of the inner container are assembled in closed shells using joints made in mutually perpendicular planes. The container has a fairly high protective properties to impact when dropped on a hard surface, bullets of small arms, fragmentation weapons and aircraft fire.

However, when this protective container collides at a speed of 70-90 m / s with a solid barrier, the outer shell and the metal layer experience severe deformation. Moreover, the deformation is not local, but all-embracing. The outer shell and the metal layer on the side of the impact deform the thermal protection of the wood in a closed volume between the body of the inner tank and the metal layer. In turn, the internal capacity due to its inertia movement acts on the thermal protection of wood and additionally compresses it. At the same time, the housing of the internal container experiences a strong dynamic load, as a result of which the deformation of its components (half-shells) occurs and, as a result, the joint opens up due to the fact that individual fastening elements of the joint receive a high level of plastic deformation and can collapse. As a result of this, the tightness of the internal container may be impaired and leakage of heat flow into it when exposed to fire, as well as moisture from the environment. Ultimately, with these effects on the container, damage to the transported cargo is not ruled out.

The container for the transport of dangerous and valuable goods according to the patent of Russia No. 2175457 is close in task to the claimed one and is selected as a prototype.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the reliability of preservation of the transported cargo with a volume of up to 10 l and a weight of up to 30 kg from high-impact accidents that occur during an aircraft accident, with the minimum possible cost of the container mass to the useful volume of not more than 90 kg / l.

The technical result achieved during the implementation of the invention is expressed in increasing the tightness of the inner container for the transported cargo by reducing the plastic deformation of the joints of the hull and the claimed shells, which, ultimately, eliminates damage to the transported cargo from complex effects in an accident (fall, fire, cross) .

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the container for the transport of dangerous and valuable goods containing an outer metal shell, in which a metal layer is sequentially installed, thermal protection made of wood and an inner container for the transported cargo, consisting of a body made of half-bodies, and thermal protection made of wood, the outer shell, the metal layer, thermal protection and the inner container for the transported cargo are made in the form of bodies of revolution, as well as the outer shell, metal loi housing and inner receptacle are collected in the closed shell via joints formed in mutually perpendicular planes, an inner half shell container formed by two-layer of a metal outer shell and an inner layer of heat-resistant non-metallic material. The inner surface of the metal shell in the area of the joint has a cylindrical shape. The height of the inner cylindrical surface of the metal shell is 1.5 ÷ 3.5 of the length of the fasteners of the joint. The cylindrical surface of the metal shell passes into a spherical surface. The spherical part of the half-shell metal shell is 0.1–0.4 times the thickness of the end part of the half-shell metal shell. The heat-resistant non-metallic layer repeats the shape of the outer shell and has a variable thickness in the cylindrical part - with respect to the end part of the metal shell from the junction, the thickness of the non-metallic layer is from 0.1 ÷ 0.4 to 0.6 ÷ 1.5. In the spherical part, the thickness of the heat-resistant non-metallic layer has a constant value and with respect to the end part of the metal shell is 0.6 ÷ 1.5.

This technical solution allows the collision of the container with a solid barrier with a speed of 70-90 m / s to shift the deformation region into the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells and relieve the joint zone during dynamic impact from the outer shell, metal layer and thermal protection. This is on the one hand. And on the other hand, the inner layer of heat-resistant non-metallic material protects the joint from the impact of the pressing parts of the inner tank and the load installed in it. A layer of heat-resistant non-metallic material in the cylindrical part is deformed and reduces the level of loading of the joint zone between the half-shells of the inner tank. Due to the fact that the height of the inner cylindrical surface of the metal shell is 1.5 ÷ 3.5 of the length of the fasteners of the joint, and the heat-resistant non-metallic layer repeats the shape of the outer shell and has a variable thickness in the cylindrical part - smaller in the joint zone and large in the zone transition to a spherical surface, - almost complete elimination of deformation in the fasteners of the joints, its smooth appearance and growth in the direction of the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells is achieved. At the same time, the heat-resistant layer does not limit the deformation of the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells to an acceptable limit. Moreover, the thickness of the spherical part is selected in such a way that, on the one hand, its destruction does not occur during deformation and, as a result, the tightness of the internal capacity is violated, and the shock energy is completely extinguished, on the other hand.

Cargo protection from the effects of a high-intensity aircraft fire is ensured by the combination of thermal protection of the container made of wood, internal capacity and a layer of heat-resistant non-metallic material of the half-shells of the internal capacity. The outer metal shell and the metal layer protect the transported cargo from the effects of small arms bullets. They also protect thermal protection from bullet and other mechanical damage.

If the height of the inner cylindrical surface of the metal shell is less than 1.5 ÷ 3.5 of the length of the fasteners of the joint, then it is not possible to shift the deformation region into the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells and relieve the joint zone during dynamic impact from the side of the outer shell, the metal layer and thermal protection . Therefore, the fasteners may collapse, and the internal container may be depressurized. And, conversely, an increase in this height more than the proposed value leads to the fact that the region of plastic deformation begins to cover not only a spherical surface, but also partially cylindrical. Fasteners fall into this area and begin to deform plastically, while it is possible to open the junction of the internal container and its depressurization. The choice of the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells with a thickness of less than 0.1-0.4 of the thickness of its end part leads to the fact that when it is deformed, complete damping of the impact energy is not achieved. In this case, an unacceptable hugging of the cargo may occur. On the other hand, if the thickness of the spherical part of the metal shell is more than 0.1-0.4 of the thickness of its end part, then it is not possible to shift the deformation region into the spherical part of the metal shell and relieve the joint zone between the half-shells. In this case, the joint opens, depressurization of the internal container and damage to the cargo during subsequent emergency actions in the form of a fire, moisture entering the container, as well as the release of harmful, toxic and radioactive substances into the environment if they are transported in such a container. Due to the fact that the heat-resistant non-metallic layer repeats the shape of the outer shell and in the cylindrical part has a variable thickness - with respect to the end part of the metal shell from the junction, the thickness of the non-metallic layer is from 0.1 ÷ 0.4 to 0.6 ÷ 1, 5, the effect of eliminating deformation of the joint elements is achieved. In this case, the load is transferred smoothly from the joint zone to the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells. As a result, these parts absorb almost all the impact effects, while they are elastoplastic deformed without fracture. A significant increase in the thickness of the non-metallic layer in the cylindrical part leads to the fact that the joint zone can receive significant displacements and deformations upon impact, which, ultimately, cause its opening, which is unacceptable. And vice versa, its reduction leads to the fact that the joint will perceive a pulsed high-intensity impact, which leads to brittle destruction of the fastening elements and the subsequent opening of the joint. In the spherical part, the thickness of the heat-resistant non-metallic layer has a constant value and with respect to the end part of the metal shell is 0.6 ÷ 1.5. If its thickness is reduced to less than 0.6 ÷ 1.5 with respect to the end part of the metal shell, then the heat-resistant layer under shock loading, realized in the form of compression, exhausts its elastic-plastic properties, turns into a rigid support for the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells and limits it deformation, while complete damping of the impact energy is not achieved. The joint experiences significant loads and deformations leading to its disclosure. With an increase in the thickness of the heat-resistant non-metallic layer more than the proposed value, the spherical part of the metal shell of the half-shells under elastic-plastic deformation does not receive the necessary back pressure from the heat-resistant layer, which leads to its destruction in the zone of plastic deformation and loss of tightness of the inner container.

Thus, the claimed technical solution provides protection of the transported cargo from high-impact accidents that occur in an aircraft accident, by eliminating the disclosure of the junction of the housing of the inner container of the protective container.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the container for the transport of dangerous and valuable goods, and Fig.2 - container after accident exposure, where

1 - outer metal shell;

2 - thermal protection;

3 - internal capacity for the transported cargo;

4 - a half-shell of the housing of the internal container;

5 - thermal protection of the internal container for the transported cargo;

6 - metal layer;

7 - the outer metal shell of the half-shell of the inner tank for the cargo;

8 - the inner layer of the half-shell of the inner tank of heat-resistant non-metallic material;

9 - fasteners;

10 - a cylindrical part of the outer metal shell of the inner tank;

11 is a cylindrical part of a layer of heat-resistant non-metallic material.

The container for the transport of dangerous and valuable goods contains an outer metal shell 1, in which a metal layer 6, thermal protection 2 and an inner container 3 for the transported cargo are successively installed. The internal capacity is a body made of half-shells 4, and thermal protection 5 of wood. The outer metal shell 1, the metal layer 6, thermal protection 2 and the inner container 3 for the transported cargo are made in the form of bodies of revolution. The outer metal shell 1, the metal layer 6 and the housing of the inner container 3 are assembled by fasteners 9 into closed shells using joints made in mutually perpendicular planes. The half-shells 4 of the inner tank 3 are made two-layer from the outer metal shell 7 and the inner layer 8 of heat-resistant non-metallic material. The inner surface of the metal shell 7 in the area of the junction has a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical surface of the part 10 of the metal shell 7 passes into a spherical surface. Heat-resistant non-metallic layer 8 repeats the shape of the outer shell 7 and has a variable thickness in the cylindrical part 11.

Consider one of the most likely and severe sequences of the development of an accident with a container transported by an airplane. Terrorists hijack a plane. As a result of the shootout, small arms bullets fall into the container, but the transported cargo does not suffer damage, since bullet protection is adequately provided by the outer metal shell 1 and metal layer 6. Due to the fact that the terrorists used weapons with armor-piercing incendiary bullets, the cargo compartment of the aircraft a fire. Protection of cargo from the effects of fire in the container is provided by thermal protection 2 and 5. Terrorists fire an explosive device. This leads to catastrophic destruction of the aircraft. When the aircraft is destroyed in the air during a cruise flight mode, the container drops out of the aircraft and falls from a height of 9000-10000 m to the Earth's surface. When the protective container collides at a speed of 70-90 m / s with a solid barrier, the outer shell 1 and the metal layer 6 experience strong deformation. The shell 1 and the layer 6 on the impact side deform the thermal shield 2 located between the body of the inner tank 3 and layer 6. B in turn, the internal capacity 3 due to its inertial motion acts on thermal protection 2 and additionally compresses it. At the same time, in the case of the inner tank 3, its half-shells 4 are deformed. Moreover, the maximum deformation region shifts to the spherical part of the outer metal shell 7 of the half-shells 4 and the joint zone of the half-shells of the inner tank 3 is unloaded during dynamic impact from the side of the outer shell 1, layer 6 and thermal protection 2. The inner layer 8 of heat-resistant non-metallic material protects the joint of the half-shells 4 of the inner tank 3 from the effects of the pressing parts of the inner tank 3 and the load installed in it . The layer 8 of heat-resistant non-metallic material in the cylindrical part 11 is deformed and reduces the level of loading of the joint zone between the half-shells 4 of the housing of the inner tank 3. In this case, almost complete exclusion of deformation in the fastening elements 9 of the joint is achieved. The heat-resistant layer 8 does not limit the deformation of the spherical part of the metal shell 7 of the half-shell 4 to an acceptable limit. However, their destruction does not occur. As a result of this, the tightness of the inner container 3 is not violated, the leakage into its heat flow is prevented if it is possible after a fall to a fire and moisture from the environment. The container provides reliable protection of the transported cargo from emergency and damaging effects.

As an example of a specific industrial implementation of the container, the following execution is proposed:

The outer metal shell 1 and the metal layer 6 are made of steel 12X18H10T. Thermal protection 2 and thermal protection 5 of the inner tank 3 for the transported cargo is made of pine impregnated with fire retardant. The outer metal shell 1, the metal layer 6, thermal protection 2 and the inner container 3 for the transported cargo are made in the form of a sphere. The outer metal shell 1, the metal layer 6 and the housing of the inner container 3 are assembled by fasteners 9 into closed shells using joints made in mutually perpendicular planes. The half-shells 4 of the inner tank 3 are made of two layers of the outer metal shell 7 of steel 12X18H10T and the inner layer 8 of heat-resistant non-metallic material based on glass material. The inner surface of the portion 10 of the metal shell 7 in the area of the junction has a cylindrical shape. The height of the inner cylindrical part of the metal shell 7 is two times greater than the length of the fastening elements 9 of the joint and is equal to 76 mm The cylindrical surface of the metal shell 7 passes into a spherical surface. The spherical part of the metal shell 7 of the half-shell 4 has a thickness of 3 mm and is 0.15 thickness from the thickness of the end part of the metal shell 7 of the half-shell 4. The heat-resistant non-metallic layer 8 repeats the shape of the outer shell 7 and has a variable thickness in the cylindrical part 11. At its junction the thickness is 4 mm, and in the spherical part - 22 mm. With respect to the end part of the metal shell 7 from the junction, the thickness of the non-metallic layer 8 is 0.3, and in the spherical part it is 1.1.

The inventive design allows to solve the task of developing a protective container that reliably preserves it from high-impact accidents that occur during an aircraft accident by eliminating the disclosure of the junction of the hull of the internal container, with the smallest possible mass and size costs - not more than 90 kg / l with the mass of transported cargo up to 30 kg and a volume of up to 10 liters.

The calculations and tests confirmed the claimed technical result.

Claims (1)

A container for the transport of dangerous and valuable goods containing an outer metal shell in which a metal layer is sequentially installed, thermal protection and an inner container for the transported cargo, the inner container is a housing made of half-shells, and thermal protection is made of wood, the outer metal shell, the metal layer, thermal protection and the inner container for the transported cargo are made in the form of bodies of revolution, the outer metal shell, the metal layer and the body are inner th containers are assembled in closed shells using joints made in mutually perpendicular planes, characterized in that the half-shells of the inner container are made of two layers of the outer metal shell and the inner layer of heat-resistant non-metallic material, the inner surface of the metal shell in the joint location zone has a cylindrical shape, passing spherical, while the height of the inner cylindrical surface of the metal shell is 1.5 ÷ 3.5 of the length of the fasteners the joint, and the thickness of the spherical part is 0.1 ÷ 0.4 of the thickness of its end part, the heat-resistant non-metallic layer repeats the shape of the outer shell and in the cylindrical part has a variable thickness - with respect to the end part of the metal shell from the junction, the thickness is from 0, 1 ÷ 0.4 to 0.6 ÷ 1.5, and in the spherical constant - 0.6 ÷ 1.5.

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