RU2311954C2 - Enterosorbent and a method for preparation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical industry.

SUBSTANCE: enterosorbent represents a powder with particle size 0.1-1.0 mm obtained from inner birch bark subjected to extraction and treatment with aqueous alkali solution. Particularly, inner birch bark is first ground and then extracted with a series of solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, and water before treatment with 0.5-2.0% alkali solution at 60-100^°C for 0.5-1.0 h followed by washing with water, thickening, and drying to air-dry state.

EFFECT: enlarged assortment of enterosorbents obtained from vegetable raw material and utilized woodworking waste.

2 cl, 6 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the medical industry and relates to a medicinal product that can be used as an enterosorbent, in particular for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal infections, exogenous and endogenous intoxications, disorders of fat and other types of metabolism. The proposed drug can also be used in veterinary medicine and as a sorbent in the chemical industry.

A sorbent is known from birch wood with a particle size of 1-5 mm (sawdust), which is pre-irradiated with ionizing radiation, then ground to a fraction of 0.1-0.25 mm, boiled for 0.5 h with a water module of 5 in 0.1% a solution of caustic potassium, washed with hot water and allocate the target product (RU 2089284, 09/10/97).

The disadvantage of this method is the need to use specific equipment for the irradiation of wood raw materials.

Known enterosorbent of plant origin: medical lignin (polyphepan) obtained by processing lignin - a product of the hydrolysis of carbohydrate components of coniferous and deciduous wood. Enterosorbent is an odorless and tasteless powder, practically insoluble in water, and when taken orally, it is capable of adsorbing bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines, 14th ed., 2 t, 2001, p.205).

Known methods for producing medical lignin include alkaline treatment of hydrolytic lignin, washing the liquor, neutralizing the alkali remaining in the lignin with acetic acid, washing with water, grinding and dehydrating the suspension, and drying the product to obtain a substance (Book. Enterosorption, ed. N. N. Belyakov, L., 1991, SU 556811, 1975, SU 919186, 1983).

A disadvantage of the known enterosorbent and methods for its preparation is the need to use specific raw materials - hydrolysis lignin, for the production of which special equipment is required.

Closest to the proposed invention is a lignin-based enterosorbent, which is an aqueous suspension containing lignin particles with a size of 0.005-0.25 mm, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Lignin - 14-20%, water - the rest.

However, the raw material for the production of enterosorbent is hydrolysis lignin.

A method of obtaining this enterosorbent comprises treating hydrolysis lignin with a solution of 0.5-2.0% alkali at a temperature of 20-100 ° C and a hydromodule 2-7 for 30-60 minutes, washing with water, neutralizing, grinding and thickening the suspension to dry particles lignin 14-20% by weight and disintegration to a particle size of lignin of 0.005-0.25 mm (RU 2026078, 09/01/1995.).

In the known method get enterosorbent from hydrolytic lignin, but due to the reduction of hydrolysis production, the raw material base for this method is reduced. Therefore, the search for additional sources of raw materials remains relevant.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of enterosorbents from plant materials. In addition, the task was to develop an economical method for its production, which does not require the use of expensive equipment and utilizes wood processing waste.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the enterosorbent based on lignin-containing raw materials according to the invention is a powder with a particle size of 0.1-1.0 mm, obtained from birch bark bast extracted and processed with an aqueous alkali solution.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the method of producing enterosorbent, including grinding lignin-containing raw materials, treating them with an aqueous alkali solution, neutralizing, washing with water, thickening and drying to an air-dry state, according to the invention, birch bark is used as lignin-containing raw materials, which before alkaline treatment is sequentially extracted with a number of solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, isopropanol and water.

In the present invention, in contrast to the prototype, lignin-containing raw materials that are extracted and processed with an aqueous alkali solution are birch bark bast, which is usually a waste of woodworking, which makes this enterosorbent and its production method economical.

In addition, the hallmark of the prototype is the introduction of a new stage - preliminary extraction of crushed to 0.1-1.0 mm bast with a number of solvents. The raw materials used were the birch bark bark (Betula pendula Roth) of the following composition (% wt.): Lignin substances 34.8, polysaccharides 49.1, water-soluble substances 13.7, and mineral substances 3.4. When the bast is sequentially extracted with the indicated solvents, the content of water-soluble substances (from 13.7 to 1.5%), as well as polysaccharides (from 49.1 to 37, 9%), lignin substances (from 34.8 to 20, 2%) and minerals (from 3.4 to 2.4%).

Removing extractive substances located in the pores of the particles of the bast promotes the formation of a developed porous structure, which ensures the emergence of qualitatively new sorption properties, namely, it allows the drug to sorb high-molecular and medium-molecular compounds, which, in particular, include protein toxins. Due to the presence of pores, the enterosorbent based on bast bast has a high specific surface and is capable of adsorbing various organic and inorganic substances, including biogenic amines and bile acids. The resulting enterosorbent has a high sorption ability, which is associated not only with a developed internal surface, but also with the presence of various functional groups in its macromolecules. This allows you to bind and excrete gases, alkaloids, bacterial cells and their metabolic products, exogenous and endogenous toxins that penetrate the gastrointestinal tract, cholesterol, bilirubin, as well as biologically active substances - serotonin, histamine, and mast cell products. Enterosorbent restores intestinal biocenosis, improves lipid metabolism, normalizes bilirubin content, transaminase and amylase activity, reduces the concentration of toxins in blood, plasma and ascitic fluid, and other biochemical parameters disturbed by exo- and endotoxemia.

The effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of enterosorbents was tested in acute gastrointestinal infections of linear mice.

Table 1
The results of treatment with enterosorbent from bast birch bark of acute Escherichiosis in mice Group of animals Dose of enterosorbent mg / kg Antibiotic use Duration of treatment, h Case,% Notes, (application time) * Mouse 3,5-4,3 Not used 48-72 No In the initial period of the disease Mouse 3,5-4,3 Not used 72-96 No With moderate disease The control Applied 120 67 In the initial period of the disease Adult mice 5.0-6.0 Not used 36-60 No In the initial period of the disease Adult mice 5.0-6.0 Not used 48-72 No With moderate disease * the frequency of administration of the drug - 2 times a day

The method of obtaining enterosorbent is as follows.

Birch bark, which consists of birch bark (outer layer) and bast (inner layer located between the bark and wood), is crushed on a disintegrator. Due to the fact that birch bark has a higher mechanical strength than a bast, after grinding on a disintegrator, birch bark particles have an average size of 2-3 mm, and a bast is less than 0.5 mm. After separation, birch bark is used to fractionate the particles of the bast.

Birch bast bast bark with particle sizes of 0.1-1.0 mm is sequentially extracted with a number of solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, isopropanol and water. The solid residue of extraction is loaded into the reactor and poured with a 0.5-2.0% alkali solution (hydraulic module 7). The mixture is heated to 60-100 ° C and maintained for 30-60 minutes, after which the bast is separated from the alkaline solution, washed with water, neutralized with alkaline acid and dried to air-dry state.

The sorption capacity of the obtained enterosorbent was evaluated by the adsorption of iodine, methylene blue and bilirubin; the well-known medical enterosorbent based on the polyphepan hydrolysis lignin was used as a reference sample.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. 5 g of bast birch bark with a particle size of 0.1-1.0 mm sequentially extracted with a number of solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, isopropanol and water. The solid residue is treated with a 0.5% solution of NaOH at hydromodule 7 and a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour, washed with water, diluted with acetic acid (10%) and again with water until neutral, dried to air-dry state. The sorption capacity of the obtained sorbent in relation to methylene blue is 42.0 mg / g, and in iodine - 39.8 mg / g (see table 1).

Example 2. The method is carried out as in example 1, only the alkaline treatment of the extracted bast is carried out at a temperature of 100 ° C. The sorption capacity of the obtained sample in relation to methylene blue is 47.4 mg / g, and in iodine - 41.8 mg / g (see Table 1).

Example 3. The method is carried out as in example 1, but the alkaline treatment of the extracted bast is carried out with a 1.0% NaOH solution. The sorption capacity of the obtained sorbent in the ratio of methylene blue is 47.5 mg / g, and in iodine - 25.4 mg / g (see table 1).

table 2
Sorption capacity of enterosorbents obtained by alkaline treatment of the extracted birch bark bast Sample Bast processing conditions Sorption capacity Methylene blue, mg / g Iodine% Bilirubin, μmol / g one 0.5% NaOH at 60 ° C, 1 h 42.0 39.8 - 2 0.5% NaOH at 100 ° C, 1 h 47.4 41.8 - 3 1% NaOH at 60 ° C, 1 h 47.5 25,4 - four 1% NaOH at 100 ° C, 1 h 43.0 29.2 38,0 5 2% NaOH at 60 ° C, 1 h 42.5 27.9 38,0 6 2% NaOH at 100 ° C, 1 h 44.5 29.8 57.0 Polyphepan Derived from Hydrolytic Lignin 35.6 18.6 13.8

Example 4. The method is carried out as in example 1, but the extracted bast is treated with a 1.0% NaOH solution at a hydromodule 7 at a temperature of 100 ° for 0.5 hours. Sorption properties of the obtained sample are presented in table 1. The sorption capacity of the obtained sorbent in relation to methylene blue is 43.0 mg / g, and in iodine - 29.2 mg / g (see table 1).

Example 5. The method is carried out as in example 1, but the extracted bast is treated with a 2.0% NaOH solution at a hydromodule 7 at a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour. Sorption properties of the obtained sample are presented in table 1. The sorption capacity of the obtained sorbent in relation to methylene blue is 42.5 mg / g, and in iodine - 27.9 mg / g

Example 6. The method is carried out as in example 1, but the extracted bast is treated with a 2.0% solution of NaOH with a hydromodule 7 at a temperature of 100 ° C for 1 hour. Sorption properties of the obtained sample are presented in table 1. The sorption capacity of the obtained sorbent in relation to methylene blue is 44.5 mg / g, and in iodine - 29.8 mg / g.

Comparison of samples of enterosorbent obtained from bast with enterosorbent obtained under the same conditions from hydrolytic lignin showed that the indicators of their sorption activity with respect to methylene blue and iodine are similar, and that with bilirubin, the activity of enterosorbent from bast of birch is much higher.

T.O. the present invention provides an enterosorbent based on bast of birch bark, which can be used to treat acute and chronic intestinal infections, exogenous and endogenous intoxications, disorders of fat and other types of metabolism. The method of producing enterosorbent ensures the utilization of wood processing wood waste and expands the raw material base for obtaining enterosorbents from plant materials.

Claims (2)

1. Enterosorbent based on lignin-containing raw materials, characterized in that it is a powder with a particle size of 0.1-1.0 mm, obtained from birch bark bast, extracted and treated with an aqueous alkali solution. 2. A method of obtaining enterosorbent, including grinding lignin-containing raw materials, processing it with a 0.5-2.0% alkali solution at a temperature of 60-100 ° C, hydromodule 7 for 0.5-1.0 hours, neutralization, washing with water, thickening and drying to an air-dry state, characterized in that the birch bark bast is used as raw material, which is sequentially extracted with a number of solvents before alkaline treatment: hexane, ethyl acetate, isopropanol and water.