RU2304954C2 - Method and device for stimulating muscle, bone, cardiovascular and nervous system working capacity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method involves applying isometric device for training and doing training exercises complex. The complex includes compressing body elements in longitudinal direction by applying maximum static muscle stress in back and legs, in chest and legs, right shoulder and legs, left shoulder and legs, arm muscles, leg muscles, chest and thighs in combination with leg, back, neck and head muscles; in transverse direction with arm, forearm muscles, dorsal and abdominal muscles; in both longitudinal and transverse direction with back and leg muscles; in longitudinal direction with arm muscles; in transverse direction with neck and head muscles. Maximum static muscle stress is applied up to 5 s long. Device has base, rest member, movable means for fastening the rest member to the base and dynamometers mounted on the movable fastening means. The movable fastening means allow the rest member to be fixed at various heights. The base has digital marks.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment.

4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of sports, in particular to sports simulators, which ensure the effective restoration of the working capacity of muscles, cardiovascular system and joints, and can be used to train athletes, to perform exercises with muscle tension.

There is a method of increasing physical performance in highly qualified athletes (US Pat. RF. No.2016564, op. 07/30/1994, IPC A61H 33/04), including conducting turpentine baths from a yellow solution with a concentration of 45-65 ml per 200 liters of water, temperature 38-41 ° C after the first training session and 2 hours before the next, the duration of the procedure is 15-20 minutes, for a course of 6-8 procedures.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of efficiency in restoring the muscles of athletes, the impossibility of restoring the health of joints and the cardiovascular system, the need for specially trained personnel, the inability to use in gyms.

The closest analogue of the present invention is a method of apparatus massage of the muscles of the body (RF patent No. 2035179, IPC A61H 23/06, op. 05.20.1995), which includes vibration exposure to the muscle with a frequency of 15-30 Hz and an amplitude of 0.5-15 mA, the effect is carried out on the distal end of the muscle at the place of its attachment with its simultaneous manual massage for 1-5 minutes, after which electrostimulation is performed by low-frequency or interference low-frequency current with a frequency of 10200 Hz and an amplitude of 20-100 mA; in a state of extension or tension of the muscle, it is subjected to manual ischemic compression at biologically active points.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for sophisticated equipment to restore muscle performance and the inability to restore the cardiovascular and articular systems.

A device is known for training weightlifters (AS RF No. 1248614, MPK4 A63B 21/00, pr. 01.11.84, op. 07.08.86, b. No. 29), containing a base with vertical supports carrying guides for the bar, rods located in planes perpendicular to the bar of the bar, equipped with an indicator of the athlete's vertical efforts, made in the form of a dynamometer connected by flexible rods with the bar and the base.

A disadvantage of the known device is that it has the ability to train and measure only the vertical efforts of the athlete and does not have a restorative effect on the bone, cardiovascular and nervous system.

A device for performing isometric exercises on muscle tension with a rotating upper element, regulating the length of the connecting cords (US Pat. US No. 31117781, NPK 272-79, date of issue 01/14/64,), containing a base plate, two inelastic (not stretchable) cord, stretched through holes in the base on opposite sides, the lower ends of the cord are fixed on the lower side of the base, and the upper ends of the cord are wound on the rod with a slight indent from its ends. The part of the cord below the base is knotted to prevent the cord from slipping through the hole. By rotating the bar, you can rewind or unwind the cord, reducing or increasing its length between the bar and the base. The distance between the cords is sufficient so that the trainee can sit on the base in any position required to complete the exercise.

In the known device there is no possibility of measuring the muscle tension of the trainee, which excludes the possibility of introducing an individualized load scheme with maximum muscle tension, and therefore the efficiency of achieving maximum body performance is reduced. Changing the length of a flexible cord by winding it onto a bar is inconvenient during training, as perhaps unwinding it.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method and a convenient device for training to operate, which allows to determine the maximum muscle tension and carry out the process of restoring muscle performance at maximum voltage according to an individual load scheme, which most effectively affects the restoration of the bone, cardiovascular and nervous systems.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the training process, achieving an effective restorative effect on the muscular, skeletal, cardiovascular and nervous systems by maximizing the health of the body.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of increasing the working capacity of muscles, bone, cardiovascular and nervous systems, an isometric device is used for training, a set of exercises is performed to compress the body elements in the longitudinal direction due to the maximum static tension of the muscles of the back and legs, chest and legs, the right shoulder and legs, the left shoulder and legs, the muscles of the arms, legs, chest and hips, together with the muscles of the legs, back, neck and head, in the transverse direction by the muscles of the arm, muscles of the forearm, back, abdomen, in the transverse and longitudinal directions by the muscles of the back and legs, in the longitudinal direction by the muscles of the hands and the transverse muscles of the neck and head, and the maximum static muscle tension is carried out up to 5 s.

An isometric training device includes a base, an emphasis and movable means of attaching an emphasis to the base, contains dynamometers mounted on movable means of attaching an emphasis to the base, while the movable means of attaching the emphasis to the base are configured to set the emphasis at different heights, the base is digitally marked , and the emphasis is a horizontal bar with a marking.

The movable means of fastening the stop to the base are made in the form of perforations with holes connected to the base by means of flexible rods.

The movable means of attaching the stop to the base are made in the form of flexible rods tied up with the formation of separate cells for installing the stop in them.

The inventive method, implemented using an isometric device for training, takes into account individual characteristics of the structure and physical development of a person, which allows you to perform exercises on individual maps - tasks with the position of the body elements in the simulator with maximum static muscle tension in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

The maximum static muscle tension contributes to the simultaneous tension of the maximum possible number of motor units in the working muscles, the manifestation of maximum static strength, which most stimulates the synthesis of new contractile elements of muscle fibers with the greatest increase in the strength of each fiber, with the greatest increase in specific muscle strength.

The introduction of dynamometers allows you to control loads and measure muscle strength and perform exercises for a short time when the muscles reach the maximum value of static stress.

Monitoring the training process with the help of dynamometers and the ability to control the length of the means of attachment of the stop to the base allows you to create an individual map of the positions of body elements with maximum force.

From maximum muscle tension, the maximum impulse enters the nervous system, which stimulates the release of mediators and hormones that activate metabolism. The maximum impulse of the motor units of the muscle through the sensory - sensory nerve enters the spinal cord and brain, where a response is generated through the motor nerve to the maximum compression of these muscles and through the sympathetic nervous system to the enhanced work of the muscles of the internal organs, through internal secretions, blood and lymph vessels.

Pressure on the discs and cartilage at maximum muscle tension maximizes the production of nutrient synovial fluid, increases the nutrition of the skeletal system, increasing its performance.

Only from the maximum muscle tension in the transverse direction does the deep muscles of the spine relax (relax) to the maximum, eliminating pain and illness in the back.

At maximum static muscle tension, the vessels are compressed as much as possible, which maximizes the stroke volume of the vessels, i.e. the amount of blood squeezed into the subsequent vessels with each muscle contraction, maximizes the nutrition of the organs of the body, maximizes the efficiency (COP) of the cardiovascular system.

The maximum specific power of muscle energy for 5 seconds of maximum muscle tension allows you to work briefly with maximum specific load without fatigue, with high efficiency (Efficiency).

The introduction of dynamometers allows you to measure the efforts of the elements of the user's body at any angle to the base of the device.

Digital marking on the base, emphasis and perforated lines with holes makes it possible to accurately determine the position of each element of the user's body in the device with the maximum static force in the body elements, in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

The implementation of the base, measuring perforated lines with holes and an emphasis with digital marking allows you to accurately determine the position of each body element in the device with dynamometers with maximum static force in the body elements not only in the longitudinal but also in the transverse direction, which will allow you to take into account individual structural features and development of the user, to make individual maps of the exercises, taking into account the position of the elements of the body in the device at which the user shows effort in the longitudinal and transverse directions. That is, training is carried out on individual cards with maximum muscle tension, which most stimulates the synthesis of new contractile elements of muscle fibers with the greatest increase in the strength of each fiber, with the greatest increase in specific muscle strength.

Immediately after training, a decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in heart rate, and an increase in growth are observed.

The aging of the human body begins with a deterioration in the nutrition of cells as a result of poor muscle relaxation. After maximum tension, more relaxation occurs, which improves cell nutrition and slows down the aging process.

The source of energy in humans is organic matter. The power of energy generation is such that in the first 1-2 seconds of energy is generated 3 times more than in the subsequent time. The efficiency of the body and the efficiency of its work directly depend on the amount and use of the generated energy. Short-term work (1-2 seconds) with a strong muscle tension allows the body to include strong and weak muscle fibers in the work, show maximum muscle strength, work with maximum efficiency.

In everyday life, a person rarely strains muscles very much, unused strong fibers atrophy, muscle overloads and, as a result, hypertonic diseases appear.

Strong muscle tension in diseased areas leads to the healing of diseased tissues. The nervous system controls the work of muscle fibers, sending pulses of different frequency along the motor nerve. Weak SO - fibers are included in the work at a pulse frequency of up to 20 hertz. Strong FG - fibers - at a frequency of about 60 hertz. Training the nervous system at an increased frequency of impulse forces all organs to work at increased power. In medetsin, to increase the specific muscle strength, electrostimulation is applied with current pulsation close to the frequency of impulse of the motor neuron.

According to medical monitoring, signs of muscle weakness are associated with a deterioration in the cardiovascular system: the stroke volume of the heart decreases, blood pressure rises, and the pulse rate increases. Similar symptoms were observed in 62% of skiers, 56% of marathon runners, and only in 7% of qualified weightlifters. Weightlifters regularly greatly strain their muscles.

Strong muscle tension occurs with strong resistance to the movement of the applied force. Maximum muscle tension occurs with isometric resistance.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of an isometric device.

The device consists of a stop 1, dynamometers 2, perforated 3, flexible rod 4 and base 5. The stop 1 is made with digital markings, perforated holes 3 are designed to accommodate the stop 1. Perforated 3 connected to the base 5 by means of flexible rods 4, providing mobility emphasis 1 relative to the base 5 in different planes.

Figure 2 schematically shows a set of exercises to create muscle effort to compress body elements. A person occupies a comfortable position between the emphasis 1 and the base 5 and creates a force on them to compress the elements of the body:

a) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the back and legs; b) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the chest and legs; c) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the right shoulder and legs; d) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the left shoulder and legs; e) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the hands; e) lateral efforts by the muscles of the hand; g) lateral efforts by the muscles of the forearm; h) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the legs; i) lateral efforts by the muscles of the back; j) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the chest and hips; k) longitudinal and transverse efforts by the muscles of the back and legs; m) lateral efforts by the abdominal muscles; m) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the hands, transverse forces by the muscles of the neck and head; o) longitudinal efforts by the muscles of the legs, back, neck and head.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the effect of maximum muscle tension on the joints and spine, where 6 is the vertebra, 7 is the disk, 8 is the spinal cord, 9 is the deep muscle, 10 is the longitudinal load, 11 is the transverse load.

The spine consists of 24 flexibly interconnected vertebrae 6, the sacrum and tailbone. The mobility of the vertebrae in relation to each other is ensured by cartilage pads, called intervertebral discs 7. The transverse and spinous processes of the vertebrae are connected to each other by the deep muscles of the 9th back. The deep muscles of the back 9 are involved in lateral inclinations and rotational movements of the body, i.e. in movements of the transverse direction to the spine.

The joint ends of the bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, the joint space and joint cavity are filled with synovial fluid. Articular cartilage is fed by synovial fluid. The spine and joints are nourished by synovial fluid, which is produced only with muscle load.

With physical inactivity, the absence of strong stresses and pressures, the discs 7 of the spine are dehydrated, compressed, and destroyed. The deep muscles 9 weaken and spasm from a light load, remain in a compressed state, compress the intervertebral discs 7, pain and disease appear.

Only the method of maximum muscle tension creates the maximum longitudinal pressure on the spine 6 and the maximum tension of the deep muscles 9 in the transverse direction. Under high pressure, the disk 7 captures nutrient moisture, becomes an elastic shock absorber and compensates for strong pressure. Disk 7 restores its previous dimensions.

After maximum tension, the deep muscles 9 relax, their strength, performance is restored. After training on an isometric device (static force), the user's growth increases by 2-3 cm, pain and illness are eliminated.

In FIG. 4 illustrates the effect of maximum muscle tension on the cardiovascular system, muscle blood vessel compression:

where n) the heart; p) muscle strain; c) dynamic work; r) maximum reduction.

In an adult, about 40 thousand kilometers of vessels. In the walls of the vessels there is a muscle layer, the work of which is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. With the contraction of the muscles of the vessels, their lumen decreases. The surrounding muscles help squeeze blood vessels, increase the power of the hydrodynamic pulse wave of blood. Blood vessels that do not pass through the muscles (of the brain, internal organs, skin) are massaged, trained by a hydrodynamic wave. The maximum increase in the power of the pulse wave of blood is created by an increase in the volume of blood in the vessel and the maximum contraction of the surrounding muscles.

The heart has large reserves. At maximum muscle tension, the stroke volume of the heart almost doubles, i.e. the amount of blood ejected into the vessels with each contraction. The efficiency of the action of the heart, measured by the ratio of the mechanical work of the heart muscle to all the energy expended, is more than doubled (atherosclerotic diseases almost do not occur in poor Asian people with strong muscle tension at work.)

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the dynamics of the energy delivery rate in muscles, where 12 is ATP (adenositriphosphate), 13 is CRF (creatine phosphate), 14 is respiration (oxidation), 15 is glycolysis.

The direct and direct source of energy for all biological functions and for muscle contraction is ATP - adenositriphosphate (figure 5). When the muscle is activated, enhanced ATP hydrolysis occurs, so the intensity of energy metabolism increases by 1000 times compared with the level of rest. ATP reserves in muscles are small and they last for 5-6 seconds of intensive work. ATP resynthesis (recovery) occurs at the same rate as it is consumed. The maximum specific muscle work is also manifested in the first 5-6 seconds and reaches 3770 kJ / kg. Further muscle work takes place with an increase in fatigue with a decrease in working capacity, with a decrease in specific power to 1250 kJ / kg. Muscle fatigue is due to a significant accumulation of under-oxidized decomposition products of energy compounds, and in the nerve centers - the development of transcendental inhibition.

Performing strength endurance exercises (squats, weight push-ups, etc.) to “failure”, to complete fatigue leads to overload, muscle weakness, increased blood pressure, exacerbation of diseases.

Figure 6 shows the dependence of the efficiency and specific load of the muscle on the intensity of the load, where 16 is the load for physical inactivity, 17 is the load for walking, 18 is the load for slow running, 19 is the load for intensive running, 20 is the load for jumping, 21 is Squat load with load, 22 - load at maximum muscle tension, 23 - immobility.

Efficiency - the ability to perform work with high efficiency, high efficiency. The physical performance of cyclic movements of aerobic load is estimated by the value of the maximum oxygen consumption with the performance of the work "to failure". Work "to failure" is associated with the accumulation of fatigue, a decrease in muscle contraction force, and a decrease in work efficiency. The effectiveness of aerobic work does not exceed 27% (Fig.6).

With powerful work, the body is not able to provide ongoing processes with oxygen. If such power of work could occur due to oxygen reactions, then the organs of blood circulation and respiration would have to ensure the delivery of more than 40 liters of oxygen per minute to organs. Highly qualified athletes have a maximum oxygen consumption of up to 10 liters per minute.

The physical performance of acyclic movements during anaerobic work with maximum muscle tension is estimated by the specific load on the muscles and heart rate.

The maximum muscle tension most stimulates the synthesis of new myofibrils - contractile elements of muscle fibers, with a maximum increase in the strength of each fiber increases the specific muscle strength. The increase in specific strength is really the largest with a moderate increase in muscle volume.

Human immobility (for example, lying for about 40 days) leads to muscle atrophy, the appearance of diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, degenerative changes in the cartilage joints occur. By day 40, calcium is almost completely eliminated from bones.

Figure 7 shows a mechanogram of contractions of the motor units of muscles. From maximum muscle tension, the maximum impulse enters the nervous system, which stimulates the release of mediators and hormones that activate metabolism.

On Fig presents a graph of the intensity of physical activity and heart rate:

24 - heavy, 25 - medium, 26 - light, 27 - with maximum muscle tension.

From heavy cyclic loads (24, 25 and 26), the working capacity temporarily decreases, fatigue appears, etc.

The greatest specific power of muscle energy at their maximum reduction in the first 5 seconds (schedule 27) of work and with the subsequent restoration of energy consumption within 10 seconds allows you to work briefly with maximum specific load without fatigue with high efficiency (COP).

The recovery of muscle, bone, cardiovascular and nervous systems using an isometric device is as follows.

Digital marking on the base 5, perforated with holes 3 and emphasis 1 allows you to determine the position of each element with the manifestation of maximum force in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Using dynamometers 2 measure the maximum force. The stop 1 is inserted into the holes of the perforated line 3 at different heights. Flexible rods 4 allow you to tilt the perforated with holes 3 with emphasis 1 at any angle to the base 5.

The efforts of the body elements applied along the body elements are longitudinal, the forces applied across the body elements are transverse.

Dynamometers clearly show the strength of the muscles at different angles between the elements of the body. By rearranging the traction along the length in the perforated line with holes of 5 centimeters to the full range of motion of the body elements and setting the body elements in different places on the stop and the base, we find the positions of the body elements with the manifestation of maximum static force. Training on the SS device is done on individual cards that take into account the peculiarities of the structure and human development.

The maximum muscle tension is performed at half exhale.

The first time the exercises are performed with a small voltage of 1-2 seconds and only after a month of training can you go to maximum stresses up to 5 seconds.

Rest between sets for at least a minute. Before starting a workout, practicing a digital tonometer measures heart rate, blood pressure and growth. With blood pressure above 140 mmHg, it is better not to do high voltages.

Perform exercises for all muscle groups, special attention is paid to exercises with maximum tension of the muscles of the back, head, neck, abdomen, chest. Engage in at least 15 minutes in two days. After two months of training, the trainee lifts weights higher than weightlifting champions, weightlifters. After training, the pulse, pressure and growth are measured again. Typically, there is a decrease in blood pressure, decreased heart rate, increased growth.

Using the inventive device for compressing body elements allows you to safely maximize all muscle tension (compression elements have the greatest margin of safety), short-term exercises, i.e. short-term massage with maximum muscle tension, effectively restore the working capacity of the muscular, skeletal, cardiovascular and nervous systems.

The method of maximum muscle tension allows you to maximize the specific load on the muscles, reduce fatigue, increase work efficiency up to 50%.

Claims (4)

1. A method of improving the performance of muscles, bone, cardiovascular and nervous systems, characterized in that they use an isometric device for training, perform a set of exercises to compress body elements in the longitudinal direction due to the maximum static tension of the muscles of the back and legs, chest and legs, the right shoulder and legs, the left shoulder and legs, the muscles of the arms, legs, chest and hips, together with the muscles of the legs, back, neck and head, in the transverse direction by the muscles of the arm, muscles of the forearm, back, abdomen, in the transverse and longitudinal direction muscles of the back and legs, in the longitudinal direction by the muscles of the hands and transverse by the muscles of the neck and head, and the maximum static muscle tension is carried out up to 5 s. 2. An isometric device for training, including the base, emphasis and movable means of attaching the emphasis to the base, characterized in that it contains dynamometers mounted on movable means of securing the emphasis to the base, while the movable means of securing the emphasis to the base are configured to set the emphasis on different height, the base is made with digital markings, and the emphasis is a crossbar with markings. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable means for attaching the stop to the base are made in the form of perforations with holes connected to the base by means of flexible rods. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable means for attaching the stop to the base are made in the form of flexible rods tied up with the formation of separate cells for installing the stop in them.

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