RU2305697C2 - Fuel briquette fabrication process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: solid fuels.

SUBSTANCE: process of fabricating fuel briquette for communal-general and industrial needs comprises providing peat mass, removing moisture, adding binder, and pressing. Removal of moisture is performed during peat mass providing step or during pressing step. Binder is selected from chemical production bottoms, namely tall pitch, mazut, goudrons, and oil slime. Binder is added under overpressure simultaneously with pressing.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption during briquette fabrication, increased combustion heat of briquettes, reduced ash content and assured strength and hydrophobicity of briquettes.

1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of fuel briquettes for domestic and industrial needs.

A known method of manufacturing fuel briquettes - SU No. 1756330 A1, class. С10F 7/06, which provides for the preparation (grinding, sieving, artificial drying, dosing) of a composition of peat and coal, mixing it with a binder and hydrophobic materials, and then pressing. The practical implementation of this method revealed the following disadvantages:

- significant energy consumption for drying peat to a moisture content of 16-18%, heating the binder and hydrophobic material (still bottoms of hydrolysis production - lignosulfonate) to a fluid state (temperature 90-115 ° С) and mixing until the mixture is uniform in composition;

- low heat of combustion of briquettes;

- high ash content when burning peat briquettes (up to 20% of the initial mass).

Closest to the claimed solution relates to a method for the production of sod peat from peat deposits of the upper type - SU No. 1162850 A, class. С10F 7/00, Е21С 49/00, according to which a modifying additive is introduced into a pre-prepared peat mass in the form of an aqueous solution of liquid alcohols, hydrocarbons and fatty acid soaps in the amount of 0.005-0.1% on the dry substance of peat, and then pressed from it peat briquettes. The disadvantages of this method include:

- significant energy costs for drying molded briquettes to a moisture content of 30% in radiation-convection installations;

- low heat of combustion of briquettes;

- high ash content when burning briquettes (up to 14% of the initial mass).

The problems to which the invention is directed: reducing energy costs for the manufacture of peat briquettes, increasing the calorific value and reducing the ash content of fuel briquettes.

This is achieved by the fact that in the manufacture of fuel briquettes, including the preparation of peat mass, removal of moisture, the introduction of a binder material and pressing, the removal of moisture is carried out both in the preparation of peat mass and in the pressing process, and the introduction of a binder material - bottoms of chemical industries - tall pitch or fuel oil, or tar, or oil sludge - is carried out under excess pressure simultaneously with pressing.

The implementation of the proposed method is as follows and is illustrated in the drawing. Raw peat is removed from the surface of a drained bog prepared for development, and placed for natural drying (to a moisture content of 35-40%) on specially prepared sites. The dried peat mass is transported to the place of production of fuel briquettes. The peat mass 1 is pressed by a presser 2 into a special mold 3 and during compaction through openings 4 under pressure of 10-35 MPa free (unbound) water is displaced. In the process of pressing peat briquettes through perforated injectors 5 by injection injection, binder material 6 is introduced under excess pressure (over 35 MPa) and uniformly distributed over the entire volume of the pressed peat briquette. As a binder material, bottoms of chemical plants are used that have both high heat of combustion and hydrophobic properties, for example tall oil pitch, fuel oil, tar, oil sludge. When the injectors 5 are raised in a peat briquette, cavities are formed which are also filled with a binder material 6. They represent a “flame” and provide an increase in the calorific value of fuel briquettes and a decrease in ash content (see table).

Table Technical indicators of fuel briquettes Type of fuel Calorific value, kcal / kg Ash content,% Thermal equivalent of fuel Milled peat 4021 17.8 0.390 Prototype fuel briquette 4460 14.3 0.575 Suggested fuel briquette 7593 4,5 0.750

The use of binder materials with pronounced adhesive properties when pressing peat allows the production of fuel briquettes whose mechanical strength and hydrophobicity make it possible to store and transport them for a long time.

The implementation of this method allows you to: increase the calorific value of peat briquettes; reduce ash when burned; dehydrate peat mass with minimal costs; evenly distribute the binder material throughout the entire volume of the fuel briquette; provide mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of briquettes necessary for their long storage and transportation; create conditions for safe ignition and efficient briquette burning.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing fuel briquettes, including the preparation of peat mass, moisture removal, the introduction of a binder material and pressing, characterized in that the moisture is removed during the preparation of peat mass and during the pressing process, and the introduction of a binder material - still bottoms of chemical industries - tall pitch, or fuel oil or tar or oil sludge is carried out under excess pressure simultaneously with pressing.