RU2244253C1 - Container for localization of explosion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment of environment protection against explosion effect and localization of explosion products in a closed space; the main field of use-designing and manufacture of protective devices (containers) for experiments, realization of explosive and potentially dangerously explosive processes, for prevention of disastrous aftereffects of emergency situations; the problem is to design a container that can localize the products of blasting of a dangerously explosive object of increased dimensions, enhance its being capacity and reliability at a decreased specific consumption of materials.

SUBSTANCE: according to the invention, the container cylindrical body is made with reinforced end faces, with an inner cylindrical shell and bottoms fastened to it, and the plates are made circular and coupled to stiffening ribs evenly distributed in circumference and fastened to the bottoms and the inner shell. The holes of the circular plates in the inner cavity are closed with plates, flat bearing members are installed on the side of the inlet in the gap between the circular plates, the bearing members have a possibility of radial motion and fixation, the plates-resting on the bearing members are installed for opening and closing.

EFFECT: enhanced specific bearing capacity of the container, reliable and safe isolation of disastrous aftereffects for the environment with probable blasting of bursting devices of any type inside it.

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Description

The invention relates to techniques for protecting the environment from explosive effects and localization in a closed volume of explosion products.

The main area of its use is the design and manufacture of protective devices (containers) for experiments, the implementation of explosive and potentially explosive technologies, to prevent the catastrophic consequences of emergency situations in which there is a risk of explosion with the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere in the form of aerosols and gaseous fractions.

Known technical solution for "Explosion", MKI F 42 D 5/04 (publication in BI No. 30 of 10.27.97). In the specified device, containing an outer metal cylindrical body with flat bottoms having external stiffeners, shock absorbers in the form of a set of metal cylindrical shells located coaxially with the shell of the body, and plates located parallel to the bottoms and separated by a filler, the plates are freely supported on frames mounted on the inner surface of the outer cylindrical body. The internal working cavity of the device is connected with the cavity between the bottom and the nearest shock-absorbing plate with channels to ensure the flow of explosion products and equalize the pressure between the cavities in order to reduce the deformation of the plates. The disadvantage of this device is the technological complexity of manufacturing and increased material consumption. In addition, when loading the plates, the forces from them are transmitted through rigidly fixed frames to the local zones of the outer casing, which creates additional loads in these zones. Due to the flow of gas through the passageways from the internal working cavity of the device into the cavity in front of the bottom, there is a fairly rapid increase in pressure that acts on the bottom, which necessitates an increase in the rigidity of the bottom due to the introduction of stiffeners. It is also quite difficult to calculate the cross section of the passage channels, which would provide an effective flow rate of the explosion products to equalize the pressures in the cavities of the device. In this device, there is the problem of creating a sealed entry into the internal cavity with its other strength elements. Those. Together, these factors lead to a limitation of the bearing capacity and functionality of the container.

Closest to the invention, the known technical solution (prototype) is a container for storing and transporting explosive materials (US Patent No. 4055247, CL F 42 B 37/02, publ. 25.10.77). The container contains a metal cylindrical body with flat bottoms, one of which is sealed into the internal cavity, shock absorbers made in the form of cylindrical shells, one of which is attached to the bottoms mounted coaxially with a gap relative to the body and plates located parallel to the bottoms, separated by energy absorbing material. Shock absorbers protect the cylindrical body and the bottom of the container from destruction by reducing the level of explosive load during their plastic deformation. Additional shells are fixed on the cylindrical body and the cylindrical shell of the shock absorber in contact with them, overlapping and reinforcing the central zone of the container, which is the most loaded during the explosion. The disadvantage of this device is the technological complexity of manufacturing, increased material consumption, low usable volume, limited by the internal insert. In addition, the properties of the plates to absorb the explosion energy during their deformation are not fully used due to the possibility of local destruction at the initial stage of the process when the plates are rigidly connected to cylindrical shells, which exclude the plate from the role of the energy-absorbing element and their subsequent movement to the bottom side, which increases the load on the bottom and reduces the reliability of the design. It should also be noted that shock absorber plates do not cover the entire area of the bottom with the neck being closed by a lid. Therefore, an unprotected area of the neck remains, where because of this, to increase the strength, it is necessary to increase the wall thickness, and this in turn increases the likelihood of brittle fracture of this element with small deformations. The combination of the above disadvantages reduces the strength and reliability of the container.

The technical task to be solved is the development of a container (device) capable of localizing the products of an emergency or authorized explosion of an explosive object inside its internal cavity, increasing its bearing capacity and reliability. In addition, the container must ensure that explosive objects are loaded into it that are close in diameter to the diameter of its inner case, while reducing its material consumption. The problem is solved by reducing the impact of the air shock wave, explosion products and fragments on the sealed outer container body and weakening the effect of the explosive (pulsed) load to a safe level on the elements of the inner circuit.

The expected result from the implementation of the technical solution is the increased specific load-bearing capacity of the explosion-proof container, reliable and environmentally friendly isolation of the damaging effects, with the possible explosion of any kind of explosive devices inside it, including those located in the housing in combination with harmful and toxic materials, ensuring transportability such containers.

The specified technical result is achieved by the container for localization of explosion products, containing an external metal cylindrical body (shell) with flat bottoms, one of which has an entrance to the internal cavity, closed by a strong airtight cover, and an internal load-absorbing circuit made in the form of a metal cylindrical shell mounted coaxially with a gap relative to the housing and attached to the bottoms, in contact with which an additional shell is fixed, overlapping the central hydrochloric cavity zone and plates disposed in parallel and attached to the bottoms of the inner shell.

What is new is that the cylindrical body is made with thickened ends to which the inner cylindrical shell and bottoms are attached, and the plates are circular and connected to stiffeners uniformly distributed around the circumference, attached to the bottoms and inner shell. The holes of the annular plates in the inner cavity are closed by plates, from the entrance side in the gap between the annular plates, flat supporting elements are installed that have the ability to radially move and fix, and the plate resting on the supporting elements is installed with the possibility of opening and closing.

The thickened ends of the body serve as a support for the inner cylindrical shell and bottoms, prevent the opening and destruction of the shell in this area with a possible deflection of the bottoms. Ring plates connected to the ribs that are attached to the inner shell serve as a support for the plates covering the holes in the plates. Due to plastic deformation, all these elements are able to absorb part of the explosion energy, thereby reducing the load on the bottoms. The creation of an extended region of contact between the ribs and the inner shell allows you to redistribute the load throughout this region, commensurate with the length of the ribs, eliminate local bending of the shell, and also increase the stiffness of the connected shell-bottom system, which also reduces the likelihood of fracture in the area of the thickened end. Flat support elements installed on the entrance side in the gap between the annular plates when diluted in the radial direction until they touch the inner shell can significantly increase the inlet in the container cavity and thereby place a load of a larger size there. However, in this case, it is not necessary to increase the diameter of the plate resting on the supporting elements and covering the hole in the annular plate, since the diameter of the hole when the supporting elements are reduced to the position extreme to the container rotation axis decreases again. Because the plate in the open position occupies part of the useful volume of the internal cavity, then, without increasing its size, thereby providing a larger useful volume of the cavity where the load is placed. In this case, the plate and supporting elements in the closed position have sufficient rigidity and strength to maintain integrity under pulsed (explosive) exposure and subsequent deformation.

The drawing shows the proposed device in section.

The device is as follows.

The outer metal casing consists of a cylindrical shell 1, from the ends thickened by annular flanges 7, on the inner protrusions of which are supported the bottoms 2 and 3. The bottoms, flanges and the outer shell are fixed to each other. On one bottom there is an entrance to the inner cavity, closed by a sealed cover 4. A cylindrical shell 5, in contact with which there is another shell 6, overlapping the Central zone, is attached to the bottoms. Parallel to the bottoms are ring plates 8, connected to the ribs 9, evenly distributed around the circumference and attached to the inner shell 5 and ring 10. In the inner cavity from the side of the deaf bottom, the hole of the ring plate 8 is closed by the plate 11. On the input side, another one is parallel to the ring plate 8 an annular plate 12 with a gap relative to the first and attached to the inner cylindrical shell by welding and scarves 13. In the gap between the plates are installed flat supporting elements 14, each which has the ability to move along the rails in the radial direction and be fixed in extreme positions. A plate 15 is fastened to the inner annular plate 12 on two loops, covering the hole of the annular plate in the position when the support elements are shifted to the extreme position to the axis of the container.

The container for the localization of the explosion works as follows.

When an object (cargo) explodes in the inner cavity of the container, loading and plastic deformation of the shock absorbers takes place: cylindrical shells 5, 6, plates 11, 15 and ring plates 8, 12. The ribs 9, to which the ring plates are connected, also, partially deformed, transmit forces on the cylindrical shell 5 and the bottoms 2 and 3. In this case, the load is evenly distributed over the shell in the area of contact with the ribs. Ribs rigidly connected with the shell, as well as thickening with the annular flanges of the ends of the outer cylindrical shell, prevent the ends from opening when the bottoms are possibly deflected.

The design is made in such a way that between the cylindrical shells 1 and 5 of the external and internal circuits there is a gap that must be maintained after loading so that the pulsed action is not transmitted to the outer shell of the housing. In the central zone where the explosive object is located, the load during the explosion is greater, therefore, the shell 5 of the inner loop is enhanced by introducing at least one more cylindrical shell 6 in contact with the inner loop of the container. This shell simultaneously performs the role of anti-shatter protection. Even if the integrity of the shell 5 of the inner contour is lost, for example, due to the impact of fragments formed during the explosion on it, the outer casing remains airtight and keeps the explosion products inside the container.

When the object is placed in the container, when the lid 4 and the plate 15 are open, the supporting elements 14 installed on the entrance side are spread in the radial direction in the gap between the ring plates 8 and 12, so that they can significantly increase the inlet opening into the container cavity during the loading process and thereby place a cargo of a larger size there. After placing the explosive object in the internal cavity of the container, the supporting elements are reduced to the extreme position to the axis of rotation of the container, and the plate 15 is closed, while it rests on the supporting elements 14.

Using the calculation and experimental studies, the enterprise shows the possibility of implementing technical solutions used in the container. Experiments were carried out with reduced model samples of the container, in which it was found that the container of the claimed design reliably localizes a charge explosion with the package forming fragments with a margin of one and a half in load bearing capacity.

The proposed container can be used for storage and transportation of emergency ammunition or a terrorist object containing, along with explosives, radioactive and harmful materials; during experimental work with explosive objects; for disassembling and destroying ammunition.

Claims (1)

An explosion containment container containing a metal cylindrical body with flat bottoms, one of which has a sealed entrance to the internal cavity, shock absorbers made in the form of an internal cylindrical shell mounted coaxially with a gap relative to the body and attached to the bottoms, and plates parallel to the bottoms and fixed on the inner shell, in contact with which is fixed an additional shell that overlaps the Central zone of the cavity, characterized in that the body is made with thickened ends, the plates are circular and connected to stiffeners evenly distributed around the circumference, attached to the bottoms and the inner shell, the holes of the ring plates are closed by plates, from the entrance side in the gap between the ring plates there are installed flat supporting elements with the possibility of radial movement and fixation moreover, the plate resting on the supporting elements is installed with the possibility of opening and closing.